Song Ji changed his words and first outlined the background of why the Western company was able to suppress the Mughal emperor and cut off Bengal.

The Mughal dynasty originated from the Timurid Empire. Babur, a descendant of Timur, destroyed the Delhi Sultanate more than 200 years ago and established the Mughal dynasty, "Mughal" means "Mughul", meaning "Mongol". After the second generation of emperors Humayun was expelled from Tianzhu, he made a comeback, and the third generation of emperors Akbar stood firm, and by the time of the fifth generation of emperors, it was a powerful empire.

By the time of the sixth emperor Aurangzeb, the devout Muslim expanded his territory and the dynasty expanded to its fullest extent. However, while he was reckless, he also strongly promoted the integration of government and religion, which provoked the local forces in India, and the princely states led by the Marat Kingdom became independent, the Mughal Dynasty was divided, and the emperor became a puppet of all forces. From 1707 to 1720, seven emperors were replaced in thirteen years.

Around this time, Portugal, the Netherlands, France and Britain opened merchant houses in Tianzhu, and after the Anglo-Chinese annexed the northern part of Myanmar and established Bagan Province, the territory directly bordered Tianzhu. In the early days, he gained a foothold in Chittagong, and then fought three Ceylon naval battles with Britain to fight for control of Tianzhu.

When the East and West were fighting over who had the right to encircle Tianzhu alone, the Mughal Dynasty also ushered in another round of tragic fate. The Persian Empire invaded from the west, and in the 21st year of the Holy Way, that is, in 1739, the Persian minister Nadir Shah occupied Delhi and annexed all the lands west of the Indus River, and the Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah became a puppet of the Persians.

After the Anglo-Chinese defeated Britain, they took possession of British strongholds such as Calcutta and Madras. At the same time, in order to balance the power of France in Tianzhu, the British and Chinese also made concessions to Britain, retaining Bombay as a British treaty port, and promising not to interfere in the status quo of Ceylon.

When the two sides adjusted their layout, the princely king of Bengal was dissatisfied with the British and Chinese driving out the Britons without authorization, occupied Calcutta, and prepared to launch a large army to expel the Western company. But under the silver bullet offensive of the Western company, and the promise of "liberating Bengal from the tyranny of the Mughals". The princes of various places under the king of the princely states have defected, and the great cause of "anti-British" was stillborn.

In the twenty-second year of the Holy Dao, the Western Company used 6,000 mercenaries and 10,000 native soldiers, plus the assistance of the Western fleet. He took Dhaka and destroyed the king of the princely states of Bengal in one go.

The Western Company then reached an agreement with the Marat Princely Alliance, which at this time effectively controlled most of Tianzhu's territory, and the Western Company supplied guns and artillery to train the army to assist the Marat League in its fight against Persia at the cost of ceding Bengal. This condition was operated by the Marat League from above, forcing the Mughal emperor to sign the Treaty of Delhi. 【1】

Song Ji concluded: "It is impossible for I, Yinghua, to embezzle the entire Tianzhu at this time. I will only wait and see how the Marats will fight with Persia, and the camera will move, and the main focus will be on Bengal. The land system in Bangladesh is based on the chamindar system, which is also easy to get started. ”

After listening to Song Ji's introduction, Li Kezai suddenly realized that this Chamindar system really sounded like the tax package system practiced by the Mongols.

Chamindar was originally the name of the tribal leader or aristocratic prince in the old days of Tianzhu, and gradually became synonymous with the taxation of land during the Mughal Dynasty. After that, it will evolve into the pronoun of the local tax contractor, and finally become the pronoun of the local tax contractor.

To put it simply, Chamindar first referred to being commissioned by the government. Intermediaries who collect taxes directly from villages and peasants. After the establishment of the Mughal dynasty, Chamindar gradually replaced the local government, exercising tax, judicial, administrative and even military powers. In addition to paying a fixed amount of taxes to the princely states, the excess taxes are one's own.

This power can be inherited, transferred, and sold. But de jure, the land under the jurisdiction of Chamindar was not his own, but belonged to the princely king and even the empire. …,

Li Kezai's understanding is right and wrong, the Chamindar system is a typical tax system, but the tax system is not exclusive to the Mongols. Almost all ancient and even modern countries have taken the tax package system as the basis for taxation, and the difference is only the size of the contracting right and the way of change. This is also the case when the financial technology and business system are incomplete. The only viable way to collect taxes from the grassroots of society.

The tax collector not only has the right to levy, the executive and the judiciary, but also the military power under the extreme tax system, and Chamindar is such an extreme.

Although China has established an advanced system of directly taxing yeoman farmers after the county system, the actual means of implementation is essentially a tax package system. Just by the bureaucracy. Turning the tax contractor into a professional manager, not a hereditary contractor. During the Sui and Tang dynasties, the imperial examination system was developed and the bureaucratic system was perfected, but the concept of the so-called "parent official" was actually not fundamentally different from that of the tax collector.

After several reforms, some characteristics of the tax package system have not been eliminated, such as the difficulty of separating administrative and judicial families, which can be said to be the characteristics of China's great unification, but it is not a legacy of the social system that has not fully entered the modern society.

Throughout Tianzhu, in addition to the chaimindar system, there is also the leywaral system, which directly taxes yeoman farmers, and the mahawar system, which taxes the entire village clan, but in Bengal, the chaimindar system is very common and very mature. 【2】

Li Kezai asked: "Why is it said that the chamindar system is convenient for us to govern Bangladesh?" ”

Song Ji replied: "We are aliens who have entered Tianzhu, and we have solved the upper level of the princely kings and high-ranking nobles, so we have to rely on the middle-level Tianzhu elites to help us rule the local area." On the industrial and commercial side it is the compradors, and at the grassroots level and in agriculture it is Chamindar. ”

"The Western company only took the right to Chamindar in a few places here, and most of Chamindar still retained, and even further recognized Chamindar's ownership of the land under his rule, which is to support them and let them benefit from us together."

Interracial Domination...... It's a familiar feeling, Li Kezai threw this feeling away and asked the key question: "What wealth is there here in Tianzhu, and how do we squeeze it?" ”

Song Ji said: "This matter should be viewed in two layers, one is ready-made wealth, and the other is theoretical wealth. ”

What are the ready-made wealth?

First of all, the land is taxed, and the Western company exercises state power here, which is a large chaimindar for Yinghua. In addition to the colonial concession tax, Western companies also had to pay a fixed tax to Anglo-Chinese. The twenty-four-year task of the Holy Word is one million taels. This corresponds to a population of about 6 million in Bangladesh [3], and the quota is not too harsh.

The second is minerals, strategic resources such as gold, saltpeter and sulfur are owned by the state, and other minerals are owned by Western companies, but the development of these minerals also has to pay mineral taxes to the state.

The third is tariffs, Bangladesh is an extra-legal territory, different from Funan and other colonies, and domestic commercial goods are counted as imports and exports. Western companies share tariffs with the state, and customs operations are also supervised by the Anglo-Chinese General Administration of Customs.

After these three items, it is estimated that the wealth of Anglo-Chinese directly in Bangladesh will reach about 3 million per year, which is relative to Anglo-Chinese national income. That's a better number than nothing.

Li Kezai was more concerned about the so-called "theoretical wealth", and Song Ji pinched his chin and said: "This has to start with industry and commerce......

Gulingham County, Zhong Shangwei endured the strange smell of strong discomfort in the air, and chatted with the accountant in charge of the accounts, Fang Wu asked him to be the family, he had to find out the family background first.

They contracted the right to Chamindar in Gulingham County, which was read by the books and tax bills left by the previous owner. The interest is divided into three parts, one part is the direct chamindal right to a number of estates and cultivated land, including about 3,000 households, and the fields need to be re-measured in the Anglo-Chinese system, estimated to be between 800 and 1,000 hectares, and the main grain is grain, and the grain is mainly rice. …,

The other part is the tax rights of Litwar and Mahawar, where hundreds of yeoman farmers and more than 30 villages are not part of Fangwu's "property rights". However, the Western company entrusted the right to collect taxes to Fang Wu, and the tax amount was also included in the task. But the other party is either a high-ranking caste, or a special group. Either the population is scattered, the cost of taxation is too high, it is good to be able to complete the task, and it is impossible to earn anything.

The third part is the big one, half of the cultivated land in the county, about 2,000 hectares, belongs to Chamindar, and there are about 5,000 Shudra tenant farmers serving Chamindar. Everything is grown, rice, indigo, jute, sugar cane. In other words, their alien race is the number one big landlord in the county.

Looking at the proportion of land rent sharing directly under the account book, Zhong Shangwei was dumbfounded. Two thirds......

The local Vaishyas (intermediaries who buy and sell land) also say that the ratio is very "benevolent", and in some places it is as high as 80 percent, and that as Shudra tenant farmers, who are only one level higher than the untouchables, they are actually considered untouchables, and it is good to have enough to eat.

Zhong Shangwei thought to himself. If you dare to collect two-thirds or even eighty percent of the tenant farmers, you will never be wronged if you dare to plant a "madman" on your head. But then again, where can I find any untouchable tenant farmers in the country, and it is only in the early years that I vaguely resemble the Sudra tenant farmers.

With such a high land rent, Chamingal's interests are really rich, and it should be easy to complete the quota, Zhong Shangwei is calculating how much harvest will be next year, but the calculator reminded that the yield per mu here is much lower than that in China, and the export of grain is not smooth, and the local currency is very chaotic, boss, you had better discount your psychological expectations......

At the last two o'clock, it is difficult for him to understand, the climate here is mild, the soil is fertile, the rivers are longitudinal and horizontal, and the irrigation is very convenient, why is the yield per mu not high?

Niu Baocheng was carrying the musket sent by the Western Company under his command, and when he heard Zhong Shang's question, he interjected: "Tianzhu people are lazy, it's better here, the further south you go, the more lazy people can't stand it." It's good to be able to work for three hours a day, like us, getting up early and working hard in the fields. ”

The arithmetic is helping the Tianzhu people to defend themselves, saying that the climate here is hot, and they can't be diligent if they want to, and they can't be diligent if they want to, and Zhong Shangwei feels pertinent, he is not supported by a big career, and in this ghost weather, he can't sleep every day.

This discount continued, and Zhong Shangwei's face began to look ugly.

The benefits are calculated, and the costs are also calculated. The cost is also three parts, one is to ensure the rule of the locality, must maintain a small army, Fang Wu is ready to recruit 600 native soldiers according to the establishment of the Fubo army, because these native soldiers are to be used against the locals, you must not use the Shudra, but must use Kshatriya, or go further north to recruit Gurkha and other foreigners, food, clothing, housing and transportation salary increase, how to calculate how to get 20,000 taels a year.

The second is to establish courts, support grassroots workers, and even engage in some of the most basic public construction, such as roads and bridges, medical care and epidemic prevention, disaster relief and fire fighting, and so on.

The third cost is even more terrifying, as Chamindar, because it is a share of the land rent, it is obliged to provide loans to the tenant farmers, or in the form of credit, to ensure that the tenant farmers are not starved to death, which is equivalent to paying forty or fifty thousand yuan in advance to become dead money, and the annual interest loss and bad debts are enough to be painful.

The most important thing is that they are of different races, and they have to find someone to convey everything, which not only has labor costs, but also risk costs.

The benefits and costs were offset, Zhong Shangwei's heart was beating, he found Fang Wu, twisted his face and said, "I think...... We shouldn't just be staring at rent. ”

Of course, Fang Wu didn't understand, so he asked what to stare at.

Zhong Shangwei didn't want to say clearly: "Since we have so many fields, what's wrong with planting something else?" Why do you have to shoulder the burden of parents and officials for the Tianzhu people? ”…,

Fang Wu frowned, the official master was inappropriate, so he was thinking about farming?

"Indigo! Jute! ”

Zhong Shangwei first thought of these two, his old partner Li Shun not only planted spices in Funan, but also grew dyes. In recent years, the silk and cotton industry in China has developed greatly, and the demand for dyes has become more and more vigorous.

As one of the three major raw materials in the textile industry, jute is not as expensive as cotton yarn and raw silk, but it is used to weave sacks and other packaging materials, and the demand is not much less than that of cotton yarn and raw silk. Because of the production area restrictions, plantations are in Siam and Luzon, and the supply is also in short supply.

Fang Wu pinched his chin and said, "Old Zhong, it's not appropriate to let the earth overlord go, you have to let us engage in industry and commerce?" ”

The two argued, and the arithmetic, who had been swept out of the house for fabricating accounts, took out a booklet and said to the two: "I look at the Western company, no, the court in the country, in fact, this is what it means, to turn this place into a raw material land." If you look at these import and export tariffs, indigo and jute are preferential items for export tax exemption......"

Listening to this arithmetic seemed to be insightful, the two of them calmed down and listened to his lecture.

The arithmetic said: "This has to start with the development of my Yinghua industry and commerce in recent years......" (to be continued.) If you like this work, you are welcome to (.) to vote for recommendation, monthly pass, your support is my biggest motivation. )