The ruling emperor gave up the position to the sage to take over, which is called Zen concession; The sage who accepted the abdication had to pretend to "resign but not accept", and only after several persuasions from the ministers did he ascend to the throne, which was called persuasion.

The virtue of Gu Yao Shun Xian has always been praised by the ancients, and the moral model of the holy king. But the strange thing is that the sage Confucius only talked about giving to the people in the "Yongye" and "Xianwen" chapters of the "Analects", cultivating oneself to appease the people, and even Yao Shun was difficult to do. And Xunzi pointed out very unceremoniously: "Yao Shun let it go." Not really. The Son of Heaven is the supreme and invincible in the world, who will let the husband hold him? ”

Also, if there is no force to force the palace and the opponent is clamoring, who is willing to easily give up the supreme leadership to others? However, whether it is a change of power by force or a peaceful transition of Chan concessions, the successor to the throne needs to do everything possible to present himself as the legitimate successor of orthodoxy in order to win the moral trust of others, and various doctrines have emerged.

For example, from the Han Dynasty to the Jin Dynasty, Dong Zhongshu Junquan's divine view of the Mandate of Heaven, Zou Yan's Yin and Yang Five Elements Theory, Xi Chisel's Orthodoxy, and even the Race Theory, Culture Theory, Regional Theory, Blood Theory, Qi Number Theory, and so on. What is unbelievable is that Sun Quan's advisers during the Three Kingdoms period, knowing that compared with Liu Bei, Sun Quan did not occupy the advantages of region, culture, and blood, and even said that Sun Quan "read books and pass on history, and his books are strange", which is better than Liu Bei's not reading, which is also a condition for being king. In fact, this is just to build up public opinion for himself on the stage and coax the blind.

Since the Xia Dynasty, there have been very few "Zen thrones" in Chinese society, and the Zen concession system has become a hereditary system for the throne, which has been followed by successive dynasties. Zen makes the system exist in name only! There have also been a few limited Chan concessions, Han Chan Wei, Wei Chan Jin, and Later Zhou Chan Song. But most of them were forced to give in. There are also a few people who took the initiative to let Zen in the Tang Dynasty, Gaozu Chan let Taizong, Ruizong Chan let Xuanzong, Xuanzong Chan let Suzong, etc. Most of them are still forced to do so, and only Tang Ruizong is willing to give up to Tang Xuanzong. Although Zhao Ji of this dynasty gave way to Zhao Huan on a voluntary basis, he was also forced to be helpless and shirk responsibility, but later regretted it.

………

"Your Highness, now that the emperor has an edict in hand, and a large army on his side, he should announce it to the world as soon as possible, so that the people can know that the country has a new master. So as not to make trouble for others! Zong Ze saw that Zhao Ta was silent in thought, and said a little anxiously, he was worried that Zhao Gou would ascend the throne in front, so if it was not done well, there would be a matter of one country and two masters, although there was 'authenticity', it would be troublesome to deal with.

"Now that the second emperor is still here, how dare this king call me!" Zhao Ta shook his head and said, in fact, he was very aware of his situation at this time, but it was not his original idea to be called emperor. But history forced him into a corner, and it also gave him the idea of establishing himself as a king and opening up another pure land. But he had too much to give up with the Great Song Dynasty, and he was involved in this turmoil again.

"Your Highness, if there is chaos today. The people of the Central Plains are trapped in fire and water, and although King Kang is in charge of the world's soldiers and horses, he is afraid of the enemy like a tiger. refuses to send troops for a long time, and now only the prince can bear the heavy responsibility of saving the world! Chen Yu said. Zhongshan was besieged three times in order to see the ferocity of the Jurchens. But they were beaten by the king of Qin and lost their armor, and their troops were broken, and only the king of Qin could defeat the Jurchens.

"This matter is important, King Rong Ben think about it carefully!" Zhao Ta waved his hand and said, don't let them persuade again

At this moment, Zhao Ta's heart was very confused, he read "History of the Song Dynasty" in his previous life, and he was indignant when he saw the shame of Jingkang, and after he came to this world, he actively prepared to prevent all this from happening, but things were not as simple as he imagined, the intricate officialdom battles, and the deceitful fathers and sons and brothers made him physically and mentally exhausted, and he finally chose to escape from all this.

The stage of Jingkang's shame can find a hundred reasons to remove himself, and he can also find a series of reasons, such as family affection, brothers, wealth, and even the people of the world. But now Zhao Ta can't forgive himself, as a latecomer, he knows what will happen, but he didn't do his best to prevent the tragedy from happening.

In the final analysis, he cherishes his feathers too much, and estimates the reputation of the so-called loyalty and filial piety, he wants to avoid bloodshed, but now he wants to leave more blood. He once instilled in his subordinates the law of the jungle that the strong is king, but in the end he abandoned him, forgetting that history is written by the victors.

The Confucian idea of Zen concession, which was originally intended to be the choice of 'virtuous and capable' to express its ideal strategy for the founding of the country and the way of dynastic succession, was gradually borrowed by the rulers to achieve a forced dynastic change, casting a reasonable fig leaf over their usurpation of power, making their behavior of forcibly seizing the throne appear to be in line with the feudal doctrine of etiquette, and used to consolidate the newly established rule. Therefore, Chan Rang is nothing more than a cover for the usurpation of the throne by the ruler and deceive history.

When the Shang Dynasty was founded, Shang Tang held a meeting of 3,000 princes, at which Shang Tang "gave the throne three times"; When the Ming Dynasty was founded, Zhu Yuanzhang also "gave the throne three times". Yuan Shikai of later generations did the most incisively, and the point was to be fake. Yuan Shikai obviously wants to be the emperor himself, but in the early stage, he has to push and let everyone, and everyone has to "beg" him, and after begging, he has to say: Since the imperial system must be restored, let Aixin Jueluo family Zen let go

China's system today is the result of a long-term and endogenous evolution on the basis of its political and cultural traditions, and the change of leadership power can still be seen that the change of China's supreme power has the traditional "Zen concession" color on the one hand, but it also breaks the limitations of the ancient "Zen concession" lifelong system, which can be regarded as a characteristic Zen concession system.

These are not so much political performances as relics of the ancient Zen system, following a seemingly reasonable and legal procedure. Chan Rang is not only a means and method of dynastic succession, but also should be recognized as a kind of politics, a kind of ceremonial politics with Chinese characteristics, and a unique and explicit political phenomenon with its unique content and form in Chinese history...

Now even if he is not the emperor, Zhao Gou will inevitably be the emperor, and Zhao Gou will not save the second emperor now and in the future, and the Central Plains and even the south of the Yangtze River have been ravaged by the Jurchens again and again, which has been tested by history. And the 'grandfather Yue', who was only a junior officer outside the hall, would also become a sacrifice for his surrender and begging.

Do you want to watch your 'idol' die tragically on the storm pavilion again? Let the melancholy Zong Ze in front of him shout 'cross the river' and die with deep regret? Let the brothers who followed their birth and death be a lonely soul who died in a foreign land! At this moment, Zhao Ta seemed to have figured it out all at once... (To be continued......)