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The so-called negotiation is actually a process of mutual compromise, and if we do not compromise, the negotiation will not proceed. On the basis of reservations and concessions on both sides, Li Hongzhang and Sheng Haizhou finally reached an agreement and drummed up a Sino-Japanese treaty of friendship and common prosperity, which was also called the Edo Treaty because it was signed in Edo.

The Edo Treaty was divided into three articles:

First, the Japanese government publicly apologized in writing to the families of the Chinese victims in the Yoshidaya incident, and at the same time gave the families of the deceased 10,000 taels of silver as compensation. In addition, in view of the fact that the deceased's work for the Eastern Group also suffered a lot of economic losses in this incident, the Japanese government will also give 50,000 taels of silver to the Eastern Group as economic compensation to the Eastern Group.

Second, the Japanese government will punish those responsible for the Yoshidaya incident, and although the person directly responsible for the incident has been beheaded by the Satsuma Clan, the Satsuma Domain, as the head of the responsible family, also has the responsibility of lax teaching, so the new shogunate will remove the Satsuma Domain and turn the Satsuma Domain into a direct subordinate of the shogun.

Article 3: China and Japan implement a policy of reciprocal visa-free personnel, under which Chinese can freely settle and live in Japan with Chinese passports, and during their stay in Japan, Chinese enjoy the same rights and treatment as Japanese samurai; Similarly, Japanese people can also come to settle in China with a Japanese passport issued by the shogunate, and Japanese people enjoy the same treatment as Chinese citizens during their stay in China.

This visa-free settlement period has a time limit, which is different from the two countries, among which the visa-free settlement period for Chinese in Japan is 30 years, and the free settlement period for Japanese in China is three years. Otherwise, they will be repatriated.

For example, the Japanese in China, when the time for free settlement is up, they must go to the Beijing Civil Affairs Bureau to certify their passports, that is, to stamp their passports, and if the Chinese are in Japan, they must go to the shogunate's town to certify their passports, the same is stamped, this method mainly depends on whether you violate discipline and law, if you break the law while living in another country, you will be forcibly repatriated.

Other than that. Chinese who committed crimes in Japan could not be tried by the local government of Japan, but had to be escorted to Osaka Prefecture, where they were under the supervision of Chinese consular officers and tried by the Shogunate in accordance with the decrees of the new Shogunate.

In the same way, the Japanese broke the law in China and were under the supervision of the Japanese consul. The trial is conducted by a Chinese judge in accordance with Chinese law.

Article 4 Japan shall exercise bilateral most-favored-nation status for the Chinese Empire, China and Japan will recognize each other as the most-favored-nation countries in trade, and the products of the two countries will enter each other's countries. All enjoy the treatment of zero tariff on trade.

Article 5: With immediate effect, China and Japan will form the Greater East Asia Military Mutual Assistance Alliance, referred to as the Asian League. The armies of the Allied countries were open to each other for military access, which meant that Japanese troops could move freely and garrison troops in China. Chinese troops can also move freely and garrison troops in Japan.

The Asian League will set up an Asian League Command, which is only responsible for the coordination and overall planning of the armed forces of the member countries in peacetime, and does not have the right to control the member countries of the Asian League. In the event of a war situation, the armies of the member countries of the Asian Union must unconditionally obey the command of the Asian Union Command.

In addition, once one of the member countries of the Asian League has a state of war and declares war on a country outside the alliance, the other member countries of the alliance must unconditionally join the war, declare war on the declared country, and accept the command of the Asian Union Command.

Article 6 The three cities of Kagoshima Port, Hyogozu (Kobe), and Kanagawa (Yokohama) are opened as Sino-Japanese friendship and free trade special administrative regions, and the ownership of the three special zones will still be in the hands of the Japanese Government, but the Chinese administrative system will be implemented, and even the governors of the special zones will be Chinese, but they will be appointed by the shogunate.

These six articles are the basic content of the Edo Treaty, and in name it was an unequal treaty that was created to resolve the Yoshidaya incident.

You know, this treaty looks very fair on the surface, after all, there are many things in it that are on both sides, but in fact they are good for China and unfair to Japan.

For example, the mutual visa exemption policy, Chinese enjoy the treatment of samurai in Japan, which shows that Chinese are a privileged class in Japan, and the number of Japanese samurai itself is not large, so this is equivalent to turning most Japanese into second-class citizens and Chinese into first-class citizens.

Chinese can live freely in Japan for 30 years before applying for an extension, but Japanese people in China have to apply for an extension every three years, which actually increases the difficulty of living in China in disguise.

As for the mutual trial under the supervision of their own consular personnel, China is powerful, and the shogunate was originally supported by the Chinese, and it is absolutely impossible to want judicial fairness. Not to mention, the samurai class in Japan is privileged, and they are not responsible for killing civilians, and on this basis alone, the Chinese are undoubtedly a privileged class, even higher than the status of Westerners in Japan.

The fourth article, the most favored nation treatment for trade between the two sides, which is actually the two countries open to free trade with each other, but the problem is that Japan has almost no industry, and China's industry is rising, once the two sides implement tariff-free free trade, it will inevitably be China's industrial products crazy influx into Japan, when the Japanese people's daily necessities have to rely on Chinese manufacturing, and Japan has no industry, at most exports some agricultural products from China, for a long time, Japan has naturally become a source of cheap raw materials and a dumping ground for Chinese manufacturing, just like China's colonies.

Needless to say, the Asian League mentioned in Article 5 seems to be equal, but the Asian League is in the hands of the Chinese, and once China breaks out a war with other countries, Japan will automatically tie up China's chariot and send manpower and material resources to China.

Not to mention Article 6, what special administrative region, what ownership is still the shogunate, but to put it bluntly, it is a Chinese concession, but with a different name. It's just beautiful.

Of course, the good thing is that there is no obvious land cession clause in this treaty, and there is no reparation to China, which is already quite a good improvement compared to the draft conditions given by Li Hongzhang at the beginning.

It's not that Li Hongzhang doesn't want compensation, it's really that he knows that Sheng Haizhou has no money at all now, and it's useless for you to ask him for money, but it's better to be generous. Don't pay for it directly.

In addition, as soon as this treaty came out, especially the formation of the Greater East Asia Military Mutual Assistance Alliance, Japan was at least regarded as an ally; on the surface, Japan retained its independent state system and did not become a vassal of China like Korea, which can be regarded as a victory in Japan's current situation. At least Sheng Haizhou can give his subordinates an explanation.

Soon after Li Hongzhang and Katsu Haizhou agreed to each other, a formal signing ceremony was held on the third regimental day, and the signatories were Li Hongzhang and Katsu Haizhou, and each of them received a vote. The agreement was signed in duplicate in full view of the public, and photos were taken during the period as souvenirs and materials to show the fairness and strictness of the signing.

After the signing of the treaty. The 3rd Division of the Japanese Dispatch Army stationed in Yokohama specially sent a battalion to escort Li Hongzhang and the 5,000 shogunate guards of Katsu Kaishu from Edo Port to Osaka Castle. Then, an official ceremony was held at Osaka Castle to take the throne of the shogun, and a force of 3,000 men was sent to escort the shogun's envoy to Kyoto to formally request the emperor's enthronement.

While doing this, Sheng Haizhou also asked the puppet general to send orders to the local lords, demanding that the local authorities obey the rule of the new general, and in addition, with the help of the Chinese, he formed a new army and set up new departments to consolidate his rule.

Among them, it is worth mentioning the newly established organization called the Shinsengumi, which is actually a secret service agency, which is not a permanent institution of the shogunate, but an agency directly under Katsukaishu.

The difference between this organization and the new army is that the members of the Shinsengumi are all samurai, and at Katsukaishu's own expense, a group of ronin samurai was recruited near Osaka, a total of 600 people, whose duty is to maintain law and order in Osaka, in fact, to eliminate dissident minions, and to arrest the opposition who do not obey the new shogunate and Katsukaishu's rule, especially those who are in the rebellion.

The Shinsengumi can arbitrarily arrest any suspicious person, etc., whether you are a civilian, a merchant, or a samurai minister, as long as there is a suspicion, you can arrest someone. They also have their own courts and prisons, where they can try their own cases and hold prisoners, and those who are captured are held in their own prisons, and the town government is not allowed to interfere.

The leader of the Shinsengumi did not give it to Ryoma Sakamoto, but to a guy named Sasaki Kozaburo, who was originally a little-known young ronin who was only appreciated by Katsu Kaishu because of his self-recommendation, and quickly gave him a heavy responsibility.

The reason why Sakamoto Ryoma was not given was because Sakamoto Ryoma had already had a huge estrangement with Katsukaishu, because Sakamoto Ryoma did not agree with Katsukaishu's current approach, especially the Edo Treaty.

That's right, although Katsu Kaishu tried his best to tell his subordinates how successful the Edo Treaty was, how many benefits it brought to Japan, how much it avoided being annexed, etc., but it can only fool some ordinary people, and it is difficult to fool a person with a flexible head like Ryoma Sakamoto.

It was precisely because he could not accept the Edo Treaty that Sakamoto Ryoma left Katsukaishu, and although Katsukaishu felt sad, he did not leave any trouble and let Sakamoto Ryoma leave, but he also said that he did not want him to stand on the opposite side of himself, and if he became an enemy in the future, he Katsukaishu would not show mercy.

Ryoma Sakamoto also said the same thing, saying that if he met on the battlefield one day, he would not show mercy to his subordinates.

In fact, Sakamoto Ryoma was able to say this, and he had already indicated what he was going to do, and it was obvious that he was going to join the opposition against Katsu Kaishu, but I don't know if it was the Sayi faction or some other faction.

Although the loss of Ryoma Sakamoto, a good student, made Katsu Kaishu very sad, but another good news that followed quickly made him happy, this good news was that the emperor of Kyoto had officially issued an edict to publicly crown Tokugawa Yoshiki as the fifteenth shogun.

To be able to go so smoothly, of course, it is not that Emperor Xiaomei of Kyoto has any friendship with Katsu Haizhou, but purely because of the three thousand soldiers and horses who escorted the general's envoy.

You must know that these two thousand soldiers and horses are the troops carefully selected by Sheng Haizhou, and they can be regarded as the most capable descendants.

The key is that all of them are equipped with Chinese Huaxia-2 rifles and four Hua-2 field guns; in terms of equipment, the whole of Japan can be said to be unparalleled at present, and its combat effectiveness is also quite good. Normally, the garrison of Kyoto, which is dominated by a thousand cold weapons, can't stop this army at all.

Of course, that's just that, the key is that there is another division here in Osaka, that is, the second division of the Japanese Dispatch Army, which has more than 13,000 people, fully equipped and well-trained, and all of them are volunteers. That is, the professional army, and the combat ability is beyond doubt.

Osaka and Kyoto are very close to each other, with such a fierce army in charge, and it is clear that they want to support Katsu Haizhou and the new general, and Kyoto is clearly a city with no defense, so the original defenders of Kyoto heard that the general's envoy and the 3,000 troops went to Luo, and they surrendered happily.

This frightened Emperor Xiaoming, and when the general's envoy came, he explained his intention. He also issued an edict in a humble manner, acknowledging that Tokugawa Yoshiki was the fifteenth shogun, and also agreed to the other party's move to Osaka Prefecture.

In this way, Tokugawa Yoshiki's shogun was considered to have the correct procedure. Whether it is the origin, status or process, all are correct, so that people can't make mistakes, in terms of righteousness. It can be regarded as a shun lì who took over the power of the Tokugawa family.

Of course, this is also related to the fact that Tokugawa Ieshige still has no news, if Tokugawa Ieshige is still alive. I'm afraid it's not that easy.

However, even if Tokugawa Ishige is still alive, it's just a trouble, because Katsu Kaishu can say that Tokugawa Ishige is being held hostage by someone and can't help himself, or that you are a fake, anyway, there are excuses.

Fortunately, there is no news of Tokugawa Ieshige, nor any news of Sanjo Minoru, and now that the emperor has clearly issued an edict to officially appoint Tokugawa Yoshiki as the fifteenth general, then even if Tokugawa Ieshige comes out again, it will be useless.

In this way, with the support of the Chinese and the crisp and decisive actions of Katsu Haizhou, it took just over a month for Katsu Haizhou to grow from an ordinary general with a precarious position to a new dictator in Japan.

In just over this month, Katsukaishu not only destroyed Edo and eliminated the previous general, but also single-handedly supported the new general, and in the name of the new shogunate, signed an Edo treaty with China on behalf of Japan, using this seemingly fair traitorous treaty, completely hugged the thigh of the Chinese, and then moved the capital to Osaka Prefecture, really becoming a powerful minister!

However, Katsu Haizhou's reputation is not very good, and ordinary people in Japan are just ordinary people, but people of insight in Japan scold him secretly.

At the same time that Katsukaishu had just helped Tokugawa Yoshiki obtain the emperor's edict, a wave of opposition from all over Japan finally broke out, and local feudal lords who refused to recognize the new shogun sprung up everywhere, and many of them even openly raised the banner of rebellion and openly opposed the new shogunate controlled by Katsukaishu.

Of course, only a few remote feudal lords openly opposed it, and most of the feudal lords remained silent, that is, they neither openly opposed the new shogun, nor did they obey the orders of the new shogun, no longer followed the system of visiting and confessing, no longer let their daimyo go to Osaka Prefecture every year to rotate their residences, and even many feudal lords openly violated the decree of one country and one city, and began to build castles and train new troops in their own domains, and began to plan for the troubled times in the future.

In other words, although Sheng Haizhou has gained a lot of power in a short period of time, in fact, his troubles have just begun, and there is still a long way to go before he can gain real power.

Moreover, Katsukaishu's current territory seems to be quite small, controlling Osaka Prefecture, Kyoto, Nagoya, Kanagawa and Satsuma Domain, but this is all retained by relying on the strength of the Chinese, and Katsukaishu lacks its own core army.

His 5,000 men were just like the same goods, and they didn't make the climate, so he went to great lengths to borrow money to build a new army as soon as possible, no doubt to consolidate his guns.

However, the training of the new army was not achieved overnight, although with the support of China's financial resources and ordnance, he recruited a new army of 5,000 people at one time, but in order to form a combat effectiveness, it would take at least three or four months, during this time, Sheng Haizhou's only hope was the Chinese army, and those recruited ronin special agents.

In other words, now is the most dangerous time for Shenghaizhou, once he can't support it, then the achievements he has worked so hard to make before can collapse at any time.

It is precisely because he understands this that he is willing to sign the Edo Treaty with the Chinese, which is not to say that he does not know the evil intentions contained in this treaty, but in fact he has no choice, because it is impossible for him to act alone without the protection of the Chinese.

Of course, it's not just Sheng Haizhou who is in trouble now, but the other person responsible for causing this qiē. That is, Li Hongzhang, China's plenipotentiary envoy to Japan, is now also in trouble, and this trouble is not from Japan, but from the British envoy to Japan.

The British envoy to Japan, Ali Guo, was very angry, and there was only one reason for his anger, that is, he felt that he had been tricked by the Chinese.

The reason is very simple, what was originally promised was to attack the Choshu Domain together, and even the territory was divided, but as a result, the troops of Britain, the United States and France were all ready. The war was about to start, but when I looked back, I heard that the Chinese colluded with the Japanese to turn against the Japanese and eliminate the former shogun of the shogunate, and then quickly supported a new general, and took the opportunity to let Japan sign an Edo Treaty with China, allowing the Chinese to make a lot of money on Japan.

The others are fine, but Ali Guo just met with Li Hongzhang some time ago, and helped that Sheng Haizhou persuade Li Hongzhang to send troops to the Changzhou Domain as soon as possible. Don't procrastinate, but turn around and pit him together, what's the matter?

Ali Guo didn't have such a good temperament, and he realized that he had been tricked. He directly found Li Hongzhang and directly expressed his dissatisfaction with an angry expression and a high voice.

"You are deceit, deception!" Ali Guo waved his fist and said. "Is this still an ally? Is this still a partner? Do you still have our British Empire in mind? Could it be that you really want China and Britain to be completely hostile? ”

"How so?" Li Hongzhang said with a smile. "The friendship between China and Britain has been recognized by the two countries' high-level officials, and our two countries have frequent exchanges and a wide range of cooperation. Mr. Special Envoy, don't be alarmist. ”

After listening for a long time, Ali Guo understood the words of the translator, and after listening, Ali Guo frowned and continued to say in a loud voice: "Special Envoy Li, you don't need to say those useless and beautiful words, what you have done in Japan has already violated the bottom line of Britain, and you have not only violated the bottom line of our British Empire, but also the bottom line of other countries, you had better think carefully before speaking." ”

"Sorry, I really don't understand what you're talking about." After listening to the translator's words, Li Hongzhang spread his hands, "We didn't say that we wouldn't fight the Changzhou Domain with you, but it just dragged on for a little time." Other than that, I really don't know where to cross your line. ”

"Edo Treaty!" "Do you dare to say that this treaty is not the product of your intentions? ”

"Yes and what." Li Hongzhang directly admitted, "But this treaty was signed one-on-one between our Chinese government and the new Japanese government, and the conditions in it are all aimed only at us China and Japan. Can you point that out? ”

"You!" Ali Guo was dumbfounded for a moment, because judging from the Edo Treaty alone, Britain really had nothing to blame, after all, as Li Hongzhang said, it was only against China and Japan, and it was a treaty signed between the Chinese government and the new Japanese government.

"So, I really don't know what you're angry about." Li Hongzhang smiled, "This is the agreement signed between our Chinese government and the new Japanese government, are you in the interests of Britain, well, the treaty you signed with the previous shogunate, as far as I know, the new Japanese government will continue to abide by it, so I really don't know why you are angry, is it because of red eyes?" ”

After listening to the translator's words, Ali Guo clenched his fists, but he didn't know what to say next.

That's right, Ali Guo is so angry, mainly because he was tricked, which is an emotional unacceptability, after all, although he intellectually accepted the rise of China, he is still a racist in his heart, still looks down on the Chinese and the Japanese, and now he is jointly played by them, how can he not be angry?

Of course, the red eye is also another factor, because the benefits that China has reaped in Japan are too great, if he used to know not much because of time, but now, he has learned a lot, not to mention that the benefits of the Edo Treaty to China made the British red, even if the oil and water that the Chinese fished in Osaka and Edo before, it also made Alikoku's eyes red.

Well, in just two months, the Chinese have fished so much silver on the Japanese, the key is to fish for silver and other benefits, but they British have so far invested more in Japan and returned less, which is completely incomparable with the profits obtained by China in Japan.

In fact, before coming to Li Hongzhang, Ali Guo went to Katsu Haizhou, originally wanting to compare the Edo Treaty and re-ask the new Japanese government to sign a similar treaty with Britain, but what is infuriating is that Katsu Haizhou directly refused.

The reason for Sheng Haizhou's refusal is very simple, they are now a member of the Greater East Asia Alliance, and the decision they make cannot be decided by themselves, but must take into account the decision of the alliance leader, that is, China, and he can only agree if China agrees to Japan to open more benefits to Britain and sign a new treaty, otherwise, it can only be business as usual.

In this way, the A-Li Kingdom immediately understood that as soon as the Edo Treaty was signed and the Greater East Asia Alliance was established, it was clear that Japan would become a protectorate of China. Can we make some money together in Japan?

It is precisely because he understands this, and feels that he has been tricked, that Ali Guo is so out of control and angry. (My novel "Time and Space Smuggling 1859" will have more fresh content on the official WeChat platform, and there will also be a 100% lottery gift for everyone!) Open WeChat now, click on the "+" sign in the upper right corner to "add friends", search for the official account "qdread" and follow, hurry up! (To be continued......)