To tell the truth, Wang Yi did not know much about the history of Central Asia, only knew that there were territories there from the Western Han Dynasty to the Western Jin Dynasty, and then gradually lost them, and then they were recovered again by the Tang Dynasty, and then lost again, and changed hands several times in the middle, until the Qing Dynasty returned again. In order to understand the details, Wang Yi specially invited experts in this area, and after some inquiry, he had a general idea.

In the more than ten years before and after Wang Yi's crossing, there was an Agubai Rebellion in Xinjiang, and later Zuo Zongtang went to pacify Xinjiang, although it was a success in the end. However, because of the intervention of Russia, the Qing Dynasty lost a large area of territory west of Yili. In later life, the rabbit regained a small piece of territory in the Pamirs, but it was still too little compared to what was lost.

Speaking of the Agubo Rebellion, we cannot fail to mention the Great and Small Hezhuo Rebellion during the Qianlong period, which was the last battle in the Qing Dynasty's unification war.

Originally a term for the descendants of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, he means holy descendant, which is the same as the Arabic word for Sa'id, and later referred to a person of high morality. And in Kashgar, that is, Shule, one of the four towns of Anxi in the early Tang Dynasty, Kashgar in Xinjiang in later generations, and Zhuo refers to the Kashgar and Zhuo families of the Baishan faction in the Hui Department of Xinjiang.

Da and Zhuo are two brothers, although they are called Kashgar and Zhuo family, they are not natives of Xinjiang. Their ancestors were the leader of the Naqshbandi sect in Central Asia, Mahdomi Azam, whose real name was Ahmad Qasani. Mahdumi Azam is his honorific title, which means "Great Teacher". As for going back to who the ancestors were, there are different opinions. The descendants of Mahdomi Azamu later split into two rival factions, the Black Mountain faction and the White Mountain faction. In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the Montenegrin faction and Zhuo received the support of the Yarkand Khan royal family and became the Muslim religious leaders of the southern Tianshan Road in the Western Regions. At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the leader of the Baishan faction, Mamut Yusubu, came from Central Asia to Kashgar (present-day Kashgar) to preach, and was later expelled by Yarkand Khan and the Montenegrin faction. His son, Ida Yatulllah, first traveled to Gansu and then to Tibet, where he sought the support of the Dalai Lama and the Mongolian Dzungar Ministry.

Speaking of which, he also became the leader of the party, leading the Dzungar Khan Galdan to the Yarkand Khanate, and finally overthrew the rule of the original Khan king Ismael. A puppet regime was propped up. Idayatulla himself expelled the leaders of the Montenegrin faction in Yarkand and began to call him "Apak and Zhuo". And the Kashgar and Zhuo families, that is, the Apak and Zhuo families, began to officially appear on the stage of history.

With the rise of the Apak and Zhuo families, Idayatulla was at odds with the rulers of the Yarkand Khanate, and the two sides later made a big move. Around 1692, Apak and Zhuo defeated Yarkand Khan Mahamat Emin and took control of Kashgar, Yarkand and other places. Two years later, Apak and Zhuo died, and a power vacuum began, and the Kashgar region was caught in the chaos of Yarkand Khan, the Baishan faction, the Gilligis (Brut), and the Burks in various places.

When Arabutan succeeded Dzungar Khan, the southern Tianshan Road was placed under his direct rule, and none of the descendants of Hezhuo of the Black Mountain and Baishan factions were left behind, and all of them were moved to the area of Ili (now Huocheng County, Ili Prefecture) and imprisoned. When Galdan Tseling was in power, he appointed the Montenegrin faction and Zhuodaniel to manage the affairs of Yarkand, Kashgar and other places. At this time, Apak and Zhuo's grandson Mahammut had died in captivity, and his two sons, Polonidu and Hojizhan, were imprisoned in Erling Habilga, northeast of Ili, under the care of the local Dzungar Zaisang Abagars and Hadan brothers, and the two imprisoned brothers were Daxiao and Zhuo.

In 1755, when Qianlong put down the Junggar rebellion, Polonidu and his younger brother Huoji occupied more than 30 people to join the Qing army. After the pacification of Ili, the Qing Dynasty ordered them to return to southern Xinjiang, appease the old ministry, lead the Uyghur people, and take charge of Islamic affairs.

However, then there was the Amur Sana Rebellion, who was originally the left deputy general of Dingbian when the Qing army pacified Dzungaria, and after the rebellion was quelled, the main force of the Qing army retreated. Because he coveted the throne of the Dzungar Khanate, Amur Sana defected on his way to Rehe, and later captured Yili with a group of men, but was quickly pacified. Desperate, he fled west to the Kazakh Khanate, which we call Kazakhstan, but because of a falling out with the Khan there, he was forced to run to Russia, and died of pox not long after.

It's just that he doesn't care about this trouble, the small and Zhuo Huo Jizhan among the big and small Zhuo brothers began to start thinking of becoming the king of themselves, and the big and Zhuo Poloni were more peaceful and self-contained, but later they were implicated by their own brothers and had to embark on the road of rebellion against the Qing Dynasty.

Because this place has been in constant war since the Apak and Zhuo families came, people's hearts have been distorted, and the grass on the walls has become a habit. Therefore, when the Qing Dynasty armies arrived one after another, although they experienced some twists and turns, the strength of the size and Zhuo was not comparable to the Qing Dynasty at this time, so the rebellion did not last long and was eliminated. And the size and Zhuo saw that the general trend was gone, so they took their families with them, and after looting some belongings, they began to flee with the west

They chose two destinations, one was the Kokand Khanate and the other was the Badak Mountains. The former is a Central Asian power, but after the letter, the other side did not respond. The latter, located in later Afghanistan, became the only option. And the big and small Zhuo just stop here, and after resting, they go to Hindustan (southern Kashmir and northern Pakistan). At this time, the strength of the Qing Dynasty was still very strong, and it was rumored to the khanates of Central Asia, and the two were wanted. The tribes of the Bardock Mountains region did not dare to provoke the Celestial Empire, and later killed them in order not to cause trouble for themselves.

Because the two men were descendants of Islamic prophets, the imams of the tribe objected to the sacrifice of their bodies, and even threatened the tribal patriarch to go to the holy land of Mecca to complain, but this did not change the determination of the Qing Dynasty to end the trouble.

Xiaohe Zhuo Huo Jizhan had no sons, while the sons of Yamato Zhuo Bo Nidu were taken back to the Qing Dynasty, but the Qing court did not embarrass them and sent them back to Beijing and incorporated them into the Zhengbai Banner.

The problem was that Polonidu had a son named Samsak, who had intended to do the same, but when it was discovered that this man had been transferred, Samsak himself was frightened and fled to Huntus (Kunduz in later Afghanistan). Later, he was controlled by the Kokand Khanate, and although the Qing court persuaded him to return to China several times, he was unsuccessful.

The British had planned to help him restore the country, but Samsak died in 1820, and his son Zhang Ge took over his unfinished business, and with the help of the Kokand Khanate, there was another rebellion of Zhang Ge, but it also ended in failure, and Zhang Ge became a prisoner.

As for the Agubo we mentioned earlier, this person was sent by the Kokand Khanate to oppose the Qing Dynasty, in order to support Zhang Ge's son Busuluk and seek to seize Xinjiang. Unexpectedly, stealing chickens did not lead to rice, and the Bukhara Khanate took this opportunity to destroy the Kokand Khanate.