Chapter 888: Concentration of power
Zheng Xunrui's measures are obviously to centralize power, in his opinion, such a huge world, if power can not be concentrated, it is impossible to really do things, of course, the negative effects of power concentration also exist, which needs to be overcome by the system, if you are thinking about what topics such as democracy and freedom, it will definitely not work, what democracy and freedom you are looking forward to in a large country with more than ninety percent of the population is illiterate, isn't it making people laugh off their teeth.
The law of historical development over several thousand years also shows that power politics is the most in line with today's reality.
Therefore, Zheng Xunrui decided to completely reorganize the cabinet, and at the same time to determine the responsibilities of the cabinet with a clear system, the cabinet also adopts the principle of democratic centralism, but the focus is on the centralization of the back, so as to facilitate the implementation of decision-making, the cabinet chief assistant must have extraordinary ability, at least know the grassroots affairs, except for the first batch of cabinet ministers, the ministers who can enter the cabinet in the future must have more than five years of experience as chief officials in Fuzhou and counties, and have outstanding political achievements, and have won the support and love of the people.
As a result, all officials above the third rank of the imperial court must have the experience of serving as chief officials in Fuzhou County, and the time limit is also five years.
Cabinet ministers are 70 years old, of which the first assistant and the second assistant of the cabinet can be extended to 72 years old, and the age of officials below the age of 65 and officials below the third rank is 62 years old, and the age of officials specified by the Ministry of Ministers is not allowed to exceed 60 years in principle.
Cabinet ministers may serve for no more than 10 years from the time of their appointment, and the first and second assistants to the Cabinet may serve for no more than 12 years.
And so on, the chief officials of various departments of the imperial court, and the chief officials of the local government, including the governor, the prefect, the prefect and the prefect. Likewise, the period of continuous service shall not exceed 10 years.
The only exception is Dali Temple, which does not follow this time limit for office.
Civil and military officials, including Zhengyipin, shall not be more than 75 years old.
For officials after Zhishi, their salaries are still provided by the imperial court.
This decision made by Zheng Xunrui completely changed the channels and ways for the formation of the cabinet, and the Hanlin Yuan was the most important place for the selection of cabinet ministers in the past. Cabinet ministers don't necessarily need to do things in Fuzhou County, as long as they can enter the Hanlin Academy and become a Shujishi, then they will become a reserve cabinet minister, but now they can't, and they can't enter the cabinet at all without the experience of being a chief official in Fuzhou County.
This move is by no means to exclude officials in the imperial court, in fact, what Zheng Xunrui admires most is the kind of officials who have experience as officials in provincial capitals, prefectures and counties, as well as in the central government, and they have rich experience. Far-sighted, able to grasp the key points in doing things, and also know the many shortcomings in officialdom, and know how to overcome and solve these problems.
From the position of prefect, prefect and prefect, it is impossible to become a cabinet minister overnight, and even the governor is a little difficult, and these chief officials must have a grinding process when they enter the imperial court. Or after becoming an official in the court, he continued to serve as a governor in the local area. Prepare for entry into the Cabinet.
The role of the Hanlin Academy is also very great, because the Hanlin Revision, Hanlin Revision, and Shu Jishi who have been honed here are very likely to directly serve as local governors and counties, and then be promoted step by step, and eventually enter the cabinet.
Zheng Xunrui's decision makes it almost impossible for young people to become cabinet ministers. Because any cabinet minister needs to go through a lot of grinding, and these grinds take time.
Officialdom needs fresh blood, except for some special departments, such as Dali Temple. In this place dedicated to hearing cases, the rest of the local personnel need to be constantly moving.
This is a decision that must be implemented after the concentration of power, and if an official serves in a certain position for too long, there will inevitably be many relationships, which is easy to breed corruption, and even the Metropolitan Procuratorate cannot avoid it all the time.
The first day of August in the seventeenth year of Chongzhen, the first day of August in the first year of Ruiyuan.
The emperor's decree came down, and the decree was in two parts, one decree clarified the many departments of the imperial court, as well as the departments of the provincial capitals, prefectures and counties, including their functions, and the other decree appointed cabinet ministers, both of which caused a huge sensation.
The Imperial Court abolished the matter, and all its functions were merged into the Metropolitan Procuratorate, prohibiting impeachment by chasing after the wind and shadows, even if it was the impeachment of the Metropolitan Procuratorate, there must be basic facts, the Metropolitan Procuratorate has set up special institutions in the provincial capitals and prefectures, and all have special personnel, who are responsible for supervising the local officials, which are directly under the jurisdiction of the Metropolitan Procuratorate, and the local government cannot interfere, and at the same time, the Metropolitan Procuratorate is directly responsible to the emperor, and the cabinet must not interfere in its government affairs.
The provincial-level institutions retain the governor's yamen, abolish the provincial administrative envoys and the capital command envoys, the governor's yamen is in charge of the civil affairs of the whole province, and retain the criminal envoy department to exercise judicial matters, which are not under the control of the governor's yamen, but are directly controlled by the Dali Temple, and are directly responsible to the emperor.
The first military region was set up in Beizhili and was in charge of all military affairs in Beizhili, Shandong and Liaodong, the second military region was set up in Shaanxi and was in charge of military affairs in Shaanxi, Shanxi and the grassland, the third military region was set up in Yingtian Province and was in charge of all military affairs in Yingtian, Henan and Zhejiang, the fourth military region was set up in Fujian and was in charge of all military affairs in Fujian, Jiangxi and Guangdong, the fifth military region was set up in Sichuan and was responsible for all military affairs in Sichuan and Huguang, and the sixth military region was set up in Yunnan and was responsible for Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi for all military matters, the Seventh Military Region was established in the Usizangdu Division.
The number of troops stationed in the seven military regions is uncertain for the time being, and it will be determined after the situation has completely stabilized.
The capital set up the Governor's Office, the Zheng Jiajun General Soldier served as the Metropolitan Governor, and the General Soldier of each military region served as the Governor, and the seven military regions were all under the dual leadership of the Governor's Office and the Military Department, and the local government was not allowed to interfere.
The Governor's Mansion and the seven military regions are under the direct jurisdiction of the emperor, and only the emperor can make decisions on the adjustment of the candidates for the governors and the adjustment of the general troops of the seven military regions, and no one else can decide on their own.
The governors of Jiliao, the five provinces, and the three governors were abolished, and all their original functions were assumed by the seven military regions.
Fuzhou County has not changed much, and it will be implemented in accordance with the original rules.
The much-talked-about cabinet was formed in the second decree.
Xu Wanghua, the secretary of the household department, Yang Tingshu, the secretary of the Ministry of Rites, Zhou Yanru, the secretary of the criminal department, Xiong Wencan, the secretary of the Ministry of War, Gan Xuekuo, the secretary of the Ministry of Industry, Wen Zhenheng, the emperor of Zuodu, and Zheng Jinhong, the chief soldier of the Zheng family, formed the cabinet.
Xu Wanghua served as the first assistant of the cabinet, and Zhou Yanru served as the second assistant of the cabinet.
Wen Kun served as the secretary of the ministry.
Liang Xingli served as the head of Dali Temple.
Li Yan was appointed governor of Shaanxi, Yang Yipeng was appointed governor of Shandong, Xu Jikuang was appointed governor of Sichuan, Lin Zonghui was appointed governor of Huguang, Wu Weiye was appointed governor of Yingtian, Luo Changluo was appointed governor of Jiangxi, Zhao Danyu was appointed governor of Zhejiang, Huang Huixu was appointed governor of Guangdong, Li Changshun was appointed governor of Guangxi, Li Panlong was appointed governor of Guizhou, Shi Kefa was appointed governor of Fujian, Ma Kuifeng was appointed governor of Yunnan, and Gu Menglin was appointed governor of Shuntian Mansion.
Hong Xintao was appointed commander-in-chief of the First Military Region, Hong Xingui was appointed commander-in-chief of the Second Military Region, Yang He was appointed commander-in-chief of the Third Military Region, Liu Zeqing was appointed commander-in-chief of the Fourth Military Region, Wang Yuncheng was appointed commander-in-chief of the Fifth Military Region, Zheng Kaitao was appointed commander-in-chief of the Sixth Military Region, and the commander-in-chief of the Seventh Military Region was temporarily vacant.
The second holy decree has attracted great attention, and there is one of the most critical places, that is, the holy decree mentions the steppe tribes and the Houjin, divides the grassland tribes into Inner Mongolia and Outer Mongolia, and sets up the governor of Inner Mongolia and the governor of Outer Mongolia respectively, and the governor is temporarily vacant, Inner Mongolia includes the Tumut tribe, the Turpan tribe, the Ordos tribe, the Chahar tribe and the Horqin tribe, and Outer Mongolia includes the seven tribes of Outer Khalkha, Mughal and Oirat.
As for the Later Jin, the current Great Qing State is also included in the Holy Decree, and the Nuergan Province was established, and the governor was temporarily vacant.
Also temporarily vacant is the province of Uszang, where the governor has not been appointed for the time being.
The amount of information revealed by the two edicts was so great that the discussion between the court and China lasted for more than a month.
What excites everyone the most is that the emperor decisively included the Houjin and the grassland into the scope of the Ming Dynasty, which requires not only domineering, but also strength, it is conceivable that once the imperial court is completely stabilized, the Zheng family army will start another round of expeditions, this expedition, not only to completely exterminate the Eight Banners Army, but also to completely conquer the grassland tribes.
The abolition of the imperial court department has also caused a lot of discussions, at least everyone understands that the system of speech and officials that has lasted for many years has completely disappeared this time, and it has been replaced by the strict supervision of officials by the Metropolitan Procuratorate, and the provincial capitals and prefectures must send the Metropolitan Procuratorate to supervise the imperial history, and these supervision of the imperial history must be adjusted at any time, and the supervision of officials in one place shall not exceed three years.
As for the promotion of officials, it is a reflection of the rule of step-by-step promotion, the possibility of ascending to the sky in one step has basically disappeared, seniority and experience have become very important, in principle, only those who have served as governors can enter the cabinet.
With the increase in discussions, there are more and more people who admire the emperor.
The cabinet ministers who have been promoted under such a system, as well as the officials above the third rank of the imperial court, are basically aware of the following situation, even if they want to be arbitrary, there is no possibility, not to mention the supervision of the Metropolitan Procuratorate all the time, even if you have the ability, you can't serve in the same position for more than ten years.
The first and second assistants of the cabinet have only been in 12 years.
There is also a limit on the age of service, once the age is exceeded, then it is necessary to be a senior.
Many people began to calculate the time, and finally deduced that there are many possibilities, that is, it is basically difficult for the cabinet ministers to serve for eight years, including the first and second assistants of the cabinet, unless there are special circumstances.
By analogy, it is also difficult for officials above the third rank of the imperial court, including the governors of various provinces, to hold office for eight years.
Zheng Xunrui also heard about these calculations, and he did not make any comments. (To be continued.) )