Plough the acres

The image of Zhuge Liang created by Tang Guoqiang in the CCTV version of "Romance of the Three Kingdoms".

Zhuge Liang was born in the fourth year of Emperor Guanghe of the Han Dynasty (181 AD) in a family of officials in Yangdu County, Langxi County, Zhuge is the Wang family of Langxi, the ancestor Zhuge Feng was a lieutenant of the Western Han Dynasty when Emperor Yuan, Zhuge Liang's father Zhuge Gui did Taishan County Cheng in the late Eastern Han Dynasty; Zhuge Liang's mother Zhang died of illness at the age of 3, Zhuge Liang lost his father at the age of 8, and his younger brother Zhuge Jun followed his uncle Zhuge Xuan, who was appointed by Yuan Shu as Yuzhang Taishou, to Yuzhang to take office, the Eastern Han Dynasty sent Zhu Hao to replace Zhuge Xuan's position, Zhuge Xuan went to Jingzhou Liu Biao, Zhuge Liang's cultivated land is still controversial, one said that it was in Nanyang Wolonggang, and the other was said to be in Longzhong, twenty miles west of Xiangyang City.

In the second year of Jian'an (197), Zhuge Liang's uncle Zhuge Xuan died of illness; Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty had escaped from Li Dao in Chang'an and moved to Cao Cao's Xu County. Zhuge Liang was 16 years old at this time, and he liked to read "Liang's Father's Yin" on weekdays, and often compared himself with Guan Zhong and Le Yi. It is known as "Wolong". He had friends with Xiangyang celebrities at that time, such as Sima Hui, Pang Degong, and Huang Chengyan. Huang Chengyan once said to Zhuge Liang: "Wen Jun chooses a wife; There are ugly women, yellow heads and black heads, and they are a match. (I heard that you were going to choose a wife, and I have an ugly girl in my family with yellow hair and dark skin, but her talent is matched with you.) Zhuge Liang promised this family affair and immediately married her. At that time, people made fun of it as a joke, and the township even made a proverb: "Don't be a Kong Ming to choose a woman, just get an ugly girl."

Longzhong pair

Zhuge Liang of Three Kingdoms 12

"Longzhong Pair", formerly known as "Caolu Pair", is the content of the conversation between Zhuge Liang and Liu Bei at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, selected from "Three Kingdoms, Shu Zhi, Zhuge Liang Biography". From the winter of 207 to the spring of 208, Liu Bei, who was stationed in Xinye at that time, visited Zhuge Liang three times at the grass house in Longzhong at the suggestion of Xu Shu. I didn't see Zhuge Liang the first two times, but I finally saw him for the third time. In "Longzhong Pair", Zhuge Liang analyzed the situation in the world for Liu Bei, and proposed to take Jingzhou as his home first, and then take Yizhou as a full-fledged trend, and then try to take the strategic concept of the Central Plains. After visiting the thatched cottage three times, Zhuge Liang came out of the mountain to become Liu Bei's military advisor, and all the strategies after Liu Bei's group were based on this.

The Battle of Chibi

Zhuge Liang in the board game "Three Kingdoms" (Standard Edition)

At that time, Liu Biao's wife Liu Qi's stepmother Cai repeatedly slandered, and Liu Biao gradually became displeased with Liu Qi. Liu Qi asked Zhuge Liang several times for advice on self-security, but every time Zhuge Liang refused, Liu Qi used the strategy of going up to the house to draw the ladder during a banquet to make Zhuge Liang say a solution, and Zhuge Liang asked Liu Qi rhetorically: "You don't see Shen Sheng inside and is in danger, and heavy ears are outside and safe?" (Don't you see that Shen Sheng was in danger inside during the Spring and Autumn Period, but Chong'er (referring to Duke Wen of Jin) was safe outside?) At that time, Huang Zu was killed by Eastern Wu, and Liu Qi recommended Jiang Xia to protect himself. In August of the thirteenth year of Jian'an (208), Liu Biao died of illness, and his second son Liu Cong succeeded him. After Liu Bei learned the road in Fancheng, he led his army and people to flee south, and Cao's army caught up with Liu's army at Dangyang Changsaka.

Liu Bei arrived at Xiakou, and Sun Quan sent Lu Su to observe the situation before, and suggested to Liu Bei to ask Sun Quan for help, Zhuge Liang recommended himself to Chaisang as a lobbyist and became friends with Lu Su; After arriving in Chaisang, Zhuge Liang met with Sun Quan and first used the dichotomy to give Sun Quan two choices: "If you can use Wu and Yue to contend with China, it is better to kill them as soon as possible (if you can use the military strength of Wu and Yue to compete with the country of the Central Plains, it is better to break off diplomatic relations with Cao Cao as soon as possible)"; Another option is to provoke the generals, "If you can't do it, why not bind your armor and do it in the north!" (If you think you can't resist, why don't you stop the military campaign and pay homage to the north!) "North" has a double meaning here: one is that Cao Cao was in the north at the time; The second is that when the monarch and the courtiers meet, the courtiers usually face north. Sun Quan asked Zhuge Liang rhetorically, why didn't Liu Bei surrender. Zhuge Liang raised Liu Bei's value, saying that Liu Bei had integrity and would never surrender, in order to show Sun Quan Liu Bei's determination. Sun Quan was furious and vowed not to surrender to Cao Cao, but he was worried about how many troops Liu Bei still had to fight. Zhuge Liang analyzed the situation of the two armies after the last time, first said that there were 10,000 people in the return of the stragglers of the army and Guan Yu's army, plus Liu Qifan's Jiangxia soldiers were not less than 10,000, and then said that the Cao army was tired from afar, and when he chased Liu Bei, he traveled more than 300 miles in a day and a night with light horses, which was "the end of the strong crossbow, and it was impossible to wear Lu Min"; Moreover, the northerners are not accustomed to water warfare, and the people of Jingzhou are forced to obey Cao Cao, not convinced; In the end, he affirmed that Cao Cao would definitely be defeated. Sun Quan was very happy, and later was persuaded by Lu Su and Zhou Yu to join forces with Liu to resist Cao, and sent Zhou Yu, Cheng Pu, Lu Su and others to lead 30,000 naval troops to start a war with Cao Cao.

Zhuge Liang returned to Liu Bei with the army; In November, Cao Cao's army was attacked by Sun and Liu's allied forces in Chibi, and there was a plague in the army, so he was defeated and returned to the north.

Enough food and foot soldiers

Zhuge Liang in the new version of "Three Kingdoms" in 2010 (played by Lu Yi)

After the Battle of Chibi, Liu Bei pacified the four counties of Jingnan in December, appointed Zhuge Liang as the general of the military division, lived in Linhao, and supervised the three counties of Lingling, Guiyang and Changsha, responsible for adjusting taxes and enriching military resources. In the sixteenth year of Jian'an (211), Yizhou Mu Liu Zhang sent Fa Zheng and Meng Da to ask Liu Bei to assist Zhang Lu. Zhuge Liang and Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun and others guarded Jingzhou. By December of the following year, Liu Bei broke with Liu Zhang and attacked Chengdu. Zhuge Liang and Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun and others went to Shu to help, leaving Guan Yu to be responsible for the defense of Jingzhou, dividing troops to pacify the counties and counties, and besieging Chengdu with Liu Bei. In the nineteenth year of Jian'an (214), Liu Zhang surrendered, and Liu Bei became the ruler of Yizhou.

Zhuge Liang received 500 catties of gold, 1,000 catties of silver, 50 million catties of money, and 1,000 horses, and was appointed as a military general, acting as the general of the left general's office.

Whenever Liu Bei sent troops to conquer, Zhuge Liang was responsible for guarding Chengdu, providing Liu Bei with enough food and soldiers, such as the Battle of Hanzhong, providing aid for Liu Bei.

In the first year of Emperor Yankang of the Han Dynasty (220), Cao Pi usurped the Han Dynasty and became independent. In the second year of Wei Huang Chu (221), the ministers heard the news of the murder of Emperor Xian of Han and persuaded Liu Bei, who had become the king of Hanzhong, to ascend the throne as emperor, but Liu Bei did not agree, and Zhuge Liang persuaded Liu Bei with the story of Geng Chun's lobbying of Liu Xiu to ascend the throne. So Liu Bei agreed, and let Zhuge Liang be the prime minister, record the book, and fake the festival; In the same year, Zhang Fei was killed, and Zhuge Liang took the post of lieutenant.

Tuogu

In August of the second year of Zhang Wu (222), Liu Bei was defeated on the way to recapture Jingzhou on the way to the east and retreated to Yong'an, Zhuge Liang sighed: "It's a pity that Fa Zheng died, otherwise Liu Bei's eastward expedition would have been stopped." ”

1994 CCTV version of "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" Bai Di Tuogu

In February of the third year of Zhangwu (223), Liu Bei was seriously ill and summoned Zhuge Liang to Yong'an, and entrusted the future affairs with Li Yan. If the heir can be supplemented, it will be supplemented; If you are not talented, you can take it yourself. [Your talent is ten times that of Cao Pi, and you will definitely be able to settle the country and eventually achieve great things.] If the heir (Liu Chan) can assist, he will assist him; If he doesn't have the talent, you can do it yourself. Zhuge Liang wept and said: "The minister dares to do his best, be loyal to the festival of chastity, and then die!" Liu Bei asked Liu Chan to regard Zhuge Liang as his father.

In April, Liu Bei died, Liu Chan succeeded him, named Zhuge Liang as the Marquis of Wuxiang, and opened an official office. Soon, he received Yizhou Mu again, and Liu Chan relied on Zhuge Liang for all major and small affairs in political affairs, and Zhuge Liang decided. Originally, the Nanzhong region took the opportunity to rebel due to Liu Bei's death, and Zhuge Liang did not send troops because the country had just lost its monarch, but sent Deng Zhi and Chen Zhen to Eastern Wu to repair.

Fighting in the south and in the north

Southern Expedition

Until the spring of the third year of Jianxing (225 years), Zhuge Liang led the army to the south, before leaving, Liu Chan gave Zhuge Liang a golden jade, a curved cover, a front and rear feather Bao preached, and 60 tigers. After Zhuge Liang went deep into the barren land (idiom: no hair for today's northern Burma Bamo) crusade against Yonghong, Meng Huo, Zhuge Liang took the advice of joining the army Ma Yan, focusing on attacking the heart, first defeated the Yonghong army, and then captured seven longitudinal Meng Shu, until the autumn to calm all the chaos. After Shu Han settled in Nanzhong and obtained a certain amount of military replenishment, after a long period of accumulation, there was a foundation for the Northern Expedition.

Northern expedition

1. In the spring of the sixth year of Jianxing (228), Zhuge Liang raised his voice in advance to take the Xiegu Road to take the city, and asked Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi to set up suspicious troops to attract Cao Zhen's heavy troops, and he led a large army to attack Qishan (now northwest of Xihe County, Gansu Province). The three counties of Nan'an, Tianshui and Anding in Longyou were anti-Wei and attached to Shu. Zhang He refused, and broke the horse in the street pavilion. Zhuge Liang Baxi County more than 1,000 families returned to Hanzhong. This is the first time out of Qishan. 2. In the winter of the same year, Zhuge Liang went out of Sanguan (now southwest of Baoji City, Shaanxi Province) to encircle Chencang (now east of Baoji City, Shaanxi Province), ran out of grain and returned to Hanzhong. Wei chased Wang Shuang and was beheaded.

3. In the spring of the seventh year of Jianxing (229), Zhuge Liang sent Chen Shi to attack Wudu (around Chengxian County, Gansu Province) and Yinping (around Wenxian County, Gansu Province). Yongzhou assassin Guo Huai led troops to rescue him, Liang went out to Jianwei (now west of Xihe County, Gansu Province), Guo Huai retreated, and then won the two counties.

Zhuge Liang in the 1994 CCTV version of "Romance of the Three Kingdoms".

4. In the autumn of the eighth year of Jianxing (230), the Wei army attacked Hanzhong in three ways, Sima Yi went to Xicheng (now northwest of Ankang City, Shaanxi Province), Zhang He went to the Meridian Valley, and Cao Zhen took the Xiegu Valley. Zhuge Liang garrisoned Chenggu (now east of Chenggu County, Shaanxi Province) and Chisaka (now 20 miles east of Yangxian County, Shaanxi Province). After more than 30 days of heavy rain, the Wei army retreated. In the same year, Zhuge Liang sent Wei Yan and Wu Yixi into Qiangzhong, and broke the Wei general Fei Yao (Yao) and Yongzhou Assassin Guo Huai in Yangxi (Nan'an County, in the southwest of Wushan in present-day Gansu Province).

5. In February of the ninth year of Jianxing (231), Zhuge Liang led a large army to attack Qishan, and began to transport it with wooden oxen. When Cao Zhen was seriously ill, Sima Yi supervised the generals in the Guanzhong to refuse. Zhuge Liang cut wheat in Shangqi (now Tianshui County, Gansu Province). Sima Yi chased Liang to Lucheng (between Tianshui City and Gangu in Gansu Province today), dug the camp and defended himself, and there was a ridicule of "fearing Shu as fearing a tiger". In May, Zhuge Liang made Wei Yan, Gao Xiang, and Wu Ban refuse, and broke Sima Yi, and the Han army won the first 3,000 ranks, 5,000 Xuan armor, and 3,100 crossbows, so King Xuan Sima Yi returned to the camp. In June, Li Yan was returned due to poor grain transportation. Zhang He chased Liang and retreated to Mumen, and was killed by an arrow - this is the second out of Qishan.

6. In February of the twelfth year of Jianxing (234 years), Zhuge Liang led the army out of the Xiegu Road, according to Wugong Wuzhangyuan (now Qishan South, Shaanxi Province), Tuntian in Weibin, during which Zhuge Liang repeatedly sent envoys to write war letters, and to the ornaments of women and women, in order to anger King Xuan Sima Yi, but Sima Yi could not bear the humiliation, and calmed the anger with the clever plan of "thousands of miles to ask for war".

Died

In August, Zhuge Liang died of illness in Wuzhangyuan. Yang Yi and others led the army back, and there was an incident of "dead Zhuge scared away the living Zhongda".

Of these six use of troops, only two were out of Qishan; The fourth time was that the Wei army took the initiative to attack, the Shu army defended, due to heavy rain for several days, flash floods, washed away the plank road, Shu Wei did not fight.