Zhang Xianzhong was enlightened by Gao Yingxiang, so it was inconvenient to say anything, but in his heart he did not agree with the opinion of going to Beijing, in fact, Li Zicheng did not agree with his uncle Gao Yingxiang, and the big leader Wang Ziyong wanted to invade the Gyeonggi region, now it is not only a problem of lack of food and clothing, but since the army entered Shanxi, it has not encountered a large number of officers and soldiers to encircle and suppress, this is a very abnormal thing, Li Zicheng has always felt that something is wrong, but what is wrong, he can't say!

Compared with Hong Chengchou, the current leaders of the rebel army can be completely blown up by Hong Chengchou's IQ alone!

Cao Wenzhao, Sun Chuanting and Qin Liangyu sat in the residence of Zhenxun Building, and the four of them surrounded the fire and talked in a whisper, in fact, Zhu Youzhen, the emperor of Chongzhen, didn't say anything, and he didn't want to say anything, thinking about what would happen after he was reborn, and felt that something was still wrong.

After he was reborn, if he couldn't go back to modern times, maybe it would be better than the current situation, just because he could return to modern times, and he could improve the science and technology of the Ming Dynasty again and again, so that he would focus on it, and he didn't completely focus on the reform, and he didn't completely focus on the change, he originally had a very strong confidence when he was just reborn, because at that time, he focused on the change!

Chongzhen Emperor Zhu Youzhen believed that relying on his many years of political experience in modern times and his analysis of ancient and modern political reforms, he was capable of leading the entire country out of the predicament. So that he can return to modern times again. And it can go back to the modern era. In the past three years, although he has made some scientific and technological achievements, because the focus is not completely on politics, it has slowed down the progress of his reform!

It can also be said that his position is not firm enough, or that if he changes anyone, once he finds that he can have a faster shortcut, no matter where the shortcut leads. It's hard to hold on to yourself!

Chongzhen Emperor Zhu Youzhen's shortcut to modernity can allow him to quickly obtain science and technology, and can quickly obtain large-scale weapons of destruction, which is very difficult for people to calm down and engage in any reforms, to engage in what system, those things, how cumbersome, Chongzhen Emperor Zhu Youzhen looked at the legal provisions that he sorted out from modern times that are higher than people, and it is very clear that he once thought about giving up the reform! Once the Ming Dynasty is allowed to survive the food shortage as a whole. The overall use of lethal weapons of great destruction has given the military a one-sided advantage, and what kind of system has its practicality. For him, it doesn't matter!

This is human inertia, even if the willpower is strong like Chongzhen Emperor Zhu Youzhen, there is also inertia, inertia is one of the basic characteristics of human nature!

Qin Liangyu, Cao Wenzhao, and Sun Chuanting are all very talkative, with similar ideas, and they all have a heart loyal to the court and the royal family, which makes them very close.

Shang Ying's reform, Wang Mang's reform, Wang Anshi's reform, and Zhang Juzheng's reform are known as the four major changes in ancient China. Among these four major changes, only the Shang Yang reform did not have "people die and politics abolished". Why is it that only Shang Ying's reform is like this, and the other changes have ultimately failed?

In orthodox education, the reasons for the success of the Shang Dynasty reform are as follows:

1. Conform to the development trend of the historical trend.

Second, a series of specific and effective measures have been formulated.

3. Dare to struggle against the old forces.

Fourth, win the trust of the people and win the trust of the people

5. The support of the monarch.

But when you think about it, it's wrong. The above characteristics are not only possessed by the Shang Yang Method, but also other Methods. The above answer is too superficial.

The reasons for the success of the Shang Martingale reform are as follows:

1. The old nobles of the Qin State were the weakest. Among the "Seven Heroes of the Warring States", Qin was the latest to be founded. Before the formal establishment of the Qin state, Qin's territory was called the "Land of Xirong", which was a place where ethnic minorities lived; After the founding of Qin, the state of Qin has always been in a state of "Yidi mixed living". Before the Shang Dynasty reformed the law, Qin was the poorest and weakest state. Therefore, in the Qin State, the old noble forces were the weakest, and the resistance to changing the law was the least.

Second, the king's support is strong. When Shang Ying changed the law, he received the full support of the monarch, and it can even be said that Cheng dù "obeyed his words". Even the prince didn't give face.

3. The time when the law change will take effect. Shang Ying began to change the law in 356 B.C., and in 338 B.C., Shang Ying was "split" by King Qin Hui in Tong, destroying the Shang monarch's family, and the Shang Yang reform has been implemented for a total of 18 years.

Eighteen years, even if you have a child now, you are already an adult, and you are more likely to have become a father in ancient times. This is long enough time for the new interest classes that benefited from the new law to come to court and gain a firm foothold, or at least to gain the strength to confront the old interests to ensure that the new law is not repealed. Moreover, as the new law continues to be implemented, the new interest classes will become more and more powerful, and the old interest classes will become weaker and weaker, and eventually replaced by the new interest classes.

Of course, the above three points are only auxiliary reasons. Chongzhen Emperor Zhu Youzhen believed that the following two points were the most fundamental reasons for the success of the Shang Dynasty reform.

Fourth, the establishment of government credibility.

What is the most terrible thing about a government? It is not a "political crisis", it is not an "economic crisis", and it is not a "military crisis". What can fundamentally ruin a government is a "crisis of confidence". The story of Shang Ying's "City Gate Standing Wood" is basically familiar to everyone. It was in this way that Shang Ying established the credibility of the reformist government he represented, and made the view that "Shang Jun changed the law and said one thing and the other" was deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. Later, "the prince made a mistake, and the prince was punished" deterred all officials from strictly implementing the new law, so that the law change could be implemented smoothly.

And what about the other three?

The "Zhang Juzheng reform" is first of all that the reformers themselves died too quickly and did not receive strong support from the royal family.

"Wang Mang's reform" has almost become synonymous with "change of the order of the day".

As for the "Wang Anshi Change", not to mention, even Wang Anshi himself is "executing in disguise" in order to crack down on political enemies.

You must know that the most famous political phenomenon in China since ancient times is that "there are policies at the top, and there are countermeasures at the bottom". If the reformers themselves cannot strictly enforce the law without deviation, then when the decree of the law change is finally implemented on the people, I am afraid that the decree has been changed beyond recognition by the "countermeasures".

What is even more serious is that if the reformers and the reformers themselves represent the reformer government are not able to establish the credibility of their own government among the general public, then ordinary people will not be able to distinguish whether these decrees are the will of the reformers or the "countermeasures" of the officials. The people will only regard these laws that have been "countermeasured" as the laws of the reformers.

This situation will eventually lead to the reformer becoming the target of public criticism.

Fifth, the differentiation of old interest classes and the establishment of new interest classes.

Chongzhen Emperor Zhu Youzhen believed that this was the most important fundamental reason why the "Shang Dynasty Reform Law" did not have "people die and government abolished".

If we carefully analyze the content of Shang Ying's reforms, we will find two very interesting decrees.

1. Encourage military merit and implement the 20th rank system

2. In addition to the Shiqing Shilu system, the nobles of the clan are encouraged to establish military merits

The biggest deprivation of the interests of the old noble forces by the Shang Dynasty reform was to "abolish the Shiqing Shilu system and implement the 20th class military merit system".

What is the "Shiqing Shilu System"?

The Shiqing Shilu system refers to the appointment of hereditary nobles to various official positions according to the distance of blood relations, and it is passed down from generation to generation.

Qing is the title of a high-ranking official in ancient times. Shiqing is a nobleman under the Son of Heaven or the princes and monarchs, from generation to generation, after the death of the father and the son, and he is re-elected as a high-ranking official like Qing. Lu is the enjoyment of the officials. Shilu is the succession of generations of officials, father and son, who enjoy the land they have been enclosed and the income from their taxes.

In other words, the "Shiqing Shilu system" is similar to the "iron rice bowl" system of "fixed salary" that was implemented after the founding of the People's Republic of China.

If it weren't for the end of the world, the troubled times, in fact, in the late Ming Dynasty, when the capitalist society had already sprouted, it would really be twice the result with half the effort! Chongzhen Emperor Zhu Youzhen's confidence is being reinvigorated! (To be continued......)