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A hydropower plant is a comprehensive engineering facility that converts water energy into electrical energy. It includes a series of hydropower station buildings and various hydropower station equipment installed for the production of electricity from hydropower.

The drop of the concentrated natural water flow in these buildings is used to form a water head, collect and regulate the flow of natural water flow, and transmit it to the water turbine, which converts the concentrated water energy into electrical energy through the joint operation of the water turbine and the generator, and then feeds the electric energy into the power grid through transformers, switch stations and transmission lines.

In addition to the buildings required for power generation, some hydropower stations often have other buildings that serve the purpose of comprehensive utilization such as flood control, irrigation, shipping, timber and fish. The complex of these buildings is called a hydroelectric power station hub or water conservancy hub.

These are all written in Baidu Encyclopedia, but Huangshi himself is the first time to personally walk into the inner core of the hydropower station, and he can't help but be a little excited, because it is also a dream of fulfilling his childhood, when he was a child, he was in a small valley in his hometown, and such a small hydropower station was built at that time, and the head of the water was estimated to be more than 70 meters, but the installed scale of power generation is estimated to be less than this hydropower station.

Because the amount of water in the stream in my hometown is very small, but the mountain is relatively high, and the aqueduct from the mountain to the foot of the mountain is more than 60 meters high. Once he and a few children went to the hydropower station to play, the hydropower station factory was not allowed to enter, someone suggested that we should all climb to the top of the mountain along the aqueduct at the foot of the mountain, the children were naturally not afraid of the sky and the ground at the beginning, one by one scrambling to climb up.

But halfway up the climb, a few small stones were blown down from the mountain and smashed the head of one of the children, and his crying sound caused Huangshi, who was climbing above him, to look back and look down, and found that the hydropower station below was so small and the people were so small, so he was a little dizzy, and since then he has been left with a slight fear of heights.

Because there is a stone staircase half a meter wide on both sides of the aqueduct, the staircase is extended at a 60-degree angle to the upper part of the water, not only is there no railing on both sides, but there is no iron lock like the Yellow Mountain, and the wind on the mountainside is a little urgent, and when they blow past the ears, they will whine.

These children were in a dilemma, looking at the height of thirty or forty meters below, and there was a distance of more than thirty meters above, the wind seemed to tear people down the stone ladder, they could only lie there, and then it seemed that their strength was also drained, and the cry of such a child became a chorus of all the children, until this cry led the staff in the hydropower station out.

Although immediately after Huangshi, they were all taken over by the staff in the hydropower station, one by one from the aqueduct halfway up the mountain. The rest of the world is unknown, but when he got home, he had nightmares of stepping on a tumbling boulder in the void for several days, and when he grew up, if he saw that there was no strong railing outside, he would have weak hands and feet, and his palms would sweat.

Since then, the hydropower station has become a loophole in his soul, and he has never dared to set foot in it again, that is, a few times when classmates from other towns came to his house to play, and when he proposed to go there to play, he would find all kinds of reasons to shirk it, so he really had never seen the internal structure of the hydropower station.

……

As soon as he entered the main plant Huangshi thought that he would be able to see the hydro turbine unit, although he had seen N times on TV, but the specific object had not been seen, and he couldn't help but be a little curious, but who knew that the hydropower station was in front of the main plant, and the glass door was specially separated from a small exhibition room.

When I walked in, I saw a banner hanging on the wall on the left, which read "Welcome...... Leaders came to guide the ...... installation and commissioning of small hydropower stations", apparently the leaders did not leave for a few days, otherwise this banner would have been torn down a long time ago.

There is a booth in the middle of the glass room, and the booth is covered with a glass frame, as if there are all kinds of yellow, red and traffic lights flashing inside, and I take a closer look, on the left is a small hydropower station scale-down model, and on the right is a large sand table where the small hydropower station is located.

Look at the wonderful Weixiao made of the big sand table, the green water and green mountains and white hydropower station, a silver stream hovers in the mountain, and finally it is built at the end of the waterfall with a high gorge dam, and then from the dam out of a diversion pipe, it is directly pulled to the power station below the foot of the mountain, and then there are several high-voltage line towers on the mountain next to it, and they are implicated with high-voltage lines.

On the hills on both sides of the hydropower station and the blank space in the square in front of its station, there are also red paper-cut place names and factory names pasted, and the most interesting thing is that in the blank space next to it, Chairman Mao's "water tune song head" is also pasted. Swimming", Huang Shi looked at it, and only felt that "cut off the clouds and rain of Wushan, and the high gorge out of Pinghu" is somewhat appropriate, as for the rest, hehe.

The model made according to the scale of the small hydropower station is even more realistic and vivid, it is divided into three layers, which represent the aqueduct on the upper part of the mountain, the middle part of the hydropower plant part, and the lower layer represents the hydro turbine unit, aqueduct, spillway and other parts at the bottom of the dam.

Although this delicate model is also made of transparent fiberglass, it is like a cake on the side of the triangle has been cut away, Huangshi walked to see, it turned out that it was specially designed to allow visitors to see the interior of the factory more clearly.

"That's interesting." Huang Shi laughed, bowed his head and bent over to watch with relish. It turns out that in the model, all kinds of pipes and wires are represented by transparent hoses of different colors, and in the water pipes that represent the direction of the water flow, there are also tiny light bulbs, which Huangshi saw from the outside just now, which are flickering, representing the endless flow of water.

"Ugh." I didn't expect that a person as big as Huangshi would like a child, like these gadgets, and look at them with flying eyebrows.

"Excuse me, is this what you did for them?" Huang Shi straightened up and asked Dan Forget, he saw that the model of this hydropower station was very practical, and each production step was marked very clearly, indicating that it was not a simple prop model appearance, and it was different from the antique warship model that Qi Ye was making, and people had a real process in it.

"Well, we didn't do that." Forgetting to see that Huang Shi seemed to be very serious, he continued, "Then I'll help you ask them." ”

"Okay, thank you, hehe."

"Lao Huang, don't be so polite."

After a while, he walked back from the faint forgetfulness of asking and said to Huangshi, "I asked them, and they said that there is a Liuyang River model production company in the province, which specializes in the production of this kind of model, not only hydropower stations, but also wind farms, chemical plants, water conservancy projects, etc. ”

After speaking, he smiled and said, "I think you may need it, and I also asked for their address and phone number for you, you can see for yourself." Then he handed Huang Shi a piece of paper, which wrote the address, phone number, and contact person of the model company, which was very detailed.

"Thank you so much." Huang Shi took a look, folded the paper in half, and put it in his jacket pocket, which might have been used one day.

"What is there to thank, Lao Huang, you are just too polite."

Forget to shake his hand, and then said to Huang Shi, "By the way, Lao Huang, didn't you say in the morning that I would explain to you the basic knowledge of the hydropower station, do you want to start now?" ”

"yes, thank you so much. You say. ”

"Hehe, look at it, what I just said is coming again, okay, then I'll start with the components of the hydropower station."

Originally, reservoirs were generally reservoirs formed by buildings that retained and discharged water, and hydropower station water diversion systems, power generation plants, mechanical and electrical equipment, etc. The high-water level water from the reservoir flows into the plant through the water diversion system to drive the hydro-generator sets to generate electricity, and then feed it into the power grid through step-up transformers, switching stations and transmission lines.

Hydropower stations can be divided into four categories according to the nature of the water source used, one is the conventional hydropower station, also known as the dam hydropower station. The second is the Shilongba Hydropower Station, which uses natural rivers, lakes and other water sources to generate electricity. The third is the pumped storage power station, which uses the excess power in the load valley of the power grid to pump the water from the lower reservoir at the lower place to the upper water storage at the high place, and releases the water to generate power when the load of the power grid is at its peak, and the tail water is sent to the lower reservoir, so as to meet the needs of the power load such as peak regulation of the power grid. The fourth is the tidal power station, which uses the potential energy of the water level difference generated by the ebb and flow of the tide to generate electricity.

There are also two types of natural runoff regulation methods, run-of-river hydropower stations with no reservoir or very small reservoirs, and storage hydropower stations with a certain regulation capacity of reservoirs. According to the regulation cycle of hydropower station reservoirs, it is divided into multi-year regulation hydropower station, annual regulation hydropower station, weekly regulation hydropower station and daily regulation hydropower station. The annual regulation hydropower station is to store the water in the wet season of the year for power generation during the dry season. The meaning of hydropower stations in the rest of the regulation period is analogous.

According to the power generation head, it is divided into high-head hydropower stations, medium-head hydropower stations and low-head hydropower stations. There is no uniform regulation for all countries in the world. In China, power stations with a head of more than 70 meters are called high-head power stations, power stations with a head of 70~30 meters are medium-head power stations, and power stations with a head of less than 30 meters are low-head power stations. According to the installed capacity, it is divided into large, medium and small hydropower stations.

"It's so complicated." Huang Shi shook his head, after listening to the situation of the hydropower station that he forgot to mention, this hydropower is really a university question, he doubted that those people under his command would have to go through many years of experience accumulation before it was possible to build such a small hydropower station, but he was afraid that he would not be able to rely on his own stealing and construction drawings.

At present, the plan to build a small power station using the diversion type of power generation method with small flow rate and large drop is really bankrupt, unless one day, he can kidnap a group of qualified engineering personnel from this modern society, and he can't help but start thinking about the possibility of this kind of "let them be pierced by the group" action.