Chapter 443: Financial Rectification
In China's thousands of years of history, it can be said that the land reform of that dynasty, including the land reform after 1949, has failed to completely solve the land problem, and it has always erupted every once in a while. In fact, there is only one core to truly solve the land problem, that is, industrialization, and other things that confiscate land and rent restrictions are nonsense and cure the symptoms but not the root cause.
Only large-scale industrialization can enable the people to obtain sufficient income from industry and commerce, even more than farming, can truly solve the land problem.
And this method has nothing to do with land ownership and has nothing to do with land policy.
Of course, it is too early for China to talk about large-scale industrialization, so Zhao Dongyun has to do something to cure the symptoms rather than the root cause in order to alleviate the domestic land problem.
This rent restriction order was his first step, and he was ready to implement a series of policies in the future, he did not require that every peasant own the land, but only that the peasants under his rule would harvest enough grain to feed themselves when they rented the land and cultivated.
The purpose of doing this is to ease the contradictions, not to resolve them.
What Zhao Dongyun needs now is not a large-scale land movement, what he needs is the word 'stable dìng', only a stable rear environment, he can concentrate all his energy to play this domestic hegemony, if there is any problem every day, then he does not have to fight.
On the land issue, Zhao Dongyun appears cautious, but he has always been very radical in the rectification of the financial system.
Since he took charge of Mukden in 1905, his fiscal policy has been very radical, reining in the financial power of local governments, unifying the power of tax collection to the central treasury, and collecting tax revenues, part of which is handed over to the state treasury, the so-called national tax, and part of which remains in the localities, that is, local taxes. At the same time, large-scale integration of taxes has integrated many harsh taxes and miscellaneous taxes into several simple taxes, for example, the taxes borne by farmers have been simplified from several or even a dozen in the past to one type of agricultural tax, and commercially it is also common to use the two main taxes of business tax and value-added tax to replace the previous centiaries and various assessments.
Although the regular taxes borne by the ordinary people have been greatly increased, there are no various assessments and miscellaneous taxes, and the burden on the ordinary people has actually been reduced.
The right to collect taxes is returned to the central government and the types of taxes are the two core policies of the Soviet finance. The purpose of the former is quite simple, and it is extremely important for the Soviet finances, why the former Qing Dynasty is so tragic in modern times, it can be said that an important reason is that the central financial power is below, so that the local governors have independent financial power, and this is unacceptable for any normal country, the central government in the former Qing Dynasty wants to do something, and they are still begging for the following governors.
Zhao Dongyun didn't want this kind of problem to occur in the country he ruled, so when he was in charge of the three eastern provinces, he began to collect the finances and return to the central Ministry of Finance, which was even more obvious after moving into Beijing, and he successively rectified the financial system of Zhili, Henan, Shandong and other provinces, and the core was to take back the financial power, especially the power to collect taxes, to avoid letting local governments interfere in the financial power.
Taking Luanzhou City, Yongping Prefecture, which is under the Tangshan Administrative Office, as an example, this heavily industrialized city that has risen rapidly in recent years, has relied on the Tangshan Industrial Company as the leader to create the Tangshan Industrial Development Zone, and its financial revenue of this county-level city has exceeded the 10 million mark last year, and it is known as the first rich city in China.
However, in the process of collecting tens of millions of taxes in Luanzhou City, in fact, it has nothing to do with the local government of Luanzhou, and it is directly collected by the Luanzhou Finance Bureau under the Ministry of Finance, and the Luanzhou Finance Bureau is not under the management of the Luanzhou Municipal Government, but directly under the management of the Ministry of Finance.
After the Ministry of Finance collects Luanzhou's taxes, most of them will be directly handed over to the state treasury, and some will be allocated to the local government of Luanzhou for municipal construction and administrative expenditures. The distribution of national and local taxes is not according to a fixed amount of tax, but according to proportions.
In other words, the better the local government develops the local economy, the more taxes the Ministry of Finance collects, and the more local governments get from the Ministry of Finance, which leads many local governments to strive to develop the local economy.
After the Fengjun army moved south to the Jiangnan region, the financial rectification work of the Soviet system naturally followed up in the Jiangnan area, and the most important of them was naturally Shanghai.
As the largest city in contemporary China and the largest city in the Far East, Shanghai still has unobtrusive development potential, although most of its best areas are in the concessions.
It is an established fact that Shanghai is an important economic place, and what the Soviet system has to do now is to put Shanghai's financial system in order, so that Shanghai's huge financial resources can be integrated into the Soviet system's finances, and contribute their own strength to the financial construction of the Soviet system and to the expansion of the Feng army.
In addition to finance, the leading officials of the Shanghai Municipal Government dispatched by the Soviet Union also began to plan to emulate Huludao, Yingkou, Tangshan and other places, and prepare to engage in large-scale industry.
Shanghai's original industrial base is relatively good, especially the raw silk industry is very developed, this year's Chinese raw silk industry, mainly around Shanghai, the farmers in the south of the Yangtze River planted mulberry silkworms, those merchants purchased silkworms from the farmers, most of these silkworm cocoons are flowing to the major silk reeling factories in Shanghai, after the silk reeling factories produce a large number of raw silk, those foreign companies to purchase, and then export to Europe and the United States.
Shanghai's industrial base and transportation environment are very conducive to the development of industry, and it is not surprising that those high-level Shanghai officials newly appointed by the Soviet Union want to show their skills in Shanghai in order to win political capital.
The Soviets' rectification of the Jiangnan region was not limited to Shanghai, but also the entire southern Jiangsu, southern Anhui, and northern Zhejiang.
Just when Zhao Dongyun was dealing with a large number of administrative affairs in the country, the pace of Feng's army to the south did not stop, and the Fourth Army led by Meng Enyuan quickly moved south, and soon conquered Jingdezhen and a series of important cities in northern Jiangxi.
At the same time, Lu Yongxiang's first army also launched a large-scale offensive against Jiujiang, the geographical location of Jiujiang is relatively special, it is located in the Yangtze River, Panyang Lake junction, the north of Jiujiang is the Yangtze River, the east of Jiujiang is Panyang Lake, in addition, the west of Jiujiang is Bali Lake and many other water network lakes, it is impossible to pass the army at all, only the south of Jiujiang is land, but the south of Jiujiang is Lushan.
To put it bluntly, Jiujiang is a city surrounded by mountains and rivers, and it is very difficult to take the city by relying only on the army, not to mention anything else, it is very difficult to cross the Yangtze River or Panyang Lake alone.
In order to take Jiujiang, a strategic city in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, the Soviet Feng Army vigorously cooperated with the naval and land armies, which was also the second strategic cooperation between the two armies after the Battle of Wusong in Shanghai.
The navy sent most of the shallow gunboats that could be handled, as for the cruisers because of the deep draft, the channel down Nanjing is shallow and narrow, the navy top brass is afraid that there are only a few cruisers in the accident, so it is very tactful, but the attitude is very resolute to Zhao Dongyun yì, don't let those navy as treasure cruisers go to Jiujiang, stay in Shanghai, Jiangyin and other Yangtze River areas to protect the Yangtze River estuary, of course, in order to support the army's Jiujiang campaign, The navy will be equipped with shallow-water gunboats that can be used.
Zhao Dongyun considered that the shore artillery of the Madang Fort on the other side of the Jiujiang River was not much, and it could not be compared with the Wusong Fort in Shanghai, and even the Jiangyin Fort was stronger than it, and more importantly, Zhao Dongyun did not plan to let the navy fight the fort, and the task of conquering the Madang Fort would be undertaken by the army independently.
Once the army takes the Madang Fort, then the navy's warships can quickly advance west along the river and then enter Panyang Lake to provide artillery support for the subsequent army crossing the river and crossing the lake to land in Jiujiang.
So Zhao Dongyun agreed to the request of the navy not to send cruisers!
Although there were no cruisers, the navy transferred all the gunboats that could be mobilized to Jiujiang, and there were many transport ships along with the navy, some of which were transport ships of the Ministry of Munitions, and several of the navy's own transport ships, of course, more of them were small wooden boats that were collected and built temporarily, and these ships were all prepared for the landing of the Feng army in Jiujiang, and the total number of ships was already more than 200.
The 1st Division of Lu Yongxiang's 1st Army launched a timely attack on the Pengze Madang Fortress on the south bank of the Yangtze River, and in order to defend the Madang Battery, the Anhui Army sent the 6th Division of the Liangjiang Army, which had retreated to Jiujiang, to defend the place.
The first division of the Feng army and the sixth division of Liangjiang are also old opponents, these two troops were against each other for many months when they were in Anqing, and finally the first division took advantage of the east wind of the great victory in Jiangnan to take Anqing, but. Due to the relatively timely retreat, the Liangjiang Ninth Division did not suffer much losses.
Now the two sides have once again broken out a fierce battle for the ownership of Madang Fortress and the belonging of Jiujiang, and this time the battle is somewhat similar to the previous battle between these two troops, and it is also a little different.
First of all, whether it is the first division of the Feng army or the sixth division of Liangjiang, they are the main force of the second echelon in their respective systems, and they cannot be compared with the third division and the fourth division, but they are much stronger than the ordinary provincial army troops.
It is not an exaggeration to say that they are comparable, and it is not an exaggeration.
However, this time in the Battle of Anqing, the difference was that Lu Yongxiang was assigned to the First Heavy Artillery Battalion, and after the Jiangnan Campaign, the first heavy artillery battalion of the only two 100-mm cannon heavy artillery battalions in the Feng Army was assigned to the First Army, and the second heavy artillery battalion was assigned to the Fourth Army.
Now, Lu Yongxiang is leading the 1st Heavy Artillery Battalion and the 1st Division to launch an attack on Madang Battery.