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What exactly is the weapon that makes the Germans so wolf-bèi? This has to start from 1929, when the Soviet Union began comprehensive industrialization, and under Li Xiaofeng's order, NORINCO and Nokia also began to prepare for future wars, launching a series of weapons projects, such as the aforementioned Project 54.

Among them, a 630 project was launched specifically for the navy, in fact, according to the meaning of a certain immortal, it is a six-barreled 30mm Gatling gun project. However, when the project first started pre-research, it did not go straight to the six-barreled Gatling gun. A certain immortal still gave the engineers of NORINCO a certain degree of autonomy, and at the beginning this 630 project was actually just a code name for the shipborne small-caliber anti-aircraft artillery project.

Since 1929, around the 630 project, NORINCO has first started a series of technology introduction and cooperation. For example, the company introduced the manufacturing technology of small-bore body tubes from Switzerland's Erlikong and Sweden's Bofors.

Some comrades may find it strange, isn't it just a small-caliber rapid-fire anti-aircraft gun, is it difficult? Can't it be done with Russia's technological reserves?

Not to mention, there is really a certain degree of difficulty, the manufacturing technology of the artillery barrel, it is true that the larger the caliber, the higher the technical requirements. But in addition to the caliber, the double diameter is also of considerable significance to the manufacture of the body tube. Let's put it this way, the higher the multiplier, the more difficult it is. Although the caliber of small and medium-caliber rapid-fire anti-aircraft guns is not large (generally no more than 40 mm), its multiplier is very impressive. Generally more than sixty times the caliber. And this kind of small hole deep drilling technology has very high requirements for lathes. It's not just about lathes. The metallurgical technology requirements of the larger the diameter of the body itself, are also very high, anyway, Russia was really not strong in this aspect at that time.

However, Switzerland and Sweden are quite strong in this kind of high-precision machining and metallurgy, whether it is the famous Bofors 40mm anti-aircraft gun in World War II or the 20-mm anti-aircraft gun of Erikon, which are widely used by belligerent countries. After World War II, Erlikong made an epoch-making artifact GDF35 series of anti-aircraft guns. As for Bofors, the 40-mm anti-aircraft gun was also carried forward. Anyway, these two are leaders in this area.

In the early thirties, NORINCO fully introduced and absorbed the technology of these two companies, and it can almost be said that NORINCO completely inherited the technology of these two companies. Of course, the focus of absorption is also different. Anti-aircraft artillery was more inclined to Erikon, while large-caliber long-barreled artillery was based on Bofors.

Some comrades may be asking again, judging from the table of anti-aircraft artillery in World War II, Bofors seems to be stronger, why should he learn from Elikong?

To tell the truth, the technicians of NORINCO didn't understand it at that time, because this was Li Xiaofeng's hard requirement, and that guy couldn't look down on Bofors's 40mm anti-aircraft gun at all, and the Soviet Union had already copied this 40mm anti-aircraft gun, so why should NORINCO repeat the construction?

Li Xiaofeng believes that the performance of Bofors 40 is high. It may be appropriate to deal with the air threat in the early stages of World War II, but the later it will be. The 40 high is more powerless, and you don't see that at the end of World War II, in order to cope with the "kamikaze", the Americans directly engaged in 76 mm fully automatic anti-aircraft guns, the reason is that the Bofors 40 rate of fire and power are no longer enough.

Li Xiaofeng felt that judging from the future development trend, the traditional tube-withdrawn artillery was destined to fade out of the field of ship-borne small-caliber antiaircraft artillery, and in order to seize the commanding heights, preparations should be made as early as possible. What are the trends for the future? It's not a fully automatic Gatling cannon yet.

Therefore, in 1931, in the second phase of the project after the introduction of technology, Li Xiaofeng forcefully overturned a Qiē anti-aircraft artillery scheme based on the existing automatic principle, and NORINCO began to target the Gatling and Gast schemes. Needless to say, Gatling is a turner.

To put it bluntly, the Gast principle can be understood as a rifled rotating artillery, its basic working principle is to separate the weapon's feeding, loading, firing, shell throwing and other actions, in parallel, that is, the barrel does not rotate during the firing, but several chambers are driven by the runner to turn to the firing position of the barrel. At the same time as one chamber is fired, the rest of the chambers are unshelled and reloaded, so that the cycle time is shortened and the rate of fire is increased due to the automatic overlapping of the movements.

After a period of discussion and research, the Gast principle of automaticity was quickly abandoned, and although it was lighter, it could not reach the rate of fire expected by a certain immortal, and the life span was relatively short. The final project was determined to be a 6-tube 30 mm Gatling scheme.

Beginning in 1931, a long period of research and technical research was carried out around this anti-aircraft gun, and a series of problems were solved, and in March 1935, the first prototype gun was finally completed.

The gun uses six 30mm barrels and has a maximum rate of fire of 3,000 rounds per minute, which seems to be very close to the later AK630, but it is not a copycat version of the AK630. Because from the automatic means and ammunition, these are two very different artillery.

The prototype gun of the 630 project did not use the internal energy method of the AK630, but the external energy method, which was driven by an electric motor. Why wasn't a more Russian approach to internal energy adopted? The reason is that the internal energy vibration is large, which is not good for accuracy. As for the ammunition, the Russian 30×165 rounds were not used, but the 30×175 rounds, because there was more charge, the muzzle velocity was faster, the accuracy was better and the power was greater.

So Project 630 is completely different from AK630 artillery, even if Project 630 is still named AK630 later, but please note that these are two completely different artillery!

However, the sample gun does not mean that it can be installed and used immediately, the reason is very simple, the gun is out, but the artillery-related fire control system has not yet been completed, the radar Nokia and the Americans are still tackling key problems, the most optimistic estimate is that the prototype can be completed in October 1937, and Amitabha Buddha can be put into production in 1938.

After some research and discussion, NORINCO could only temporarily settle and downgrade the fire control of Project 630. Using the existing anti-aircraft artillery accusation system, it was improvised first. Of course. As a backup. The 630 project can also be operated manually, but that is very inefficient.

The first batch of pre-production AK630s were installed on the October Revolution for trial, and after more than half a year of practical use and dozens of live-fire target designs, the superiority of the gun was initially proven. In January 1936, the aircraft carrier Leningrad was docked for refit with the installation of 4 doors on the bow and stern gangways.

Besides, the Leningrad was also equipped with the Soviet version of the Bofors 40 gun, a 37-mm anti-aircraft gun with a total of 24 guns (quadruple set) installed on the bridge and gangway.

In fact, according to the opinion of the Armament Department of the Red Navy at that time. Originally, I didn't plan to purchase AK630, because this kind of artillery is terrifyingly expensive, and even if it is temporarily used to de-escalate fire control, it is sky-high. The Red Navy preferred relatively inexpensive 37-mm anti-aircraft guns. Even for this reason, the AK630 was attacked, the rate of fire was too fast and the shells were too wasteful.

But who made Li Xiaofeng have a high position and too much influence in the Red Navy, under his "insistence", the Red Navy could only endure the pain and hemorrhage to purchase the AK630 system. However, because of the relationship between production capacity and cost, AK630 can only be used on important warships for the time being, such as aircraft carriers, battleships, and cruisers, with the only exception being the Type 33 destroyer, which is actually regarded as a cruiser by the Red Navy, and the destroyer is also equipped with two AK630s in the middle of the hull. Of course, as an "air defense destroyer lead ship", there is a Type 33 destroyer. More equipped with 37-mm anti-aircraft guns, a total of 24 (quadruple installations) were installed. Thanks to the exaggerated length of the Type 33 destroyer, otherwise it would not be possible to stuff so many anti-aircraft guns.

Anyway, the Type 33 destroyer can be said to be a fire hedgehog, and as the sword escort of the Leningrad that day, the 8 130-gun watches of the Excellence were very average, and did not achieve any results worth mentioning. However, the small-caliber anti-aircraft guns it was equipped with were very powerful. During the day's air defense operations, the ship shot down 10 enemy aircraft in one go, including 5 Ju87, 2 Ju52 and 2 He111, as well as one Bf109.

Please note that these results were achieved when the ship's fire control radar was not in place, and if there was a high-performance fire control radar to cooperate, I am afraid that the Germans would have suffered even more losses.

Let's put it this way, almost not two of the German air formations returned to the airfield, and under the blows of the Yak-1 and the ship's anti-aircraft guns, the vast majority of them were shot down. Anyway, when the commander-in-chief of the Vulture Legion, Spiere, learned the news, he was really dumbfounded, why? Before the Deutschland only encountered two SB-2 and was almost blown out, according to his idea, 24 Ju86 and 12 Ju52 and 4 He111 were put into operation one after another, how could they also completely annihilate the Soviet fleet?

But the result was completely the opposite, the elite air attack force of the Vulture Legion was almost brutalized by others, what is going on?

The reason is very simple, first of all, some high-level leaders of the Red Navy attach great importance to air defense (Li Xiaofeng) and are equipped with more advanced air defense weapons, and the air defense efficiency is much higher than that of the German Navy's combination of 105 and Hand 37; Secondly, in the event of an attack, the defense level of the Red Navy ships was completely different from that of the Deutschland, the former was in a state of imminent battle, and the latter was in a state of suspension and death. If the Deutsche hadn't stopped at that time, the two SB-2s probably wouldn't have been able to achieve any results. Of course, the last and most important reason is that with the Leningrad, carrier-based aircraft taking off from aircraft carriers intercepted a large number of enemy planes, and German planes arrived on the battlefield one after another, which made the air defense operations of Leningrad and Excellence much easier.

Imagine if the Ju-87, He-111 and Ju-86 had attacked at the same time, the enemy killed from different airspaces would have the Excellence and Leningrad scrambling and would have been blown up.

After the war, Kuznetsov said in his summary of the battle: "Based on the experience of this air defense operation, the attack tactics used by the air attack formation will have a direct bearing on the outcome of the battle, and I believe that if dive bombers, torpedo planes, and high-altitude horizontal bombers can attack at the same time, it will greatly disrupt the effectiveness of the enemy's air defense operations...... On the contrary, our ship formations also need to fully study how to deal with enemy aircraft formations that enter and attack at different altitudes at the same time......"

The German air attack was thwarted, but this time the plan of retaliation, they did not only plan an air attack, and although Dreyer was ridiculed by Hitler, he did not abandon his plan of revenge.

On the same day, at the same time as the attack of the German air formations. The Kursk was also approached by a formation led by the light cruiser Leipzig and the auxiliary cruiser Italian Balleta. At this time. The ship has just set sail from Malaga and is preparing to return to Odessa. Halfway through. The unreasonable Germans and Italians surrounded it and demanded that the Kursk stop immediately for inspection.

In the face of the unreasonable demands of Germany and Italy, the Kursk naturally flatly refused, and just when the Kursk was actively maneuvering with the other side and asking for instructions from the superiors, the Italians could not wait to fire the first shot.

The Baleta opened fire first, frantically attacking the Kursk with two 102-mm guns, followed by Leipzig's 150-mm guns. For a time, there was a rain of bullets around the Kursk, and the hull of the ship was constantly hit by shells. But all the sailors on board refused to surrender. Returning fire on the enemy with the only light weapons until the ship was sunk.

In just 15 minutes, the Kursk disappeared into the waves of the Mediterranean, and most of the ship's sailors were killed in battle, and a few were captured by the Germans. After learning of the sinking of the Kursk, the Politburo was shocked, neither Trotsky, nor Stalin nor Sverdlov could have imagined that the Germans would be so crazy that they would attack unarmed merchant ships in a frenzy!

Of course, what surprised them even more was in the face of Soviet protests and condemnation. The Germans and Italians were indifferent, while Britain and France applauded not only in secret. It also actively used the public opinion under its control to justify Germany and Italy, saying that the Kursk was an armed merchant ship, that it was carrying prohibited materials prohibited by the League of Nations, and that it was the first to start the war.

Obviously, this is a blatant slander and bias, and in the face of such injustice, how should the Politburo respond?

"You can't just leave it at that! Germany and Italy must be punished and revenge for our crews! ”

Isn't it surprising that it was Trotsky who was the first to shout and shout to kill, and he, who had never been in favor of war before, was out of the way this time, and looking at his posture, it seemed that he wanted to declare war directly on Germany and Italy?

On the contrary, Stalin, who was very tough, hesitated: "Is it too risky to do this?" In the unlikely event of a full-scale conflict, this is not in line with our basic national policy of focusing on economic construction! ”

Trotsky replied angrily: "The present situation is one in which the trees want to be quiet and the wind does not stop, we want peace, we want to build our Fatherland, but our enemies want to provoke and destroy the present good situation." If we choose to tolerate and retreat, we will only make the enemy think that we are easy to bully, and it will become even worse. My opinion is that there must be a tough response, that those imperialists and their lackeys must be made to know that the USSR is not afraid of war! And once we start fighting, we can destroy them! ”

From the statements of Stalin and Trotsky, we can see that the inner world of these two men is quite interesting. The Iron Comrade, who is known for his toughness, is not as tough as he appears, and his toughness is more like a political tactic, a tactic he uses to bargain or exert pressure.

Trotsky is different, this person looks very bookish and even a little soft on the surface, but in fact he is more persistent, does not touch his bottom line, he can negotiate conditions or even compromise with the other party, but once his bottom line is touched, Lao Toll will strongly rebound, and even do not hesitate to use the most drastic means to counteract.

To use a common saying, Trotsky is a dog that can bite people, don't look at him usually silent, but once he is about to do it, it is really ruthless to death.

Why did Trotsky react so violently to the Germans? Because he has always been the more wary of the Nazis in the CPSU, he hated this group of racist bandits. Especially in the last year or two, the anti-communist role played by the Nazis on the international stage made him hate it even more, and he had long wanted to teach this mess a lesson, but he had always tolerated it for the sake of safeguarding the overall situation, and this time he really tolerated it to the end.

"Immediately send a note to the German and Italian ambassadors asking them to explain the matter immediately. If they do not give us a satisfactory explanation, they should consider severing diplomatic relations directly with Germany and Italy, and if necessary, they must react decisively! ”

After a lengthy quarrel, the Politburo temporarily dismissed Trotsky's suggestion, but for the bigwigs, what satisfactory explanation could the Germans and Italians give, and the gang had a conscience if they didn't beat it up.

Sure enough, the Germans and Italians did not give any explanation, but instead used Britain and France as shields, saying that this was the implementation of the decision of the League of Nations, and that the Soviets deserved it. Well, I almost got angry with Litvinov.

Soon the Politburo quarreled again, and Trotsky's request for immediate revenge was rejected, replaced by the immediate recall of the ambassadors to Germany and Italy, and continued to protest strongly at the international level, and once again demanded that Germany and Italy punish the murderers and apologize.

Will Germany and Italy apologize? Hitler and Mussolini were secretly so happy that it was too late to be happy, how could they apologize?

After several days of delays, and with the Committee of Diplomatic Agents repeatedly sending notes to the German and Italian ambassadors to no avail, the Politburo had to make further reactions again -- expelling the German and Italian ambassadors, suspending diplomatic exchanges, and once again making solemn representations and warnings to Germany and Italy.

However, this was still useless, and in the face of the escalating warnings and condemnations of the Soviet government, Germany and Italy appeared to be unimpressed, presumably believing that the Soviet Union was all that was left to pay lip service, and did not believe that the Soviet Union would take any practical action.

In the face of Germany and Italy, which did not advance oil and salt, the Politburo discussed all night, and for the last time made a stern warning from diplomatic channels, and even used unnecessary and unforeseen words.

Of course, Germany and Italy did not react, but constantly ridiculed the Soviet Union as a paper tiger, but they did not know that by the time they laughed, the Red Navy, the Air Force and the Army had entered a state of emergency...... (A good event for pie in the sky, cool mobile phones are waiting for you!) Follow from ~ Dian/Chinese network public account (WeChat add friends - add public account - enter ddxiaoshuo), participate now! Everyone has a prize, now pay attention to ddxiaoshuo WeChat public account! (To be continued......)

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