At 12:05, the 1st Guerrilla Group of the Combined Fleet took the lead, led by the Yoshino, and the main team was behind, forming a single column formation, approaching the Beiyang Naval Division.

At 12:20, the Beiyang Naval Division changed from a double vertical formation to a horizontal formation during the march, with the flagship Dingyuan in the center, and the rest of the ships deployed in turn to the left and right, and the fleet was in a wedge-shaped echelon. However, the original intention of the Beiyang Fleet was to line up in a compact formation of geese in the gap, but in fact it was arranged in a loose horizontal formation, similar to the "human" shape. There are three speculations about the reason, one is that the heralds of the Beiyang Navy ships made mistakes in transmitting orders; One is that some of the Beiyang naval generals were afraid to fight and retreated behind the battle; The closest guess to the truth is that the warships planned to be located on both flanks of the formation (Jiyuan, Guangjia, Chaoyong, Yangwei) are basically slow old ships, but they need to sail the longest distance to reach both sides. Before the formation could be completed, the battle had begun.

In the waters off the mouth of the Yalu River, in the waters of Olushima, almost all the main ships of the two countries are concentrated.

At 12:50, the fleets of the two sides were 5,300 meters apart, and the Dingyuan ship, the flagship of the Beiyang Naval Division, opened fire first. The 1st Guerrilla Group of the Combined Fleet made a left turn at a distance of 5,000 meters from the Beiyang Naval Division and sailed to the right flank of the Beiyang Naval Division. The Combined Fleet sailed to the right flank of the Beiyang Naval Division, risking exposing the fleet to the front of the Beiyang Naval Division.

At 12:53, Matsushima, the flagship of the Combined Fleet, began to fire back. Under the first round of artillery of the Japanese army, the Dingyuan mainmast was shot, and the signal rigging was destroyed by artillery fire (it is said that the flying bridge collapsed when the warship was old and deteriorating), and Ding Ruchang, who supervised the battle on the flying bridge, was seriously wounded. From this time on, the ships of the Beiyang Naval Division had lost their command except for being able to advance and retreat with Dingyuan.

The four ships of the Japanese No. 1 Guerrilla Force, firing fiercely with heavy artillery fire on the one hand, increased their speed, crossed the front of the Beiyang Fleet, turned their rudder to the left, changed their course, and galloped around to attack the two weak ships of Chaoyong and Yangwei on the right flank of the Beiyang Fleet. Chaoyong and Yangwei are both old warships launched in 1881 (the seventh year of Guangxu), and the age of the ships has reached 13 years. And "the next door in the ship is made of wood, painted and whitewashed." In fact, it is old and old, slow, with poor artillery fire, and extremely weak defense. Although the second ship tried its best to resist, it was finally hit by a salvo of the enemy's four fast cruisers and finally burst into flames.

However, when the Japanese No. 1 Guerrilla Force bypassed the front of the Beiyang Fleet and attacked the right flank with super courage and prestige, the six ships of its own squadron happened to sail to the front of the Beiyang Fleet's horned goose parade in the shape of a "man." The bows of the ships of the Beiyang Fleet pointed precisely at the belly of the enemy ships. As a result, the ships of the Beiyang Fleet violently bombarded the six ships of the enemy's own fleet with their bow and main guns. The follow-up ships such as Hiei, Fuso, Saikyo Maru, and Akagi, due to their slow speed, fell behind, and were cut off by the Beiyang Fleet's "herringbone" shaped formation of a single vertical formation composed of six Japanese ships, and divided into two. The ships on the left flank, such as Zhiyuan and Jingyuan, fired their guns on the port side to intercept the follow-up ships such as Hiei and Akagi. Under the fierce artillery bombardment of the Beiyang Fleet, Hiei and Akagi "could not sail and eventually became lonely" and were severely attacked by the Beiyang Fleet. Hiei's cannon caught fire, the Akagi was shot one after another, the captain Itamoto Hachiro was killed, and the Saikyo Maru was also heavily damaged.

The Japanese ships fled in a hurry, and the Beiyang Navy Division rushed to catch up. At this time (2:05), the 1st Guerrilla Force had already passed through the right flank of the Beiyang Fleet and was about to turn behind the Beiyang Fleet, when Ito Yuheng hurriedly issued a signal and ordered the 1st Guerrilla Force to return to the rescue of Hiei and Akagi. The 1st Guerrilla Brigade was called to immediately turn to the left and turn back, move at high speed between Hiei, Akagi and the Beiyang Fleet, fire with port gunfire, and attack and advance. Akagi and Hiei were saved and took the opportunity to escape from the battlefield.

At this time, the Pingyuan defensive ironclad ship, Guang C, and torpedo boats, which were originally parked outside the mouth of the Dadong ditch, were called to help in the battle. Sailing to the rear of the right wing of the Beiyang Fleet, it was suitable to meet the Japanese main group, and the ships immediately launched an attack on the Japanese ships. At 2:34, "Pingyuan fired a 26-centimeter shell, hitting the port side of Matsushima officer's room, penetrating the torpedo equipment room. Killed four port torpedo launchers". At 3:10 another shot, the shell "pierced the upper part of the central torpedo room on the port side and exploded in the lower part of the Okashi." Killed two port torpedo launchers". At 3:15, Itsukushima was hit by Pingyuan with two more shots. But at the same time, Pingyuan was also hit by a Japanese ship and caught fire, and was forced to withdraw from the battlefield. At this time, the Japanese warships had already sailed past the right flank of the Beiyang Fleet, continued to turn the rudder to the right, and circled behind the Beiyang Fleet, just forming a flanking attack on the Beiyang Fleet with the First Guerrilla Force. As a result, the situation of the Japanese fleet began to turn to the upper hand, and the Beiyang Fleet, because it was surrounded and was fighting on the inside line, was exposed to the enemy on its belly and back, and turned into a disadvantageous position. At this moment, the balance of victory began to tilt in the direction of Japan.

Although the Beiyang Fleet was disadvantaged by the enemy on its back, the vast number of officers and men did not flinch and were discouraged, but "fought more and more vigorously, and never made unremitting efforts." Admiral Ding Ruchang was seriously wounded, did not get out of the line of fire, disregarded his personal life, and after being wounded, he sat on the deck to boost morale, "motivate the soldiers and serve with one heart." After Ding Ruchang was wounded, Dingyuan, the chief soldier of the right wing, led Liu Buchan to "supervise the battle on behalf of Ding Ruchang and direct the advance and retreat", which was particularly contributing. The patriotic spirit of the vast number of soldiers fighting tenaciously and not being afraid of sacrifice is even more touching. Even Taylor, the deputy commander of Dingyuan, who personally participated in the naval battle, admitted: "All the soldiers were fierce and excited, and there was no fear. When he was on patrol, a soldier was seriously wounded, and his companions instructed him to go in to recuperate; and to this artillery mount, to see that although he is crippled, he is still working as usual". Although Chaoyong and Yangwei were hit and caught fire by the Japanese No. 1 Guerrillas, they did not stop fighting. The officers and men fought the fire on the one hand. "In particular, although the hull of the Chaoyong ship has tilted from side to side, the front artillery fire is still non-stop. When Hiei ventured into the formation of the Beiyang Fleet and tried to take a shortcut to join his own team, he met Chaoyong. Chao Yong refused to let go of the enemy ship in the rising flames. On the one hand, he put out the fire, and on the other hand, he fired a cannon bombardment at Hiei, showing the heroism of fighting the enemy to the end. After that, the enemy ship squadron went around to the rear of the Beiyang Fleet and gathered to attack Chaoyong. Chao Yong was isolated and helpless, and at 2:23, he finally sank in the sea at 123 degrees 32 minutes and 1 second east longitude and 39 degrees 35 minutes north latitude under the fire of enemy ships. Huang Jianxun fell into the water, and the "left one" torpedo boat approached to rescue him, throwing a long rope to help, Huang did not give up, calmly died, and most of the soldiers on the ship also died heroically.

The heroic spirit of the officers and men of the Zhiyuan who fought bravely to kill the enemy and regarded death as their home is particularly admirable, singing and crying. Under the command of Deng Shichang, the Zhiyuan crisscrossed the sea, fought with the enemy, was shot a lot, and was wounded on the side. In the heat of battle, the shells were dripping. At this time, he met the Japanese ship Yoshino. Deng Shichang saw that Yoshino relied on his ship to be quick and unscrupulous, and said angrily to the first mate Chen Jinhua: "If the Japanese ship is dedicated to Yoshino, and the ship is sunk, then our army can gather things." "Determined to collide with it, and die together. Prepare to sacrifice your own life to preserve the victory of the army. Chen Jinhua was deeply moved, so he drummed the express train and clashed violently towards Yoshino. The Japanese officers and men were shocked when they saw this, and concentrated their artillery fire on the "Zhiyuan," and the torpedo tube on the right side of the "Zhiyuan" ship was hit, causing a large explosion, and at 3:30 a.m., it tilted on the starboard side and sank over the Yellow Sea at 123 degrees 34 minutes east longitude and 39 degrees 32 minutes north latitude. All but seven of the officers and men of the ship were rescued.

After Deng Shichang fell into the sea, his entourage Liu Zhong jumped into the sea and rescued him with a lifebuoy, causing him to surface. Deng Shichang thought that "the ship is gone, and the righteousness is not the only one", and he still worked hard to sink himself. Deng Shichang usually has a dog, swims to his side, and takes Shichang's arm to make it unsinkable. Shichang lingered and braided his hair with his mouth. Deng Shichang was determined to live and die with the officers and men of the whole ship, and he was also sunk in the turbulent waves, and he was only 46 years old when he died.

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