Chapter 478: Naval Agreement
Vice Admiral Dewey suddenly added: "I think we should completely ban the sneak attack weapon of submarines, which is too much of a threat to merchant ships. "The Boston Empire was sunk a large number of merchant ships during the war, so they were very afraid of submarines and tried every possible way to destroy them, but among the five major naval powers here, only the Boston Empire did not have submarines, and his proposal was quite unkind.
Marshal Raeder was the first to object: "Of the five countries here, our navy is the weakest, and if a weak navy like ours is to give up submarines, wouldn't it be for us to be slaughtered by others?" We would never agree to such a thing. ”
Although the main submarines of the Yaman Empire were still purchased from the Chinese Empire during the war, through the hard work of its own scientists, and some of the technology of the Chinese Empire was purchased, and the submarine technology of the Yaman Empire is now very strong.
Vice Admiral Dewey continued: "If your country cannot abandon submarines, we have the right to build enough destroyers for anti-submarine operations." ”
Marshal Raeder spread his hands and said, "Whatever you want." "The-for-tat confrontation between the two countries has once again put an end to the restrictions on submarines and destroyers.
The representative of the Grand Duchy of Sardinia said: "I think aircraft carriers should also be limited. "The great Duchy of Sardinia, as a friendly party, was also apprehensive about the strong combat effectiveness of the aircraft carriers in the imperial Chinese navy during the war.
Zhang Haiyang said with a smile: "At present, only China has aircraft carriers, and if there are restrictions on aircraft carriers, I am afraid it will be unkind." "After several arguments, due to Zhang Haiyang's insistence, the limitation of aircraft carriers is no longer possible.
The representative of the Grand Duchy of Sardinia couldn't help but listen for a long time: "If there are no restrictions on any warships, there is no point in holding this naval restriction meeting." ”
Vice Admiral Dewey said contemptuously: "Originally, this meeting was meaningless, I think it is better to develop separately, how many warships to build depends on their own national strength, and what are the restrictions, if there is no money, the navy can be disbanded as soon as possible." ”
Vice Admiral Dewey's words made Marshal Raeder of the Yaman Empire feel uncomfortable, after all, after several years of war, the Yaman Empire has suffered huge losses in national strength, although it has captured many colonies, but those require long-term investment to see results, and now the Yaman Empire is also unable to carry out naval construction, if it is not restricted, there will be another naval arms race, and the Yaman Empire will not be able to accompany it in the first place.
Knowing his situation very well, Marshal Raeder said: "I think all parties should be honest with each other and make the necessary limits on the size of the navy, after all, the world war has just ended, and what we need is peace." ”
Seeing that Marshal Raeder changed his words and began to support Sardinia and Habfsburg, the representatives of these two countries immediately had the spirit, and now the three major powers have expressed their support for the restriction, and the Chinese Empire is hostile to itself, Vice Admiral Dewey does not want to offend the public anger, so he naturally nodded and said: "Okay, my country will suspend the construction of new warships first, and wait until everyone reaches an agreement to build ships, but I think that since it is a naval restriction, we cannot only restrict our five countries, and all sovereign countries should jointly formulate a restriction treaty and abide by it." ”
Dewey's thinking was very clear, and he immediately thought that the Chinese Empire was likely to use a few allies to hide its naval fleet, so he felt that since he wanted to restrict, he would have to plug all loopholes. After being reminded by Lieutenant General Dewey, the representatives of the other three countries also suddenly came to their senses, and they immediately agreed. Zhang Haiyang glanced at Dewey lightly and agreed, but he had already drenched Dewey's scolding in his heart, and his plan was to hide his own fleet through the allies.
With this consensus in place, the meeting was suspended until all the envoys had arrived, and the invitations to the countries were soon circulated in all directions. After receiving the notice, the countries reacted quickly, and the Sahr and Nantes empires did not need to participate in this conference due to the restrictions of the Treaty of Essen.
The Viking Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Gothenburg, which had always been neutrals, expressed their willingness to abandon the establishment of a navy, and the two countries only built and used various warships with a tonnage of less than 1,000 tons for coastal defense and anti-smuggling purposes, and they did not need to participate in the meeting.
Twenty days later, the kingdoms of Cerro, the Grand Duchy of Rees, and the kingdoms of Moss, as well as several NATO allies, including the Cossack Empire, the Istan Empire, the Saint-Martin Empire, the Latin Kingdom, and the Hawa Kingdom, sent their own representatives. Representatives of the 13 countries gathered together to start a new round of negotiations.
Although Zhang Haiyang expressed his disagreement with the aircraft carrier restriction on the grounds that there were no aircraft carriers in any country other than the Chinese Empire, the countries were already frightened by the strong combat effectiveness of the Chinese Empire's aircraft carriers, and later the restrictions on aircraft carriers were also limited by the majority vote.
The threat of submarines to merchant ships is too huge, so it is naturally restricted, and at the insistence of the Yaman Empire, the sharp weapon of anti-submarines, destroyers are naturally also restricted, and Zhang Haiyang once again proposed that his country's territorial waters are too large and there are not enough warships to defend, and he even threatened to withdraw from the meeting.
Since the cruiser could not be used as a decisive force in the decisive battle of the main force, and could not cause any damage to the submarine, the cruiser's unrestricted resolution was finally agreed to by the countries.
After several rounds of negotiations, the 13 countries have limited the tonnage of each ship class according to their national strength. The tonnage of capital ships of the Chinese Empire, the Boston Empire, the Yaman Empire, the Habsburg Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Sardinia in a ratio of 20:20:15:10:10.
That is, the Chinese Empire and the Boston Empire can each have battleships and aircraft carriers with a displacement of 200,000 tons, the Yaman Empire has 150,000 tons, and the Habfsburg Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Sardinia each have 100,000 tons.
Among the remaining eight countries, the Cossack Empire, the Istan Empire, the St. Martin Empire, the Latin Kingdom, the Hawa Kingdom, the Cerro Kingdom, the Grand Duchy of Rees, and the Moss Kingdom are 8:5:8:3:3:5:2:2 respectively, and the requirements for the type of ships are the same as those of the five great powers.
The proportion of destroyers is also the same as that of battleships, but the tonnage is twice that of battleships, and submarines are also limited according to the same ratio, respectively, the Chinese Empire and the Boston Empire can each have 50,000 tons of submarines, the Yaman Empire has 37,500 tons, the Habsburg Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Sardinia have 25,000 tons each, and other countries are not allowed to have submarines.
Now all countries, except for the Chinese Empire, have no experience in building submarines, they can only slowly explore the experience, and for a long time, such a tonnage is still very sufficient.
Although it did not achieve the goal of suppressing the navies of other countries, the Habfsburg Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Sardinia were still relatively satisfied, after all, their own national strength was weak, and it was unlikely that they would be able to restrict each other.
In addition to the proportion of these warships, the meeting also made many stipulations on the finalization of future warships and maritime rights and interests, so as to prevent some countries from taking advantage of loopholes in the agreement. The new convention stipulates that the coastal areas of each country's land area may extend 12 nautical miles into the sea as the territorial waters of each country, and that the territorial sea is as sacred and inviolable as the territory, and that the territory and the air above the territorial sea become the territorial airspace, and that the territorial air and territory are equally inviolable.
The territory extends two hundred kilometres into the sea as an exclusive economic zone, in which the State has sovereign rights to explore, develop, conserve and manage the natural resources of the seabed and subsoil and the overlying waters; sovereign rights to use seawater, currents and wind power to produce energy, etc.; With jurisdiction over the construction and use of artificial islands, the conduct of marine scientific research and the protection of the marine environment, other States continue to enjoy freedom of navigation and overflight within their exclusive economic zones.
If there is an overlap between the territorial sea and the exclusive economic zone of the two countries, the convention is based on the median line in accordance with the principle of equity, which is equivalent to the conclusion of a universally recognized law of the sea.
According to the regulations on ship types, all those that can carry and use normal take-off and landing aircraft as the main combat weapons and can provide take-off and landing for them are called aircraft carriers, and seaplane carriers also have the same provisions, and seaplane carriers are included in the restrictions on aircraft carriers.
Warships with a displacement of more than 10,000 tons and artillery as their main weapons are classified as battleships, with a displacement of 5,000 to 10,000 tons, cruisers with a main gun caliber of no more than 280 millimeters, a displacement of 1,500 to 5,000 tons, destroyers with a main gun caliber of no more than 152 millimeters, warships with a displacement of less than 1,500 tons are not restricted, and ships capable of underwater navigation operations are submarines. With such restrictions, delegates were relieved.
The signing of the Rome Convention is tantamount to giving countries the peace of mind to dismantle warships, which can greatly reduce the financial burden on governments. Moreover, the convention does not stipulate that countries are not allowed to build new warships, but it only sets a timetable for countries to dismantle the old ones and replace them with new ones, so that countries can dismantle old ships and build new ones according to this timetable, and use more advanced warships with less financial resources.
Immediately after the signing of the convention, Fang Xiaoyu began a series of huge construction plans for new warships. For this reason, Fang Xiaoyu lived in the Naval Design Institute for two months, and together with Dietman and Xu Shouchang, he redesigned several new warships.
The focus of the design of the warship is first of all the battleships that are subject to the restrictions of the treaty, in order not to exceed the limits of the treaty, the three of them carefully weighed every detail, and finally finally decided on a type of standard displacement of 50,000 tons. The 'Naoli' class battleship, this kind of battleship can reach 62,496 tons at full load, the total length is 277.8 meters, the width is 37.2 meters, the draft is 10.2 meters, the personnel is more than 2,100 people, the thickness of the side armor reaches 300 mm, the thickest turret armor reaches 385 mm, and the weakest horizontal deck is also 120 mm, an absolute heavy armored battleship.