Chongzhen Emperor Zhu Youzhen first selected the diamond and asked Wang Chengen to study it with him.

Wang Chengen doesn't know what a diamond is, he hasn't seen it as it is, and Chongzhen Emperor Zhu Youzhen doesn't have a physical object, so he can only explain to Wang Chengen according to the information on the computer, "Diamonds have the highest hardness among natural minerals, and their brittleness is also quite high, and they will still break if they collide hard." Derived from the ancient Greek word Adamant, which means hard and inviolable substance, it is recognized as the king of gemstones. Diamond's. In other words, diamond is actually a carbon crystal with a fairly high density. A carat, or carat, is a unit of mass for a diamond. One calorie is equivalent to 200 milligrams, and legend has it that the weight used by early diamond traders to weigh diamonds was the fruit of the rice bean tree (carob), and one such fruit weighed about 200 milligrams. Because diamonds are essentially the same density, the heavier the diamond, the larger the volume. The larger the diamond, the rarer it is and the higher the value per card.

The difference between a diamond and a similar gemstone or synthetic diamond. Common substitutes or fakes in the gemstone market are colorless gemstones, colorless spinel, cubic zirconia, strontium titanate, yttrium almandine, yttrium gallium garnet, and artificial rutile. Synthetic diamonds were first developed in Japan in 1955, but were not mass-produced. Because synthetic diamonds are more expensive than natural diamonds, synthetic diamonds are rare on the market. Diamonds can be distinguished from similar gemstones by their unique hardness, density, dispersion, and refractive index. For example, imitation diamond cubic zirconia is colorless, with strong dispersion (0.060), strong luster, and high density, which is 5.8 grams per cubic centimeter, and the weight of the hand is obvious. Yttrium almandine has a soft dispersion. It is difficult to distinguish it from a diamond with the naked eye. ”

Although Wang Chengen was dizzy when he heard it. But I probably understand that it is a gem!

China's proven diamond reserves and production rank about 10th in the world. With an annual output of 200,000 carats, it is mainly in the Wafangdian basin of Liaoning, Mengyin of Shandong and Yuanjiang of Hunan, and Wafangdian is currently the largest diamond mine in Asia.

In 1965, China discovered kimberlite and diamond primary deposits in Guizhou and Shandong. In 1971, Liaoning Wafangdian found a primary diamond deposit. The two primary diamond deposits that are still being mined are located in Wafangdian, Liaoning Province and Mengyin District, Shandong Province. Diamond placers are found in the Yuanjiang River basin in Hunan, Tibet, Guangxi and the Tanlu fault across Jiangsu and Anhui provinces.

There are three main producing areas of diamonds in China: Wafangdian in Liaoning, Mengyin-Linshu in Shandong, and Yuanjiang River Basin in Hunan. All of them are kimberlite types, but no primary ore has been found in Hunan. Among them, the quality of Liaoning is good, and the size of Shandong is larger. The largest diamond ever found in China is the Changlin diamond, which was discovered in Shandong on December 21, 1977. Discovered by Wei Zhenfang of the Changlin Brigade, it was named "Changlin Diamond", which is now stored in the treasury of the bank. Changlin diamonds weigh 158.786 carats and are octahedral in shape, with a clean, transparent and pale yellow texture.

It is also rumored that the largest diamond in China was the Golden Rooster Diamond, also found in the region, weighing 281.25 carats, but was looted by the Japanese during World War II. His whereabouts are unknown.

The search for diamond deposits often takes decades, if not hundreds of years, of hard work and labor. The cost is huge. For example, the exploration of primary diamond deposits in Siberia in the former Soviet Union began in 1913 and took 18 years to discover; Botswana's primary deposit of Euler, which cost $32 million and took 12 years to excavate; In recent years, the number of diamond deposits in the world has been limited to the number of diamond deposits discovered in northwestern Canada, compared to the number of iron, copper and gold deposits. On average, only 20% of the diamonds mined are gem-quality, while the remaining 80% can only be used in industry. But this 20% gem-quality diamond is worth as much as five times as much as 80% industrial diamond. The world's annual production of diamonds is about 100 million carats, gem-quality is about 15 million carats, and about 4 million carats (equivalent to 800 kilograms) are processed into diamonds. According to a rough calculation, about 250 tonnes of ore would need to be excavated to get a 1 carat (0.2 gram) of polished diamond.

The mining of diamond deposits can be said to be a large-scale, but meticulous work. During the mining process, it is necessary to fully extract the ore containing the diamonds and ensure that the rough diamond particles in the ore are intact. Improper mining can lead to huge losses to the economy. Whether it is open-pit mining or underground excavation, it is a huge project that requires huge manpower and material resources.

The mined ore is carefully crushed and sorted, and instead of being immediately ready for mass smelting, as is the case with other metal deposits, each rough diamond is carefully analyzed on a grain-by-grain basis to determine the down-cut plan to ensure its weight, clarity and style. This is often done by someone with a good understanding of the physical and optical properties of the diamond itself. The general steps are: design the marking; Split drilling; sawing drills; turning drills; grinding drills; Cleaning grading. And each of these steps includes a lot of small programs. Every small step requires exquisite craftsmanship and a wealth of experience. The world's largest Cullinan diamond, for example, weighs 3,106 carats and it took three experienced and skilled craftsmen 14 hours a day for eight months to divide it into four large diamonds and 101 smaller diamonds. The processing of some world-famous diamonds often takes several months, or even 1-2 years, just to design.

Chongzhen Emperor Zhu Youzhen looked at it more and more upset, he originally just wanted to get a gemstone in one step, and then make himself a rich man, and then he would get the most important thing he wanted to get from modern times, but now seeing that diamond mining is so troublesome, and even in modern mining is so troublesome, he was moved by the idea of being upset.

Chongzhen Emperor Zhu Youzhen lit a cigar, he had no one to discuss with him, he would often fall into this kind of panic that he created for himself! He is an insecure person, he begins to doubt his own thoughts, and doubts whether he has the ability to change the crisis of the Ming Dynasty in this life!?

In fact, this history has not improved much in his hands, and he will feel very smooth when it is similar to the practice in the previous life, and every time he has some thoughts against the sky, he will be very uncomfortable! (To be continued......)