Chapter 405: Reactor Safety
The Ukrainian republics, which are the second largest republics in addition to Russia, many of the Soviet Union's military industries have been selected in Ukraine, affected by the warm and humid air flow of the Atlantic Ocean, most of the area here has a temperate continental climate, warm and warm, and the winter is not cold.
The capital of Ukraine is Kiev, and in the north of Kiev, not far from the Belarusian border, stands a neat and beautiful small city, the city of Pripyat.
The town was built in the 70s to house the construction workers and crews of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. After all, this is a large nuclear power plant, and it produces enough electricity to meet one-tenth of Ukraine's electricity needs.
It's early spring, surrounded by lush greenery, surrounded by dense forests, silver birch trees, a gust of wind blows, the leaves make a rattling sound, tall and straight pine trees are lush, the air is fresh, and white clouds float in the clear blue sky. In the whole of the Soviet Union, it was also a beautiful city, so not only all kinds of workers, but also many tourists, who finally chose to live here.
And three kilometers away from the town, among the birch trees, there is a huge building, the pride of the Soviet and Ukrainian peoples, the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.
The plant, consisting of four reactors, each capable of producing 1 gigawatt of electricity, began construction in the 70s, with reactor 1 commissioned in 1977, followed by three more reactors in 1978, 1981 and 1983. There are also two reactors under construction, No. 5 and No. 6, both of which belong to the RBMK-1000 model.
Now, this nuclear power plant has welcomed a special group of people.
Delegates from Pakistan in a helicopter. Landing next to the nuclear power plant, when the helicopter's rotors stopped turning, the hatch above opened, and several bearded men stepped out of it.
Just a few years ago, the Pakistanis were mentioned. That's the enemy of all the Soviets! And now, just over a year later, this argument has disappeared, and Pakistan does not seem to have any contradictions and conflicts with its own side, it is so good that it is like a family, and even the proudest nuclear power plant of the Soviet Union can be assisted by them!
Of course, it was claimed that these people were from Iraq. A country that is quite friendly with the Soviet Union, but, of course, the chief engineer of the nuclear power plant, Kiatlov, knows the inside story, these people are really from Pakistan! At the head of the list, it is Pakistan's Minister of Industry Asif!
These enemies! Hell is long overdue! Kiatlov cursed inwardly as he greeted him.
"Our distinguished guests are very welcome." Kiatrov said: "I am the chief engineer here. Kiatlov. ”
"What about the KGB guys?" Asif, on the other side, has a very high posture.
KGB. In addition to being responsible for all kinds of external intelligence, it is also responsible for internal supervision, including all aspects of safety production, so this time Pakistan came to inspect the Soviet nuclear reactor, in addition to the nuclear power plant staff. There will also be people from the KGB who will be accompanied.
And for Asif, the KGB people are more important, because President Mhammad's task is to come here. Try your best to get this Kiatrov out, although I don't know what grievances this guy has with President Mhammad, but Asif knows that if he wants to do his best to complete this, he needs the KGB.
"They'll be there soon, too." Kiatrov said.
As he spoke, several cars drove from a distance, and they were coming from the direction of Kyiv.
When the cars stopped here, from the car, a tall man, got out of the car.
The sharp eyes, the sparkle, the high bridge of the nose, with the obvious Leningrad features, the lines are powerful, this is a cold man.
"Hello, I am from the KGB Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, my name is Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin." The man stretched out a large hand and shook it at Asif.
Putin! If it were Mhammad here, he would be very excited, and the person in front of him would be the strongman of Russia in the future, Putin!
Putin, born in Leningrad in 52, joined the KGB and entered the confidential department of the Leningrad intelligence agency while attending university. He worked until 1983, followed by a year of study at the KGB school in Moscow. Beginning in 1985, the KGB sent Putin to East Germany, mainly to collect economic espionage reports from West Germany at that time. Until 90.
Therefore, according to history, Putin should be in East Germany at this time, but unfortunately, Mhammad's crossing has brought a series of butterfly effects.
When Marshal Akhromeyev was dismissed by Gorbachev for his defeat in the war in Afghanistan, a series of personnel changes, including the KGB, followed.
Many personnel of the KGB agency in Ukraine were transferred to Turkmenistan, so that there was a vacancy on the Ukrainian side, and as a result, Putin was transferred to Ukraine and did not go to East Germany.
Holding his hands together, Asif said: "It's a pleasure to meet you, Mr. Putin, at your request, we have come to inspect your nuclear power plant, primarily your safety facilities. ”
"Very welcome." Putin said: "Please." ”
The people of the KGB are always on top, and they knew that they were not supposed to be engineers back then, but went to the KGB! Kiatelov, who was left to dry, couldn't help but feel even more depressed, and while thinking, he followed behind.
"We have four large nuclear reactors here, which provide a steady stream of energy to our generators." Walking inside the nuclear power plant, Kiatrov finally found his place and introduced Asif.
The tall buildings, which are nuclear reactors, generate heat through nuclear reactions, turn the cooling water into high-temperature and high-pressure steam, and then push the steam turbines to generate electricity, the basic principle of which Kiatlov understands.
"What is the thickness of the containment vessel of your reactor?" Asif asked.
The reason why there was a serious accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant is because this kind of reactor actually has no containment!
At that time, nuclear experts believed that the possibility of a leak in the reactor was too small to require any containment, so the outside of the reactor was just an ordinary factory building, with no doors or windows.
If there were enough containment vessels on the outside to withstand the enormous pressure caused by a nuclear leak, then there would not be the risk of eight tons of radioactive material being thrown into the air, creating a large area of harmony.
For Mhammad, even if such a reactor is actually introduced, the first thing to do is to build a thick enough containment vessel on the outside.
This time, he was originally here to provoke thorns, so Asif directly asked about the containment.
Hearing Asif's question, Kiatrov was stunned for a moment: "What is a containment?" ”
Asif really didn't know that he used to be an engineer at a thermal power plant, and besides, he was able to come up not by technology, but by means.
"Mr. Kiatlov, you are the chief engineer of the nuclear power plant here, and you don't know what a containment is?" Asif shouted in surprise, his voice so that everyone could hear it: "Then how can we investigate the safety of the nuclear power plant here?" Are you really the chief engineer here? ”
"Of course." Kiatlov said: "I am the chief engineer here. It's just that the nuclear power plant here does not have a containment. ”
Although the focus is on climbing up, Kiatlov knows the basics, and there is no mention of containment in any of the technical literature here.
"What does your reactor use as a moderator?" Asif continued.
The nuclear reaction is a chain reaction of uranium rods, which needs to be excited by neutrons, and the neutrons generated by the reaction are fast neutrons, and uranium nuclei capture slow neutrons, so they need to turn fast neutrons into full neutrons, which requires moderators.
Moderator? Kiatrov did not know the inside of the nuclear reaction, and he did not answer Asif's question just now, and he could not answer it again this time.
What is it? It seems that when I read the literature, I have heard of cadmium rods, and those control rods are cadmium rods! Yes, that's right!
"Cadmium rods." Kiatrov said.
"That's a control stick!" Asif said: "Even a minister in charge of industry like me knows that cadmium rods are control rods, not softeners, do you know about nuclear reactors?" ”
An engineer on the side hurriedly said to Kiatlov: "Graphite, our nuclear reactor, uses graphite as a moderator. ”
Are those graphite blocks? Kiatelov originally thought that it was the same as a cement block, which was used to fix fuel rods and control rods, but it turned out to be a moderator!
Each nuclear reactor uses up to 1,700 tons of graphite blocks, which are used as moderators, and Kiaterov does not understand these at all, in his eyes, this nuclear reactor is just a big boiler.
Putin, who was on the side, his face had become cold, the chief engineer of the nuclear power plant didn't even know the most basic common sense of nuclear power plants, how did this guy come up?
"We learned that your nuclear reactor is a boiling water reactor, how do you solve the positive cavitation reactivity effect?" Asif continued.
The accident of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in later generations, although it was caused by human operation, but there were problems in the design of the reactor, and the reactor was in unsafe working conditions at low power, because the cooling water of the reactor can boil to produce cavitation, and the core is designed to have a positive cavitation reactivity coefficient, the cavitation increases, and the reactive power increases, so that the number of cavitation bubbles increases, and the reactor will be on the verge of losing control.
Pakistan's nuclear experts, after analyzing the reactors, raised these safety questions, and now Asif is asking them.
At the same time, this question was also the last straw that crushed Kiatlov. (To be continued......)