Chapter 521: Declaration of Wealth
The conclave did not last very long, ending that night. Because Liu He had done a lot of preparatory work before the meeting, and at the meeting, he clearly explained the reasons, methods and specific steps for reforming the currency system, so the resistance encountered was not great, and the core members of Tianzheng Dao in place unanimously agreed to Liu He's plan and signed their names on a manuscript.
This manuscript was then called "The Plan for Reforming the Existing Monetary System in the Three Years of Jian'an", but it was later unanimously named "The Declaration of Wealth" by historians and religious scholars who studied the "History of the Great Han Dynasty" and the "Records of Taoism". Because in this manuscript, Liu He, the first pope of the Han Dynasty, together with dozens of sages, issued the sentence "Everyone has the right to create and accumulate wealth freely, and the wealth legally accumulated by individuals is as sacred and inviolable as the body and dignity of human beings".
The impact of this meeting is still unknown for the time being, but what Liu He has to do will never be delayed. The day after the meeting, the members who had received the specific tasks began to take action, following Liu He's predetermined steps, first of all, to prepare for the establishment of the Northern Money Bank.
Although Liu He already has a lot of official titles on his head, because Qian Xing is related to the future of several northern states and even the Han Dynasty, the head of Qian Bank is none other than Liu He, and others will not accept this power even if they hand it over to him. The title of the head of the head was too casual, so Liu He had no choice but to add the title of "president" to the top of his head. The president, the chief executive, adjudicates a large and small affairs, this power is really terrifying.
With Liu He as the president, his subordinates naturally have to have corresponding institutions, and the general cannot be allowed to be a single commander in the money industry alone. After discussions, under the Office of the President of the Northern Money Bank, seven parallel institutions were set up, including the Statistics Department, the Minting Department, the Clearing Department, the Operations Department, the Deposit and Loan Department, the Investment Department, and the Internal Affairs Department.
Among them, the main responsibility of the Statistics Division is to aggregate and calculate the total amount of existing wealth in the treasury of each state and county, the total amount of new wealth added by each state and county each year, and the number of transactions between the northern states and other states, etc. The figures of the Statistics Division are the basis for the operation of several other divisions, and therefore the accuracy of the figures is extremely high. Therefore, this director of the department naturally fell on the head of the great arithmetic scholar Xu Yue, and the statisticians recruited by the department are mainly top students who graduated from the School of Planning and Computing of Yenching University, and most of them are students taught by Xu Yue himself.
The main responsibility of the Mint Division is naturally to produce coins, negotiable silver notes, and other bond certificates that can be exchanged. In the future, the Department of the Mint will have jurisdiction over the mints set up in various places, and the mints will all be controlled by the government and guarded by regular troops on a rotating basis, and no individual may mint coins privately, but he may exchange his gold, silver, copper, and tin holdings for hard currency produced by the mint after the value has been calculated.
According to Liu He's plan, after the establishment of the Northern Money Bank, it will begin to mint gold, silver and copper coins at the same time. Gold and silver coins take a solid round shape. On the obverse is a Yangwen double dragon playing with pearls, and on the back is the words "Dahan Northern Money Company" and the nominal value of this coin written in simplified Chinese. For example, a gold coin can be exchanged for ten silver coins, and one silver coin can be exchanged for a copper coin, which is a thousand five-baht coins.
Liu He directly borrowed from the numismatic units of later generations, taking a gold coin as a gold yuan, a silver coin as a silver yuan, and a copper coin as a copper yuan, so that the basic unit of currency was set as "yuan". The ratio between the three rounds is then published in newspapers according to the actual value of gold, silver, and copper, which fluctuates according to the actual value of gold, silver, and copper. Although this practice of regularly adjusting the ratio of huàn was somewhat cumbersome for the general public, Liu He insisted on not making a fuss about the fineness of the coins themselves, ensuring that the gold, silver, and copper coins that left the northern money stores would always be consistent in weight and fineness.
Say. If a large-scale silver mine was discovered on the island in the future, the ratio of gold and silver in the country would actually become larger, and one gold yuan could only be exchanged for ten silver yuan, but now it may be exchanged for twelve or three silver yuan. If you reduce the weight of a gold round or mix some other metals in it, you can still maintain a ratio of 1:10 to huàn, but in fact the value of the gold coin itself has shrunk by this time.
Liu Hening often published the ratio of gold, silver, and copper to huàn. Let the common people themselves slowly adapt to this method of calculation, and they will not make up their minds about the quality of metal coins. In his view, the practice of arbitrarily changing the actual value of coins is itself an act of dishonesty, which not only easily leaves a loophole for those in power to indiscriminately make inferior coins, but also makes ordinary people distrust coins, and even gradually refuse to use such inferior coins.
Although the issuance of paper money is a more advanced and economical method of coinage, Liu He has not yet actually unified the Han Dynasty, and the people have a natural aversion to currency other than real money and silver, so the issuance of paper money will not appear until a long time in the future. Although paper money cannot be printed, silver bills are different from paper money, and this kind of currency symbol in the form of bond certificates is easily accepted by merchants and ordinary people, but it can be promoted first.
Because the annual copper production of the Han Dynasty was limited and the amount of silver and gold mined was also insufficient, Liu He sent people to look for gold, silver, and copper mines in the territory under his control, and on the other hand, he sent people to discuss with Xiliang Ma Teng and Han Sui, trying to restore the severed "Silk Road" and reopen trade with the countries of the Western Regions to see if he could earn real money and silver from abroad. In addition, Liu He also gave an order to Xian Yuyin, the governor of Liaozhou, to send a boat to the east to cross the Japanese slave country and look for silver mines on those islands in the east. As long as the amount of real money and silver in Liu He's hands continues to increase, it is only a matter of time before the Northern Money Bank unifies the Han currency market in the future.
The main responsibility of the Liquidation Department is to verify and liquidate, and in the future, it will not only liquidate the accounts of the government at all levels, but also liquidate various markets, commercial banks, warehouses, and even money banks. The purpose of the liquidation verification is to prevent the falsification of the various figures, lest the figures that the Statistics Division has worked so hard for a year end up being false figures with no reference value. In addition to preventing the falsification of the numbers, it is more important to supervise and control the money banks in various places, so as to prevent them from amassing wealth by illegal means in secret. In order to embolden the Liquidation Department and increase the deterrent effect of the Liquidation Division, the Jicheng Supervision Office and the President's Office of the Bank of Money jointly led this department to prevent the occurrence of private fraud.
The main responsibility of the Operations Department is to approve the establishment of money banks, because the main function of the money banks in the north is similar to the central banks of later generations, so it is necessary for the money banks, a market institution similar to the banks of later generations, to build a bridge between ordinary people and money banks. Liu He learned from the practice of the banking industry in later generations, allowing the coexistence of government-run and private banks, but they were subject to the unified supervision of the northern money banks, and malicious monopolies or mutual runs were not allowed.
According to Liu He's idea, in the future, each prefecture should set up a state-level bank, and each county under the state-level bank also needs to set up a county-level bank, and these government-run money banks should use the land, minerals, and other resources of their own state and county as collateral to apply to the northern money bank for the amount of funds needed for development and construction. As for allowing individuals to open money banks, the access conditions will be more stringent, not only will individuals need to come up with enough wealth to put in the northern money bank as a reserve, but also to review the applicant's background identity, the industry he is engaged in, in short, there will be a set of strict review and restraint system, and this kind of license will not be approved lightly.
Private money banks are not only a useful supplement to the government-run banks, which are most suitable for a specific industry to be jointly established, but also can promote the government-run banks to have a certain sense of crisis, so as not to raise a group of grandfathers who smoke people's fat and ointment.
The main responsibility of the Deposit and Loan Department is to solicit savings and lend money, and for a national bank, it is impossible for the northern money bank to directly solicit savings from merchants and the public, but it has a privilege that all money banks will look down on, that is, to issue bonds. National bonds are a legal act of the government to raise funds from the people, and it is an important economic means to use national credit as a guarantee and at the same time give the people a certain amount of compensation, that is, interest. At present, the northern money bank cannot openly issue government bonds, but it can use other names to issue public bonds. After the money bank has collected a large amount of money from the people, it is impossible to put this wealth in the government treasury and mold, but to lend the money in the form of guò loans, and then lend the money to the states and counties, or to universities and scientific research institutions, and lend them to a specific agency under the jurisdiction of the government, such as the Department of Highway and Traffic Management, so that they can use the money to build bridges and pave roads, and carry out major project construction.
The main responsibilities of the Investment Division are closely related to, but different from, the Lending Division. According to Liu He's idea, the money bank will dedicate a part of the funds to new industries and overseas colonization, so that the functions of the money bank will be more complete, and the people in power will be more inseparable from the money bank.
The main responsibilities of the Home Affairs Department are to manage the internal staff of the money bank and to escort the coins. Once the Northern Money Bank is founded, the scale will continue to expand in the future, and the number of people working inside this behemoth will be tens of thousands in the future, so it is natural to need an internal management organization, which is responsible for conducting regular performance appraisals and evaluations of personnel, attracting new people into various institutions, and providing logistical support to various institutions.
The establishment of the above-mentioned seven divisions can basically support the operation of the Northern Money Bank, and as for the specific candidates of each division, they will also be determined after repeated selection. Liu He absolutely does not want to see the problems caused by improper employment of this monetary organization that carries his hopes at the beginning of its establishment, so he, the president, is definitely not just a nominal name, and he will focus on the establishment of the money bank for a period of time. (To be continued......)