On June 3, the first year of Zhou Xiande (954), Chai Rong withdrew his troops from Taiyuan, leaving behind Yaoyuan Fu. On the 28th, he returned to Bianliang City. He originally wanted to find Feng Dao and ask: Taishi, can I do a mountain? But there is no chance for Chai Rong to be angry. On the same day, Chai Rong personally recruited, leaving Feng Dao to preside over the matter of repairing the tomb for Guo Wei, seriously ill and overworked, Feng Laoxian was already dying on April 17, and his soul traveled to the west...... In the five generations, I feel that no one is worthy of my pen to write an elegy for them, except for a monarch and a minister. Jun is Chai Rong (Wang Pu's general and Chai Rong's are written together), and the minister is Feng Dao. So let's get started......

Feng Dao is a good word. Take the meaning of the opening text of Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching, "Tao is Tao, very Tao". Born in the 2nd year of Tang Zhonghe (882). In the previous year, Huangchao's rebel army invaded Chang'an, and Tang Xizong panicked Shu, thus opening the prelude to the five generations of troubled times. During the reign of Tang Zhaozong, Feng Dao went out of the mountain and joined the army under Liu Shouguang, who was the envoy of Youzhou Festival and the self-proclaimed Emperor Yan. It is estimated that Feng Dao admired Tang Taizong very much, so he thought that he could be Wei Zheng. From time to time, he would give Liu Shouguang various opinions. Liu Shouguang killed his brother and imprisoned his father, how can he be a master who can listen to people's persuasion? Liu Shouguang, who was greatly annoyed by Feng Dao's persuasion, threw Feng Dao into prison, and prepared to send Feng Dao on the road in a few days, by the way, to fulfill his wish, and go underground to serve the great dead Heavenly Khan (it can be seen that Feng Dao persuaded Chai Rong not to go on the expedition this time, but it was just an old man talking about juvenile madness and regaining his Japanese nature)

Feng Dao, who was on death row, conducted deep self-reflection. Isn't it the highest spirit and task advocated by Confucianism to give advice to the leaders and actively help them correct their mistakes? Confucius, Mencius, and many others, aren't they all emphasized like that? Later, Liu Shouguang's army was defeated, and Feng Dao was taken to Taiyuan by the army of the Later Tang Dynasty. Find an errand under Zhang Chengye, the Taiyuan supervisor. At this time, Feng Dao had changed. From a hot-blooded young man who is a good teacher, he has become the elder Changle that we are familiar with in later generations.

Feng Daoshi, who came to Taiyuan, came to run. Zhang Chengye recommended Feng Dao to Li Cunmiao, and when Li Cunmiao became Tang Zhuangzong, Feng Daochong was a bachelor of Hanlin, and successively served as a scholar in the middle school and a waiter in the household department.

Later, Feng Dao's father died, and Feng Dao went back to worry about Ding's father. Those who are officials are most afraid of this kind of thing. Because of a little worry, the official was lost. If you come back in three years, who knows what the world will become? But this is something that Confucian scholars must abide by, otherwise they will be accused of false Taoism. Are there any exceptions? Yes. Unless the emperor decrees that you are an important minister in the court, you can't do without it. Just meaning, keep two or three months to come back to work, which is called love. Like Zhang Juzheng in later generations. But after his death, Zhang Juzheng's love was put on the line by his opponents to a height of extinction. Changle Lao Feng Lao Xian didn't want to be scolded by future generations for being unfilial. In addition, Feng Dao's officials did not do without the emperor. So the history contains: When Feng Dao heard of his father's funeral, he saw the stars on foot, and his family chased him from behind. When I heard the news in the middle of the night, I left without even putting on my clothes. Feng Dao is indeed a filial son.

After returning to Beijing 3 years later, the city head has changed the banner of the king, and the emperor is Li Siyuan of Tang Mingzong. So Feng Laoxian became his first prime minister. Since then, after the Tang, Jin, Liao, Han, and five dynasties, Li Siyuan, Li Conghou, Li Congke, Shi Jingjiao, Shi Chonggui, Yelu Deguang, Liu Zhiyuan, Liu Chengyou, Guo Wei, Chai Rong 10 emperors (plus the previous Liu Shouguang, Li Cunqiao, a total of 12), Feng Dao is among the three dukes, not far from the center of power. So Feng Dao was quite jealous. When jealousy is deep, it becomes contempt.

Xue Juzheng (912-981), the author of the history of the Old Five Dynasties, lived in the Five Dynasties most of the time, and knew that it was not easy for the five dynasties to be a minister. The amount of the Tao is deep in the body of the minister, "but the following turned, and it was used however" However, the four dynasties and the six emperors were phased. Can you be loyal? A husband, a daughter, and two husbands, the misfortune of people, is the case with three people" Xue Juzheng thinks that Lao Feng is not a loyal minister. But it's loyal or not, maybe Feng Dao himself doesn't value it.

Ouyang Xiu of the New Five Dynasties is not so polite: Feng Dao is still proud of his self-proclaimed elder Changle, not only is he not a loyal minister, but he is also a thick-skinned guy who doesn't know what etiquette and shame are.

In Sima Guang's Zizhi Tongjian, Feng Dao was even more unbearable, "A woman obeys her husband and does not change for life." The minister's affairs are kings, and there are no deaths. This humane Da Lun also "continued: Although Feng Dao has some good conduct, all this is insignificant. For what? You have served so many emperors and dynasties, and you have lost too much money on the big festivals. Sima Guang went on to talk about loyal ministers: the ministers foolishly thought that loyal ministers were worried about the public like home, and they were fatal when they saw danger. Be as dedicated to the country as you are to your own small family. If the monarch has a fault, he will fight hard, and if the country is defeated, he will die with all his might. The emperor has made a mistake and must be strongly admonished. If the country is defeated, the country will be thanked with death. Say it with your mouth, write it with your pen. Of course it's easy. Sima Guang also knew that it was unrealistic for everyone to die for the country, so he pointed out another way out: if the country perished and those who did not want to die, they had to retreat. Or die of old age in the mountains and forests. If you really want to be an official, don't be a minister in the court, be a petty official, and hide in the court like Lao Tzu. Don't worry about big things. After the most embarrassing, Sima Guangkai scolded Feng Dao: Lord Feng, when you were favored, you were named the third division and the prime minister. When the country is good, you eat well and dress well. When the country is destroyed, you will immediately try to make a living, welcome the new emperor, and you will often take the lead in persuading the progress. The emperor is the rise and fall one after another, and you, Lord Feng, are rich and free, and you are simply the biggest traitor. Alas. Why does it sound sour to me? People are rich and free, that is their ability.

After Ouyang Xiu and Sima Guang were born in the alliance of Song Zhenzong and Yuanyuan, the world has been pacified. When they became officials, they were lucky to catch up with the more enlightened emperor Song Renzong. And the Great Song Dynasty was notoriously good to literati. That's why saints and disciples like them and historical giants have this idleness, and they have this Yazhi who sings that the emperor is good, the emperor is good, and the emperor is so good that he quacks. Shouting that the emperor's grace is mighty, we will die to martyr the king and the country.

In the Yuan Dynasty, Hu Sanxing, a scholar who annotated Zizhi Tongjian, redoubled his indignation at Feng Dao, "He is a very popular minister, and the country cannot die." Treat his king as a passerby, how important is it" But it's really strange, the Han people were already dead in the Yuan Dynasty. Why is Hu University still alive? Where is the shame? Just because he is not the extreme of a person like the prime minister, can he live exceptionally?

The Qing Dynasty was even more terrible. Wang Fuzhi raised Feng Dao's crimes to an unprecedented height in "Reading through the Commentary" - Feng Dao's evil floated in the Shang Dynasty, and its calamity was fierce in thieves! I really don't know how Feng Dao hurt him, and I don't know what qualifications he has to evaluate Feng Dao like this?

Back to the Song Dynasty. When Ouyang Xiu and Sima Guang scolded Feng Dao for having no defense against Huayi and no one for the festival of ministers, on the one hand, they established the Later Tang, Later Jin, and Later Han Dynasty established by the Shatuo people as the Zhengshuo Dynasty. That is to say, while scolding Feng Dao for not working for the Yi people, he also admitted that the Jiangshan Dynasty founded by the Yi people was legitimate. I really don't know what kind of standards they use and what kind of position they stand on? It's really standing and talking without back pain, and even confused with a clear explanation.

According to their theory, Feng Dao should have died a long time ago. He should have died at least eleven times. Every time the emperor was replaced, he should be buried once. Especially in the face of Yelu Deguang, he should raise his eyebrows and point at him, scold endlessly, and then lead his neck to the knife, leave a thousand ancient stories for the nation, and add a number to the arrangement of their loyal ministers and filial sons. As for the people of the Central Plains at that time, they naturally had to learn from Feng Dao and give the emperor a funeral. It was a supreme honor!

Back to Feng Dao himself. If you are loyal to you, you must also have a loyal king...... Tang Zhuangzong, the emperor who listened to the opera and sang K. Loyal to him? Then you have to be able to sing. Tang Mingzong is better, and Feng Dao is not disloyal to Tang Mingzong. To Li Conghou, it was too short, and it was only a month to be the emperor. Feng Dao and Li Conghou haven't established a relationship yet. Maybe Li Conghou doesn't remember who Feng Dao is, right? Therefore, I really can't be faithful. Later, Li Congke and Shi Jingtang were replaced, a half-son of Tang Mingzong and a righteous son of Tang Mingzong. It is difficult for a Qing official to decide family affairs, or royal family affairs, Feng Dao doesn't care what he does, and whoever does it is not your own people? And when Yelu Deguang extinguished the Later Jin Dynasty, occupied Bianliang, and ravaged the Central Plains, Feng Dao, who had been released as an official, took the initiative to enter Beijing. But he was by no means here to compete for officials, and Feng Dao was still a little afraid that Yelu Deguang would arrest him again and return to Liao (when Shi Jingjiao betrayed the country to seek glory, he needed a person to envoy to the Khitan to express his sincerity. This task is none other than Feng Dao. Feng Dao did not hesitate - His Majesty received the favor of the Northern Dynasty, and the ministers received the favor of His Majesty, why not? This sentence left Feng Dao with a thousand years of infamy. The famous modern historian Fan Wenlan has witty words - what a slave of a slave! As soon as Feng Dao left, he was kept by Yelu Deguang. Later, Feng Dao pretended to be pitiful and bought all the rewards of Yelu Deguang. Deguang Strange: Do you have a penchant for collecting charcoal? Feng Dao shed tears: I'm not used to the cold weather in the north, so I have to save more charcoal so as not to freeze to death. Yelude couldn't bear to let Feng Dao return to China). Feng Dao entered Beijing this time, just doing what he could to save people. At that time, the generals could not stop the Khitans, and let Yelu Deguang enter the Central Plains. Feng Dao thinks that he still has some weight in Yelu Deguang's heart, and he wants to save these people who are as cheap as ants in the troubled times, please see his answer to Yelu Deguang:

"Why did you come to see me" and said, "How dare you not come without soldiers and no city"

Just "what kind of Lao Tzu (old guy) you are" and "no talent, no virtue, stubborn Lao Tzu" has also become the capital of later generations of Confucian gentlemen to criticize Feng Daokou. It's just a shameless enemy.

The next sentence is the point. Just "how can the people of the world be saved" Feng Dao saved 10,000 people with one word, "At this time, the Buddha can't be saved, only the emperor can save it" One sentence reveals the true meaning: If you want to be the emperor, you have to leave these people! Only in this way will the people want you as the emperor! Justice is at ease in the hearts of the people! No matter how later generations attacked and belittled Feng Dao, because of this sentence at that time, countless people in the Central Plains survived. When Feng Dao went out of the funeral after his death, the people of Kaifeng spontaneously organized a procession on the side of the road, paper money flew all over the sky, and the leaves on the roadside turned gray.

Therefore, it is said that the five generations of ignorant monarchs can be loyal, but there is one thing that can be loyal. Be loyal to the people! Feng Dao did a really good job in this regard. In addition to saving hundreds of people from the hands of foreign emperors, Feng Dao donated all his money to the township and lived in a thatched hut for many years. The soldiers snatched the beauties and wanted to give them to Feng Dao, but Feng Dao resolutely didn't want to, so he couldn't refuse, so he found another house to raise, found family members for them, and sent them back to their hometowns for reunion. When he was at home for his father's filial piety, Lao Xian personally ploughed the fields. When some villagers were unable to farm due to illness, he would quietly plant for them in the middle of the night. In the well-off dynasty of Tang Mingzong, Feng Dao used the Tang Dynasty poet Nie Yizhong's "Wounded Tian Family" to "sell new silk in February, and new valley in May." Heal the sores in front of your eyes, but tear off the flesh of your heart. I want the king's heart to be turned into a candle of light. not according to the Qiluo feast, only according to the fugitive house" to persuade the emperor to be prepared for danger in times of peace and to be benevolent and righteous.

Feng Dao was really not a Confucian disciple. The sage of Confucius makes people hidden in troubled times. He didn't hide: Mr. Kong, don't lie to people. You yourself led a large group of disciples around to seek officials, why did you let us hide? So Feng Dao came out in the troubled times of the five generations. And it hasn't been down for decades. It is estimated that Confucius's proud disciples should also be jealous when they see this spring breeze. Not Confucianism or Taoism? Lao Tzu said that it is very Taoist. He is partial to words, and pursues the truth of what he says and what he does. It's not Confucianism or Taoism, maybe it's a little close to Mohist pragmatism, right?

In any case, Feng Laoxian traveled on April 17, the first year of Xiande (954). Chai Rong was a little melancholy: I still want you to see how I do Tang Taizong's second. But you go too early and can't see it. That's it! Wait for the day when I really become Tang Taizong, and then I will tell you about it.