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In the process of the rise of modern capitalism in England, there is an extremely important social change that is often overlooked: the traditional English aristocracy, under the impact of social wealth flow and new capital, the sale of official lords became a legal system, and opened up the once closed English aristocracy.

After the Hundred Years' War and the War of the Roses, a large number of traditional aristocratic families disappeared, and the number of nobles in England once dropped to only about 5o, but the Tudor dynasty still adhered to the "high gold content" aristocratic feudal system, and the number of nobles increased extremely limited.

However, by the Stuart dynasty, socio-economic and political changes gradually deepened, and the royal family of England changed from the cautious approach of the Tudor dynasty in the past, and several kings began to give money on a large scale. In 1615, the number of English nobles exceeded 8o, and by 1628 this number had increased to 126. The long-term emptiness of the treasury faced by the royal family is the main reason for the increasing proliferation of the official mantle.

The first recognised sale of a title of nobility in England was born in 1615. Domol spent £1oooo and became Baron Domol of Weining. The Stuart Dynasty's policy of vassalage for the purpose of accumulating wealth destroyed the stability of the traditional aristocracy in England in terms of quantitative structure, allowed the emerging gentry class who controlled a lot of wealth to gain more political power, and also had a strong impact on the future socio-economic and political order of England.

……

Sunday, November 17, 1641.

On the rolling plains of the Irish grassy hills, clumps of cows and sheep like marshmallows wriggle and desperately gnaw on the yellow and withered blades of grass for the coming winter. On the farms around Rose Lake, the last potatoes are being harvested before winter, and the large, heavy roots of the plants are piled up in wagons. Make the Irish farmers smile after a hard year.

After the Irish War, the peaceful Killarney Territory of Ireland was restored, and with its unique charm, it once again attracted more poor Irish people from all over Ireland to join, and the investment of small and medium-sized private enterprises in Killarney gradually increased. In order to reduce the cost of raw material processing and supply in China, the first yarn mill in Ireland jointly invested by Yang Wenwen and Dai Qingqing was established last year. From there, the flax and wool produced in Killarney will be directly made into linen and wool yarn and then exported to Huamei at a price at least one-third cheaper than Huamei's local mills.

The scale of agriculture and animal husbandry in the vicinity of the town continued to expand, and most of the primary agricultural and animal husbandry products were exported to the port of Kenmare in the south of Guò, and were exported to Europe by the "Killarney Rose Chamber of Commerce", which was controlled by Huamei behind the scenes. The demand for labour and the price of food, which is much lower than in other parts of Ireland, have caused the population of the villages around Killarney to soar by more than 30,000 over the years, with an influx of at least 3ooo people a year.

The economy is recovering again. This makes Killarney the hottest economic centre in County Kerry, Munster, and the target of County Cork, which has gained self-government. Representatives of the Cork City Autonomous Council have been staying in Killarney all year round, maintaining close trade ties and using Killarney as another channel of communication with the backstage supporter, Huamei.

Despite the significant increase in expenses, the net income of the estate under the Rose Estate in 1641 was estimated to be $6o, nearly double the amount it had had been a decade earlier. In addition to the symbolic contribution to the royal family of England. The abundance of funds enabled the local ruler, Dai Qingqing, to maintain a stronger local armed force to defend Huamei's economic interests in Ireland. It no longer needs a penny of support from China to independently undertake the vast majority of aid to the Cork County Home Council.

……

The church bells echoed over Killarney, and in a spacious, clean town that was very different from any other town in Ireland, the streets leading to the town church lined with well-dressed soldiers, all looking proud and unsquinting, as if they were being examined.

A silver yarmulme cap with feathers, a black uniform with snow-white tassels and armed belts, shiny boots, and a magnificent Type 34A rear-loading flint rifle. It's the standard attire of the Killarney Guard today. The backbone of the guard came from the losers of the Chinese American Foreign Legion, who did not make it to the Foreign Legion as they wished, but became the core of the guard of Baroness Killarney in Ireland.

The entire Killarney Guard now numbered more than 1,000 men, and was well-armed and well-trained, making it the most powerful local aristocratic force in the territory of Munster, Ireland.

The doors of the church opened, and a group of richly dressed nobles and men walked out, accompanied by local Irish priests. At the head was a middle-aged man with a goat's beard and a haggard face, and not far from him was a Chinese lady in a dark red luxury dress, accompanied by a young boy about five or six years old. As for the others. He was a few steps away from the man and woman quite tacitly.

"Many thanks to His Majesty the King for the entitle to Frank, who will be a qualified heir to the Baron Kenmare...... Out of support and recognition of His Majesty's Majesty, I believe that Banco Nacional Nacional will take care of the funds needed by His Majesty and that it is only a matter of time before the mob rebellion in Scotland is resolved. Dai Qingqing smiled toothlessly and said to Charles I, King of England, who was walking beside him, but his eyes were looking at the far south. As for Catholicism in Ireland, I'm sure you've seen that peaceful coexistence here will become a model for the whole of Ireland. ”

The Frank in Dai Qingqing's mouth is Dai Xinzhi, the only son of her and Dai Botong, and now he has officially obtained the title of baron of Kenmare Territory in the south of Killarney, and will legally inherit Dai Qingqing's title of Baron of Killarney in the future. And at a young age, he also had the title of Baron Hint, Marquis of Emden, Germany.

"Well, that's what the entire kingdom of England expects, and those damned Scottish thugs should have known long ago that I, as their king, deserve a bit of power to deal with the Scottish question!"

Dai Qingqing, who heard that he had received the benefits, was finally relieved, and Charles I's pale and haggard face actually flushed with a hint of ruddy. Another round of Scottish peasant revolt that began in 164o once again emptied Charles I's few fortunes, and the merchant members of the National Assembly, who had managed to pay off the national war reparations of 1636, were clearly apprehensive about the long parliament that Charles I had reconvened, and strongly disagreed with the increase in war appropriations.

The National Assembly was defeated in the Irish War of 1636, and many parliamentary party hardliners were marginalized. Charles I took the opportunity to pull another game back, but the plight of the English royal family was never resolved. In order to deal with the royal debts, Charles I confiscated the precious metals entrusted to the London goldsmiths who were deposited in the Tower of London, raised the seigniorage again, and even paid the royal debts with obsolete and worn currency of insufficient value.

This is a typical debt default behavior of the royal family. Extremely disgusting to the vast majority of the members of the National Assembly. The refusal of many to attend the long parliament almost led to a bitter internal crisis, and the tensions between the royalists and the parliamentary party looked difficult to manage.

As for the Netherlands, the interest rate on the loan had risen to a formidable level, and Charles I was absolutely unwilling to touch the vampire Dutch bankers again. At this juncture, in addition to continuing to borrow funds from Huamei. Charles I was already having a hard time finding a suitable source of funding.

This time, Charles I took a trip to Ireland under the pretext of cheekiness to privately ask the big benefactor Dai Qingqing for a loan, and for this reason he did not hesitate to expand the business scope of Killarney's territory by thousands of acres again, and even gave Dai Qingqing's son a baron title.

The small church seemed to have been flooded with too many people, and when Charles I and Dai Qingqing had already reached the end of the street, the church door kept coming out.

As the main person in charge of this trip to Ireland. Deputy Foreign Minister Shi Wenbo naturally had to follow closely behind the King of England, while her eldest daughter Shi Anli walked at the end of the crowd, accompanied by another "personal attendant".

The girl in the elegant dress will turn 18 in a month's time, and is now studying literature and art at a gorgeous Ivy League university, this time taking a leave of absence to accompany her parents to Ireland. Immediately beside her was a young European man dressed in the uniform of an officer of the 6th Army and wearing the rank of lieutenant.

This person is the 22-year-old Rupert, who met the "honorable Duchess of Santa Cruz" at the Chinese Consulate in Emden a few years ago. In pursuit of the best gorgeous Lori that was eye-catching. Rupert even took the initiative to apply to study at West Point and Ivy League universities.

After five years of residency and study in Huamei, the intelligent and courageous Rupert earned the rank of lieutenant awarded by the 6th Army of Huamei, and also earned a bachelor's degree in literature and art from an Ivy League university.

On the surface, Rupert's daily habits and conversation are not much different from that of a Chinese European young man, but his unattainable status as a European aristocrat once caused a strong unrequited love among many European girls in Ivy League universities. But everyone knows that the girl Rupert loves is the daughter of the deputy foreign minister. Now that Rupert has finished his studies and is about to return to China, this time he accompanied Shi Anli to Ireland by the way.

"God forbid, Xiao Zhi looks like he's sick today." Shi Anli looked worriedly at the front of the crowd. I was quite concerned about the little boy who was frightened by his parents in public.

"Yes, he's too young, and he's been standing for at least two hours, and I won't be able to stand it." Rupert very graciously and thoughtfully opened the carriage door for his goddess, after obtaining the consent of the gaze of some "stern elder" in the distance. Very happily sat in the same carriage with Shi Anli.

"Rupert, when will you go to Manchester City again? I heard that your father is planning to let you go to Holstein (the northernmost part of Germany)? ”

The young people around her have left a good impression on Shi Anli since the day they met, especially the elegant artistic accomplishment of playing the gorgeous piano with one hand, which makes the girl who is just beginning to fall in love often think about it. Thinking of her father's ambiguous attitude of inexplicably keeping a certain distance between herself and the other party and not completely opposing, Shi Anli was secretly sad, thinking that her father did not agree with her relationship with Rupert to get closer. But his mother, Anna, had long been impatient to find a future husband for herself everywhere in the Spanish aristocratic circle.

Living with those vulgar Spanish countrymen who don't like cleanliness makes Annley feel disgusted just thinking about it.

"Well, Father hopes to recruit more reliable soldiers there to protect Emden." Rupert straightened his chest, but his gaze at the girl next to him was surprisingly gentle, "God testifies, even in Holstein, I miss Miss Julia's ...... all the time."

The young man's unmistakable confession made Shi Anli blush, and the two sat silently side by side in the carriage and headed towards the Rose Manor in the distance.

……

“…… Charles I estimated that it would be difficult to digest the shock we had on him. He doesn't seem to be mentally ready to set up a family affair for his daughter early in accordance with 'our tradition'. ”

There were no expensive electric lights in the living room of Rose Manor, and the classical candlelight surrounded the men and women present, and Sven Bonafo's body was sunk in the sand, mocking the departed King of England in a laughing tone.

"Now the signs are clear that the English Civil War will explode in a year or two at the latest, and that with a little bit of manipulation we will inevitably find Charles I in a situation where he will not be able to take it, and soon he will recall the topic of today. At that point, he can't wait to pack his daughter and send it to Killarney! ”

Dai Qingqing pinched the wine glass and shook it gently, as if she was full of confidence in her baby son's plan to "occupy the magpie's nest". Because of the marriage of European nobles, the woman's use of territory, title and property as a dowry is the traditional rule of "recognition of consistency", and it is also a legal transitional means of property transfer and political power. Moreover, the King's Court of England allowed marriages under the age of 12, and there were records of how old a marriage agreement was obtained in Europe during the same period.

"The child is too young, Qingqing, it is not good for his growth. We should not sacrifice the happiness of our children to achieve political goals. Dai Botong was the only person present who showed a worried look, as Dai Xinzhi's father, he was anxious about his wife Dai Qingqing so deliberately letting a child less than six years old bear such a big historical burden.

"When he becomes Prince of Ireland, he will understand...... This is the preference and compensation that history has given him. Dai Qingqing bit her lip and replied to Dai Botong word by word.

"By the way, what about your daughter and Prince Rupert?" As if to change the topic, Dai Qingqing turned his head to Shi Wenbo again.

"They love being together and don't have to worry about it at all. Rather than let Rupert, a military genius, fall into the hands of Charles I, it is better to serve us. Hey, speaking of which, my daughter and I have been talking for far less time than before, and the woman is not left......" Shi Wenbo deliberately made a heartache look, so that Dai Botong and his wife couldn't help but show a disdainful expression.

"Mom, I'm scared ......"

Suddenly, the door of the living room opened, and I saw little Dai Xinzhi wearing pajamas and holding a big pillow in his arms. Probably frightened by the crowd in the church during the day, and now standing pitifully in the doorway, shivering.

"What's wrong with honey?" Dai Qingqing hurriedly ran over a few steps, hugged her son into her arms, and looked up at the Irish nanny behind her son.

"I'm sorry, ma'am, he thought...... I want to sleep with you. The nanny quickly leaned down in panic.

"Come, Dad will sleep with you today." Dai Botong also walked over, held his son in his arms, and touched the other party's little face distressedly.

"Well, I'm going to sleep with my mom and dad." Xiao Dai Xinzhi turned his head and looked at his mother reluctantly, the tears on his face had not been wiped away.

"Well, I won't bother your family gatherings." Shi Wenbo touched his nose and missed it by the door, while squeezing his eyebrows at Dai Botong.

Looking at the far away Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs, Dai Qingqing actually blushed. Because even if she married Dai Botong in the past few years, she has always stayed in her homeland or Ireland on the grounds of teaching her children, and she rarely meets Dai Botong. And Dai Botong, who has been away for a long time with heavy responsibilities, rarely has time to reunite with his wife and children.

"For my son's sake, let's rest together today." Dai Qingqing kissed her son, grabbed Dai Botong's arm with a smile, and the three of them slowly walked towards the depths of the corridor.