Chapter 676: The Officials and Gentry Receive Food in One
Chen Xinjia announced the decree on behalf of the emperor, and at the same time made a high-profile intervention and command in the battle to exterminate the Liukou, and made large-scale adjustments to the previous battle plan of Sun Chuanting, the governor of the five provinces, which led to the need for the imperial army to be redeployed and adjusted, which would inevitably delay time, and the battle originally planned to start in early July had to be postponed.
Zheng Xunrui of Nanjing, for the intervention of the imperial court and Chen Xinjia's high profile, seems to have foreseen, at this time, he suddenly shifted his attention to the matter of the gentry of Nanzhili to pay for food, perhaps it is the adjustment of important officials such as Nanjing's six Shangshu and Shilang, which gave Zheng Xunrui confidence, and also made the officials of Nanzhili and Huaibei see the essence clearly, so that Zheng Xunrui's prestige in Nanzhili is already very unusual.
In fact, the matter of the official gentry receiving grain in one piece, Zhang Juzheng in the Wanli period had already done it.
Zhang Juzheng implemented a whip law, the so-called whip law, that is, the field endowment, forced labor, etc., into one piece, all into the acres of land, according to the amount of silver to be levied, and directly collected by the local government.
The core of a whip law is that Zhang Ju is calculated according to the land owned by the Ming Dynasty, which means that no matter whether the cultivated land belongs to the scholars or the common people, all of them must bear the taxes. In order to do this, it is first necessary to clear the grain fields throughout the country, and it is necessary to find out how much arable land there is.
Zhang Juzheng implemented a whip law, which was strongly opposed by the princes and grandsons, scholars, and even court officials, which directly infringed on their interests, and suppressed the annexation of land by the powerful to the greatest extent, and harmed the interests of the scholar and doctor class. In the eighth year of Wanli, the Qingzhang field grain was finally completed, and the number of acres measured reached 701,000 hectares.
In the tenth year of Wanli, Zhang Juzheng died of illness, and a whip law he implemented encountered strong opposition from officials. It was soon abolished, for which Zhang Juzheng was stripped of all titles, confiscated his family property, and his children and grandchildren were either executed or distributed, and his situation was miserable.
Zheng Xunrui knew very well that the whip law implemented by Zhang Juzheng was of great benefit to the Ming Dynasty. Later historians have analyzed that if Zhang Juzheng can live for about ten more years, then the fate of the Ming Dynasty may undergo major changes.
Zheng Xunrui, who crossed over, still has to thank Zhang Juzheng, Zhang Juzheng implemented the Qingzhang field grain, and figured out the actual amount of cultivated land in the Ming Dynasty, which is for Zheng Xunrui, who is ready to implement the integration of officials and gentry to pay grain. Saves a lot of things.
Zhang Juzheng implemented the Qingzhang field grain in the same year, and its data has always been stored in the Hanlin Academy. The local data has been destroyed by the officials, but the Hanlin Academy has been preserved, and these key data have all been obtained by Zheng Xunrui, who has a heart.
What Zheng Xunrui has to do now is to continue to implement a whip law in Nanzhili, Shaanxi and Fuzhou. He will fully implement a whip law, and of course he will continue to improve a whip law, with the focus on protecting the interests of farmers who lease land for farming.
Zhang Juzheng implemented a whip law in the same year, which was first implemented in Fujian and achieved great success. The taxes of the imperial court increased exponentially, but there was a problem that Zhang Juzheng did not notice, that is, the scholar class put all the burden on the peasant households, that is to say, the field rent collected by the scholars did not change, and the taxes paid to the imperial court were also borne by the peasant households, so the scholars still did not have a big loss, unless the farmers who leased the cultivated land felt that the pressure was too great to bear, then the scholars would have losses, and it was precisely for this reason that Zhang Juzheng's whip method could be pushed away in a short period of time.
Zheng Xunrui's method is different, on the basis of a whip law, he implements the integration of officials and gentry.
The rise and fall of the country is the responsibility of the husband, and the scholar class has an unshirkable responsibility.
Zheng Xunrui's reason is very sufficient, the imperial court began to levy and expropriate wages, and the task of Caoyun increased sharply, all of which increased the pressure on Nanzhili and Shaanxi and other places.
Zheng Xunrui's method was to implement a whip law at the same time, stipulating that the amount of land rent should not exceed 30 percent of the annual harvest, and that taxes should be spent on this 30 percent.
Zheng Xunrui was ready to implement the idea of the official gentry receiving grain on the basis of a whip law, and after it was revealed, Xu Wanghua immediately began a nervous calculation with Luo Changluo, the right attendant of the Nanjing Household Department, Liang Xingli and others.
South Zhili and Zhejiang and other places, belongs to the main grain production area of the Ming Dynasty, its grain yield per mu is almost twice as much as the north, the previous imperial court for the calculation of taxes is the same, that is, the north and the south of the grain tax calculation method is the same, so that the people in the north suffer, but Zheng Xunrui will not be so calculated, he asked the south Zhili per mu of cultivated land to pay 20 draws, that is, to occupy about 5% of the total annual output, after such calculations, the tax per mu of cultivated land in South Zhili is five dollars of silver, In Shaanxi, the tax per mu of cultivated land is only three coins of silver.
The implementation of the integrated payment of grain by the officials and gentry, and the provision of the field rent income of the scholar class, which is equivalent to directly restricting the land annexation, and seriously damaging the interests of the scholar class, will inevitably encounter a larger-scale rebound, but Zheng Xunrui no longer cares, if the situation of tax collection can not be changed, then the matter of land annexation will become more and more serious, resulting in less and less income of the government, and the burden of the people is getting heavier and heavier, and finally the people rebel and the dynasty falls.
The implementation of the integration of the official gentry to pay grain, in Nanjing six also produced a lot of controversy, including Xu Wanghua and others are very worried, but Xu Wanghua and others have followed Zheng Xunrui for a long time, and have long known Zheng Xunrui's thoughts and purposes, Zheng Xunrui has begun to fully collect trade taxes in Nanzhili, although it is collected in the name of Hongmen protection fees, the implementation of the policy of collecting protection fees, but also after a fierce struggle, but in the end it was fully promoted and implemented, Nanzhili, Huaibei and other places of businessmen, As well as merchants from other places who came to Nanzhili to do business, they were also forced to accept.
Next, the implementation of the integrated payment of grain by the officials and gentry must also be vigorously implemented.
As for the possible opposition, it is not so fatal, Zheng Xunrui's thunderous means, the officials at all levels of Nanzhili, who doesn't know, if it weren't for the special circumstances, Donglin Academy, Fushe and Yingshe, etc., would also suffer heavy losses, Donglin Academy has been thriving in Nanzhili for nearly 40 years, Zheng Xunrui is not in a short period of time, in Nanzhili completely pulled out the roots of the Donglin Party.
The emperor and the court said better, the pressure on Nanzhili is so great, grain, taxes, etc., plus the increase in wages, if you can't increase taxes, how can you bear it, and the emperor agrees to increase taxes, but the adults in the court are unwilling to increase for their own interests, Zheng Xunrui's proposal to ask the officials and gentry to pay grain in one piece will be approved by the emperor, and if the adults in the court are strongly opposed, they will form an opposition with the emperor.
Today's Zheng Xunrui, if he wants to implement the policy, he must implement it in place, not to mention that the people in the court oppose it, even if the emperor does not agree, it must be implemented.
The household department has calculated all the tax amounts and has also come up with specific implementation measures for the integrated payment of grain by the officials and gentry.
The officials of the six departments of Nanjing, such as Shangshu, left and right Shilang, and the left and right imperial historians of the Metropolitan Inspection Yuan, were all concentrated in the military department.
Luo Changluo, the secretary of the household department in Nanjing, read out the document of the official gentry paying grain in one piece.
Whispered discussions soon appeared, because of Zheng Xunrui's majesty, no one dared to stand up against it, and the six Shangshu were basically Zheng Xunrui's henchmen or trusted officials.
After Luo Changluo finished reading it, Zheng Xunrui looked at everyone and slowly spoke.
"Why do you want to implement the integration of the official gentry to pay food, the plan has been said very clearly, I will not make other explanations, I just want to emphasize the punishment measures, there are many scholars and doctors in Nanzhili, and their families or children are officials in the capital and Daming, these people are afraid to strongly oppose the matter of the integration of the gentry and the gentry, and the local government of Nanzhili is afraid that it is difficult to do, so I will say two points."
"The first point is that all the scholars and doctors who have strong opposition, no matter what kind of power they have behind them, as long as they are strongly opposed and do not pay taxes, they will be severely punished, and the local government will put forward specific suggestions for dealing with them, whether it is confiscation of family property or exile, etc., the Nanjing Sixth Department and the Metropolitan Procuratorate are all supportive, and I need to remind those scholars that the Nanjing Sixth Department and the Metropolitan Procuratorate are qualified to deal with these matters directly."
"The second point, the officials at all levels of the Southern Zhili must strictly implement the matter of the integration of the officials and gentry to pay the grain, if there are officials who are unwilling to carry out, and those who violate the yang and yin in it, they will be severely punished, and the officials below the four grades will be directly dealt with by the Nanjing Sixth Department and the Metropolitan Procuratorate, and the official will be removed from official positions or even exiled, and the officials above the fourth grade will be dealt with by the Six Antarctic Departments and the Metropolitan Procuratorate, and the emperor and the imperial court will be presented."
Zheng Xunrui's words made the room silent.
No one thought that it would be necessary to know that dealing with and punishing officials would require the permission of the emperor and the imperial court, but Zheng Xunrui asked for direct treatment, and he could also be exiled, such a strict punishment, which official dared not to do anything, this is a matter involving the life of the family and the family.
Xu Wanghua looked at Zheng Xunrui, his face was very calm, he was responsible for organizing and coordinating the matter of the official gentry's integrated payment of grain, Zheng Xunrui said such powerful words, undoubtedly to support his next move, with such a Shang Fang sword, presumably the matter of the official gentry receiving food can be pushed away smoothly. (To be continued......)