168. Pharmacy

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"Zhang Dunwu, take a break. (The fastest update speed is all in the biquge.info of Aishang Novel Network)" Tian Chao (recommended by the lonely heart of a book friend) greeted Zhang Qizhong. "This ghost place, this ghost weather, why is it hotter than our Dongning."

"Yes!" Zhang Qizhong answered, and greeted at the same time. "Niu San, you take two people to explore the road in front, and the others find a shaded place to rest." After the distribution was completed, Zhang Qizhong smiled and handed the bamboo tube beside him to Tian Chao. "Lord Tian, it's okay for us to come here to investigate these things, you are a dignified captain of the Seventh Rank Zhongwu Colonel, what are you doing here?"

"Captain Zhengqipin Zhongwu can't take the lead?" Tian Chao smiled and waved his hand. "You keep the water yourself, I have it." As he spoke, he also took out a bamboo tube and took care of it before drinking. "The big guys have listened well, this water is saved to drink, the Lord has already explained, the so-called water and soil are not adapted because of drinking too much raw water, now we are far away from the camp, and the boiling water cannot be replenished for a while, so try to save a little."

A group of soldiers agreed with a bang, but how many people could hold back their thirst and not take a big sip of Ganwei's cold boiled water, this remains to be seen, but Zhang Qizhong listened carefully, so he just dipped his mouth with water and stuffed the plug back into his waist.

"Lord Tian, you are the old man of the Lord's Boy Scouts, you tell me, why are you building this marine corps above?" Zhang Qizhong asked for advice. "This land is originally a matter of Lu Shi, what is it that we are competing for jobs with others."

"Can't the sailors go ashore?" Tian Chao, who was born in the Bingchen period, is the commander of the Zhonghai Corps in Zhang Qizhong's mouth, but his commander cannot be compared with Ma Ying, and even Chen Yi's other divisions cannot be compared. "According to your words, will the water master still let Lu Shi guard the water village for us in the future?"

"No, no, that's not what it means." Zhang Qizhong waved his hand in a panic. "To be humble is to ask"

"I know you didn't mean that," Tian Chao chuckled. "You just don't want to go to land and fight Qinglu." Tian Chao said it lightly, but Zhang Qizhong was even more nervous, and he listened to Tian Chao continue to talk at this time. "Actually, I don't want to go on land, on land, it's just a fierce hand-to-hand combat with a knife and a shot, how can there be a command of gunboats at sea, and ten thousand cannons will blast his mother's majesty, but there are plans above, and the military order cannot be violated."

Zhang Qizhong gently wiped the cold sweat: "I want to ask what the meaning of this military order is." ”

"Bird, a deep meaning." Tian Chao said rudely. "It's the same as you think, just to compete with the Lu Division, in order to prove that our Sailor is also capable of fighting land battles, but he kicked you and my brother here." Before Tian Chao's complaint was finished, the rear team came up, and a lieutenant from the Seventh Rank Guard Military Academy and two lieutenants from the Eighth Rank Xiuwu saw Tian Chao sitting on the side of the road and hurriedly leaned over. "Bad luck." Zhang Qizhong didn't dare to answer from Jiupin, but he also knew that these words were aimed at the supervision of his team. "Zhang Qizhong, you have rested enough, take your people first." Zhang Qizhong immediately responded, and at this time he heard Tian Chao say to the few people who rushed over. "Let the rear team rest quickly and strive to enter Yazhou City in the afternoon"

Qiongzhou is already in a stormy situation, but Zheng Kezang, who is sitting alone in Diaoyutai, has found a hospital to solve the problems of new immigrants who are not adapted to the soil and water and are full of epidemics.

Pharmaceutical administration in ancient China first began in the Zhou Dynasty. "Zhou Li? The Heavenly Official Tsukasa Zai recorded: "The decree of the physician in charge of the doctor, the gathering of poison to share (note: common supply) of medical affairs." Whoever is sick or sores in the kingdom will divide and cure them. At the end of the year, they will check their medical affairs, and make their food, ten of them are the best, ten of them are lost, ten of them are lost, ten of them are two, ten of them are three times, and ten of them are four." The physician mentioned here is the chief of all doctors and is in charge of the administrative affairs of the country's medicine and health. The government is in charge of drugs and equipment; Historical documents and medical cases; He served as a servant and cared for the sick and medicines.

The Qin and Han dynasties inherited the system of the Zhou Dynasty, and set up the Taiyi Ling and the Taiyi Cheng to master the medicine decree, and there was one Yao Cheng and Fang Cheng under the Taiyi Cheng, among which the Yao Cheng was the main medicine and the Fang Cheng was the main prescription. In addition, there are medical officials such as the Materia Medica, the Medical Doctor, the Prescription Medicine, the Chief of the Middle Palace, and the Taiguan of the Medicine.

From the Northern and Southern Dynasties to the Sui and Tang dynasties, a special drug collection bureau was set up under the Taiyi Administration, and special personnel responsible for drug delivery, distribution, and storage management appeared. Among them, the Tang Dynasty Drug Collection Bureau has two Lang and two Cheng, Lang and medicine, and Cheng Ze Er. Different from the Taiyi Office of the previous dynasties, the Taiyi Office of the Tang Dynasty was not only the highest medical institution in the country, but also a medical education institution, consisting of four parts: administrative management, teaching, medical treatment, and pharmaceutical engineering. There is a special "doctor of medicine, one teaching assistant, and 20 physicians." Doctors of Medicine teach all living beings with medical skills". What is even more amazing is that the Tang Dynasty's medical management institutions and personnel have a detailed division of labor, clear responsibilities, medical education has been developed, and medical personnel are "examined, such as the law of the country (supervisor)".

Time advanced to the Song Dynasty, in order to strengthen the management of medicine, the central government improved the management system of the Taiyi Bureau, and set up the Hanlin Medical Academy, which was in charge of medical decrees and medical affairs, and had institutions in charge of the drug administration "Imperial Medicine Academy" and "Shang Yao Bureau", of which the Imperial Medicine Institute kept the precious drugs donated at home and abroad, and served the royal family and nobles, and the Shang Pharmaceutical Bureau was the highest pharmaceutical administration institution, and the original Taiyi Bureau was in charge of medical education.

After the Northern Song Dynasty implemented Wang Anshi's reform, the new policy was implemented, and the national drug trade agency "Official Pharmacy Bureau" was established according to the "City Yi Law", which was later changed to "Taiping Huimin Bureau", which was the earliest national pharmacy in Chinese history, and also made drug management into the scope of national legal management. After the establishment of the "Official Pharmacy Bureau", it took the lead in promulgating the drug standard "Taiping Huimin and Pharmacy Bureau" (hereinafter referred to as "the Bureau"), which promoted the patent medicine and reduced the price of medicine, which played a great role in the people's health and the treatment of diseases, and the development of drug trade. The Song Dynasty also stipulated in the form of law the professional ethics of doctors and the responsibility for medical malpractice, and those who used medicine to defraud property were punished as bandits; Quacks who accidentally injure people and cause death shall be brought to justice by law; Officials in charge who do not show compassion for their subordinates' sickness shall also be punished.

In the Yuan Dynasty, the Mongols dominated the Yuan Dynasty in the establishment of the Imperial Pharmacy, the Imperial Pharmacy Bureau and other management institutions for the royal family and nobles to repair the royal medicine and medicines, but also set up a non-governmental drug administration institutions, such as "Guanghui Division", "Guangji Lifting Division", "Dadu Huimin Bureau", "Huihui Pharmaceutical Hospital" and so on.

At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Chongba first set up a medical lifting department, and after three years of Hongwu (1370), he set up a Huimin pharmacy and a crude drug warehouse under the Tai Hospital, and each of the bureaus had an ambassador and a deputy envoy. Its duty is to "distinguish the soil and the appropriateness of the medicine, choose the good (楛: evil, bad), and use it carefully." The Quartet accepted the drugs, and the hospital officials collected and stored the crude drug warehouse, when it was dry and damp, and a member of the Ministry of Rites inspected it"

In fact, since the Ming and Zheng Dynasty recovered Taiwan across the sea, they attached great importance to medical problems because of the island's suffering and lack of medical treatment, but during the Zheng Chenggong period, the military medical system was the mainstay. In the era when Zheng Jing opened up Taiwan, with the gradual rooting of the soldiers and civilians and the growth of the population, the simple military medical system could no longer meet the needs of the people, so Zheng Jing re-established the Tai Hospital to take charge of Ming Zheng's medical treatment. However, just as the medical system of Ming and Zheng was becoming more and more perfect, the westward expedition to the mainland interrupted this process. Since then, with the continuous war, the Tai Hospital has not been able to operate perfectly, and only bears a small part of the responsibility for the medical treatment of Zheng Kezhang and the high-ranking officials and dignitaries of the Ming Dynasty, but now it is time to correct this problem.

"Shao Zhangyuan." Zheng Kezhang explained. "It is urgent for Huimin Pharmacy to be re-established, and it means that every pharmacy must have a pharmacy, and each pharmacy must be equipped with two or three doctors."

"The Lord cares for the suffering of the people, and his subordinates feel the same way, but Dongning's medicine is insufficient, and there are many doctors and healers." The white-bearded Shao Lingchu cried bitterly. "Unless the Lord releases the military physicians"

"Now that the Tartars are not dead, it is common for the military to flourish, so it is impossible to release the military doctors." Zheng Kezhang immediately vetoed it, but he still let go. "However, if the pharmacy is reopened, it will allow military physicians and doctors to go to the pharmacy for consultation in their spare time." Shao Lingchu's face was happy, but he listened to Zheng Kezhang continue. "However, this is not a fundamental plan, and I think that the hospital will set up a medical school to recruit medical apprentices in case it is needed."

"The Lord is trying to emulate the Tang system?" Shao Lingchu nodded at first, then shook his head. "I'm just afraid that it won't be urgent!"

"It's not too late to make amends." Zheng Kezhang sees the long term. "The sooner you do it, the sooner it works." As soon as these words came out, Shao Lingchu was silent, and at this time he listened to Zheng Kezang's promise. "If the medical school is established, the domain can set up medical offices and medical officers in each county, and their quality is equivalent to that of the county office."

Shao Lingchu moved in his heart, of course, he is now the head of the Tai Hospital of the fourth grade, so naturally he will not be moved by the medical officer of the sixth or seventh grade, but there are also many disciples and grandchildren under his disciples, not all of them are qualified to come to the Tai Hospital, if he becomes a county medical officer, it is also a way out, so he changed his attitude.

"Your Majesty understands that Your Majesty will arrange it later, and you will be able to set up a medical school within this year."

Seeing Shao Lingchu's change of words, Zheng Kezhang nodded with satisfaction, and then the topic turned to the issue of medicinal herbs: "As for the shortage of medicinal herbs, it is easy to solve, the Tai Hospital needs to list the details, which Dongning has production, and which ones need to be imported overseas. ”

But this can't immediately solve the current problem of treating the people, so Zheng Kezhang came up with a big killer move: "In addition, the Tai Hospital will immediately draw out ten imperial doctors, and the army will also arrange ten doctors to go to the countryside in various counties from now on." Looking at the dumbfounded Shao Lingchu, Zheng Kezhang said word by word. Before the establishment of Huimin Pharmacy, this had to become a system! ”

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