Chapter 663: Two Wonderful Chess
After the establishment of the Seoul branch of the Kyushu Chamber of Commerce, it will be responsible for handling the increasingly frequent trade between the Ming Dynasty and the Korean Kingdom, standardizing the trade order between the two countries, not only promoting the flow of goods between the two sides, but also collecting customs duties for the construction of the frontier in Liaodong.
"The villain is willing, thank you for the promotion!"
Knowing that Li Yuntian wanted to appoint him as the vice president of the Seoul branch of the Kyushu Chamber of Commerce, and that the Seoul branch of the Kyushu Chamber of Commerce would be responsible for the commerce and trade between the Ming Dynasty and the Korean state, Park Yongji was immediately surprised and delighted, so that he would not control the power of the foreign trade of the Korean state, and then suppressed his excitement and solemnly kowtowed to Li Yuntian.
"The operation of the Kyushu Chamber of Commerce is different from that of your Songshang, if you want to be independent, then you must be familiar with the rules and processes of the Kyushu Chamber of Commerce, and I think you can be qualified for this position." Seeing this, Li Yuntian smiled slightly and opened his mouth to instruct.
"The Envoy reassures the Lord, the villain will not disappoint the love of the Adult." Park Yongji nodded again and again when he heard this, his mind was a little trance, and he couldn't believe that this thing was true for a while.
"This envoy will give you a month to deal with personal affairs, and then come to Seoul to find someone from the Kyushu Chamber of Commerce, and I hope you can participate in the preparation for the establishment of the Kyushu Chamber of Commerce Seoul Branch." Li Yuntian saw that Park Yongji was full of momentum, and his face couldn't help but show a look of approval, and letting Park Yongji participate in the preparation for the establishment of the Seoul branch of the Kyushu Chamber of Commerce would undoubtedly make him have a greater sense of belonging.
"Lord Envoy, the villain will come to Seoul after handing over the account books at hand." Park Yongji kowtowed to Li Yuntian again, and then left happily, he gained a lot from coming to Taiping Pavilion this time.
"The upper envoy is broad-minded, and the lower official is deeply admired." After Park Yongji left, Cui Li bowed to Li Yuntian and said solemnly, it is really rare for a Ming official like Li Yuntian to be entrusted with the important task of a Korean businessman, and it can also be seen that Li Yuntian has a broad mind.
"The envoy just gave him a chance, and how he will do it in the future depends on his own creation." Li Yuntian smiled disapprerovingly, then looked at Cui Li quietly and asked, "What do you think of your country's imperial examination system?" ”
"In the long run, the country will not be a country!" Cui Li groaned for a moment when he heard this, and then bowed to Li Yuntian and replied.
"Haha......" Li Yuntian suddenly laughed, it is really rare for the children of the two classes of elites like Cui Li to clearly see the shortcomings of the Korean imperial examination system, I am afraid that those two classes of elites are busy with how to annex land and enrich their own pockets.
When it comes to the imperial examination system of the Joseon Kingdom, then we have to mention the Ketian system established by the Joseon Dynasty Taizu Yi Sung-gye.
During the Goryeo Dynasty, the system of land state ownership was implemented, but since the middle of the Goryeo Dynasty, the land annexation of the wealthy clans and monasteries has become more and more strict, and the farms of the big landlords have been numerous, and the land state ownership system has been gradually destroyed, and the state-owned land has been occupied by the powerful ministers, and it has been expanded unscrupulously, resulting in a disordered tax system, a difficult life for the peasants, and a crisis in the country's economic foundation, similar to the collapse of the Juntian system in the Tang Dynasty.
The possession of land by the powerful ministers is the capital that allows them to exercise power and fortune in the government and government, and the powerful ministers who occupy most of the land in the state can naturally influence the state finances, and then they can influence the state politics and exclude the scholars who suppress dissent.
Therefore, in order to crack down on the elite who opposed his establishment of the country, Yi Sung-gye, the founding emperor of the Joseon Dynasty, had to reform the field system, and only by weakening the foundation of the powerful ministers could he get rid of them in one fell swoop.
In 1388, Li Chenggui announced the nationalization of more than 300 pieces of land belonging to Buddhist temples and the confiscation of all private land deeds in the northeast and northwest of the country.
In 1390 AD, Li Chenggui ordered the burning of public and private fields in the streets, and the fire was not extinguished for several days.
In 1391 A.D., Yi Sung-gye asked the officials to re-measure the country's land, totaling more than 790,000 knots (including cultivated land and wasteland), and announced the implementation of the Ketian Law, which had been in chaos since the middle of the Goryeo Dynasty, and restored the land state ownership system, redistributing the land to the peasants, and protecting their right to use. According to the national regulations, land in the Gyeonggi area is granted to officials serving in Beijing according to the section (rank), which is called Ketian.
150 knots in the first Kedetian, decreasing in turn, to 10 knots in the 18th Kedetian.
Military fields were placed outside Gyeonggi to support sergeants.
Regardless of the quality of the local officials and the "idle good", according to the amount of their Honda, they each gave 10 knots or 5 knots to the military field.
Judging from the fact that "after the death of the person who receives the field, his wife has a son and daughter-in-law and is trustworthy, and the whole department will pass it on, and those who have no son and daughter-in-law and are trustworthy will be reduced by half", both Ketian and Juntian allow different hereditary lines.
There is also a meritorious field, which can be passed down from descendant to descendant, and public and private slaves and maids, industry and commerce, fortune sellers, prostitutes, monks and nuns, etc., are not allowed to receive land, where public and private fields are rented, paddy fields 1 knot 30 buckets of brown rice, dry field 1 knot 30 buckets of mixed grains.
In addition to mausoleums, warehouses, palaces, public offices, and meritorious fields, those who have land are all subject to land tax, 1 knot of white rice and 2 buckets of rice in paddy fields, and 2 buckets of soybeans in dry fields. Ketian, Juntian, and Gongxian fields are all private land, and the rest of the land is public land, and public land is used as a source of state expenditure.
Military land and science fields must pay land taxes to the state, so they are incomplete private land, and the important thing is that the state sets the amount of public and private land rent. ”
The implementation of the Ketian Law is of positive significance, because it restricts the expropriation and extortion of large farm owners, is conducive to the strengthening of central power, and is also conducive to the development of productive forces to a certain extent.
According to the regulations of the Koda Law, land is allocated according to the status (rank) of the person, and is usually only enjoyed during the lifetime of the person. The recipient of the land received the right to rent, while the farmer received the right to cultivate.
It was customary to pay half of the harvest as a rent, usually paid to the State as a tax, and the peasants' livelihood was improved by the fact that the peasants' possession of the land as tenant farmers was guaranteed in terms of their right to cultivation and could not be confiscated.
In addition, the accumulation of land by the two classes (i.e., the nobles with official positions) was strictly controlled by a provision that Ketian would be granted only in the Gyeonggi region around the capital, where the government could easily supervise and monitor the creation of local tyrants to prevent the creation of local tyrants from threatening the central government.
The Ketian system was a battle without a sword and a sword, and through the reform of the Guòtian system, the old aristocracy lost its economic base and collapsed, and Li Chenggui and his confidants and new officials (Zheng Daochuan, Zhao Jun, etc.) resolutely implemented the reform, acquired a large amount of land, and then controlled the national economy.
Therefore, in 1392, after the implementation of the Kejeon system, Yi Sung-gye, who had cleared the hindrance of the old aristocracy of the Goryeo Dynasty, established the dynastic kingdom.
Although Yi Sung-gye successfully attacked the old nobles of the Goryeo Dynasty with the Ketian system, it also laid a huge hidden danger for the Joseon Dynasty, causing the new two classes of nobles to rise rapidly, and the annexation of the fields far exceeded that of the Goryeo Dynasty.
The imperial examinations of the Joseon Dynasty were divided into three types: orthodox imperial examinations, martial examinations and miscellaneous imperial examinations, the former was the privilege of the two groups of disciples, and ordinary people could only participate in miscellaneous examinations.
After the founding of the country, Yi Sung-gye also inherited the old system of the Goryeo period, forming a new two classes of nobles, whose identity was passed down from generation to generation, and became the ruling class of the Joseon Dynasty, monopolizing the rights and interests of the state.
Like the old two classes of nobility of the Goryeo Dynasty, the two classes of nobles of the Joseon Dynasty held the economic foundation of the Joseon Dynasty from the time of its founding.
In Li Chenggui's reform of the Ketian system, the meritorious heroes led by Chung Daochuan seized the land from the old aristocracy, and after the founding of the People's Republic of China, due to the fields (Ketian) and Yulu (so-called meritorious fields) granted by Li Chenggui under various names, coupled with the commoner fields occupied and annexed by the two classes of nobles privately, the wealth of the two classes continued to accumulate, and the government tax sources were increasingly stretched, and the economic privileges of the two classes caused the country to be poor and weak.
Since King Sejong of the Joseon Dynasty, the current King of Joseon, Yi Tao, the expansion of the two classes of farms has been irrepressible, and the ******** of the two classes has reduced the landless peasants to tenant farmers, and the two classes with enough farms and slaves have accelerated the reclamation of barren land and further annexed the land, making their wealth snowball.
At the local level, the two classes of officials fished the people and obtained huge land rents, and on the political level, the officials of the two classes were also wealthy, which caused disorder and many drawbacks in the imperial court.
Eventually, the two classes of nobles became an insurmountable gulf between the common people and the royal family, and they held the actual right to rule the country, which in turn led to the decline of the royal family.
As the son of the declining two classes of magnates, Cui Li deeply experienced the warmth and coldness of human feelings and the cold state of the world, so he can look at the consequences of the two classes of magnates swallowing the land from an objective point of view, which will not only make the people's lives difficult, but also empty the royal power.
However, in order to reverse the situation in which the two classes of magnates of the Joseon Kingdom annexed land, it was necessary to first reject the Ketian system initiated by Yi Sung-gye, the great king of the Joseon Dynasty, and second, to deal with the vested interests of the Ketian system, the two classes of magnates who controlled the power of the Joseon Kingdom.
Speaking of which, the Ketian system of the Korean Kingdom is very similar to the Tuntian system of the Ming Dynasty, and the reason why Li Yuntian has not moved the Tuntian system for a long time is not only because the Tuntian system is the ancestral system set by Taizu of the Ming Dynasty, but more importantly, it is closely related to the interests of the Ming Dynasty.
Therefore, Li Yuntian tried every means to establish the Jiangwutang and Xiaowu Army, and gradually replaced the tuntian system with the conscription system in foreign wars.
"Cui Jianshen, are you willing to work with this envoy to end your country's imperial examination system, which makes the two classes of officials increasingly big, and create a peaceful and prosperous era for the people!" After laughing for a while, Li Yuntian turned around and looked at Cui Li with a stern expression.
"The envoy saved the life of the lower official, and the lower official is willing to follow the adult to the death, and go to the soup and fire, at any cost."
Cui Li did not hesitate at all when he heard this, he bowed his hand to Li Yuntian and replied solemnly, his eyes were full of excitement and excitement, and he was full of longing for the future outlined by Li Yuntian, wanting to see how Li Yuntian would create the said peaceful and prosperous world.
"The road is under your feet, and I believe that you will take a good road." Li Yuntian smiled and nodded, for a cynical and talented smart person like Cui Li, a lofty goal is more attractive than a high-ranking official.
Before leaving Seoul, Li Yuntian laid two chess pieces in Seoul, Choi Li and Park Yong-gil, hoping that the two could go hand in hand and make a name for themselves in the political and business circles of North Korea, and live up to his high expectations.