Chapter 457: Historical Upheaval
Originally, the situation of the Anti-Japanese War in North China was very good, and although Central China was a disastrous victory, Nanchang was finally preserved, and both the morale of the people and the source of taxes and soldiers were much better than those of the same period. However, at this time, the right-wing forces within the Nationalist Government began to raise their heads again.
From January 21 to 30, 1939, the Fifth Plenary Session of the Fifth Central Committee of the Kuomintang was held in Chongqing. The meeting decided on the principle of "dissolving the Communist Party, preventing the Communist Party, limiting the Communist Party, and opposing the Communist Party," set up a "special committee" against the Communist Party, and adopted a resolution on sorting out the Party affairs. After the plenum, a series of anti-communist secret documents, such as the "Measures for Restricting the Activities of Different Parties," the "Measures for Handling the Problems of Different Parties," and the "Measures for Preventing Communist Party Activities in Occupied Areas," were formulated one after another. The spearhead of the struggle of the national government has shifted from external to internal.
With the development of the strength behind enemy lines and the improvement of the situation in the War of Resistance Against Japan, this trend became more and more obvious. Okamura Ninji, who had just suffered defeat, immediately found a breakthrough like a poisonous snake and stepped up the work of rebellion against the troops behind enemy lines. I have to admit that Okamura is really good at this. He is very good at exploiting China's internal contradictions to achieve his desired goals.
The first to fall into the water were Sun Liangcheng, deputy commander-in-chief of the 39th Group Army, and Wang Qinghan, chief of staff, and the two of them had a good relationship with Shi Yousan and were old friends for many years. Therefore, he is very disgusted by Gao Shuxun's behavior of "killing relatives with righteousness" and ignoring the feelings of his colleagues. Moreover, Sun Liangcheng used to be Gao Shuxun's commander, and now Gao Shuxun is the commander-in-chief, and he is the deputy commander-in-chief, so he feels very unconvinced.
Wang Qinghan is too close to Shi Yousan, and he also has a share in many things with the Japanese. I am very worried that Zheng Weiguo or Gao Shuxun will find him to settle accounts after the autumn.
Therefore, as soon as Okamura Ningji's secret envoy arrived, the two surrendered without saying a word, and also took away a large number of troops such as Sun Yutian, commander of the 38th Independent Division.
After opening a breakthrough in Hebei, Okamura Ningji set his sights on Shandong, Shanxi, Henan and other places. Soon, a large number of generals behind enemy lines, such as Wu Huawen, commander of the newly formed Fourth Division, Wang Shengwu, commander of the security forces of northern Henan, Rong Zihuan, commander of the security forces of southern Lunan, Qi Zixiu, commander of the Fifth Division of Shandong Security, Zhang Buyun, commander of the provisional Second Division, and Zhao Rui and Yang Cheng, commanders of a certain division of the First Cavalry Army, defected to the enemy one after another as if they had received the plague.
In addition to these relatively regular troops, Okamura also wantonly co-opted all kinds of miscellaneous armed forces, bandits, and the private armed forces of big landlords, and built a large number of troops such as the anti-communist army, the suppression of the communist army, the peaceful national salvation army, the peaceful national construction army, the appeasement autonomous army, and the joint defense and national salvation army...... Among them, the larger ones include the pseudo 31st Division Wen Dake, the pseudo 11th Division Zhang Dongyun and other departments.
The mutiny of so many troops at once was like a bucket of cold water, which dealt an extremely heavy psychological blow to the soldiers and civilians behind enemy lines who had just seen a glimmer of hope. It is even more regrettable. It was later found that most of the troops were involved. In particular, the regular army was affected by the Nationalist Government's policy of "saving the country by curves", and many of these troops could even receive military salaries from the Chongqing Government after surrendering to the enemy.
In other words, Okamura Ninji is the miracle creator of this scene of "surrendering generals like a tide" and "surrendering troops like hair", but without the support of Chairman Chang Kaishen. It's absolutely impossible to play such a big one. This can be explained. For what after the war, Okamura Ninji was able to escape justice. He also appeared in China as an adviser to the national army. The reason is very simple, as early as the Anti-Japanese War, the chairman of the committee was attracted to him. And there has been a very tacit cooperation.
Fortunately, Zheng Weiguo, Wei Lihuang, Fu Zuoyi, Yu Xuezhong and other North China military giants are all resolute main battle factions, not to mention the Eighth Route Army. So the various theaters began to join forces to suppress these soft bones. But what everyone didn't expect was that Yan Xishan, the commander of the Second Theater of Operations, suddenly sent troops at this time - he was not fighting the Japanese, but the Eighth Route Army and the Shanxi New Army, which both belonged to the Anti-Japanese War sequence.
It turns out that this is Okamura Ninji's killer feature. In all fairness, Yan Laoxi'er has made great contributions to the construction of Shanxi, but he is full of feudal remnants, and he says that he wants to build Shanxi into Shanxi for Shanxi people, but in fact he is bent on building his own independent kingdom. Based on this thinking, he hated both the Japanese army and the Eighth Route Army and the Central Army, because in his opinion, these armies were here to grab territory. When he found that the new army in Shanxi was not under control, he was also prepared to be hostile to this subordinate army, and wanted to get rid of it as soon as possible.
Okamura Ningji very cleverly grasped Lao Xi'er's psychology and set up a special agency to negotiate with Lao Xi'er and discuss cooperation. Historically, because the Japanese army had bad intentions, the bid was too low, and the asking price was too high, and the two sides finally collapsed. In this plane, Okamura's methods are noticeably more cunning, and his goals are clearer.
In order to dispel Lao Xi'er's concerns, he not only happily gave Lao Xi'er a million Lianyin coupons (that is, counterfeit banknotes issued by the North China Provisional Government), but also said that there was no need for Lao Xi'er to openly rebel, as long as he did not cooperate with China and G, and even said that he could return Taiyuan to Lao Xi'er. Later, he quietly ceded the territory of Lao Xi'er's three counties (this hand has also been done in history), and gave Lao Xi'er a batch of old equipment.
In this case, Yan Laoxi'er received another secret telegram from the Military Commission, asking him to secretly deal with the Central G and the Eighth Route Army. In Lao Xi'er's opinion, both the Japanese and Chang Kaishen support him, what can't be done? So he suddenly raised troops and brazenly launched the "December Incident".
At the beginning, the Eighth Route Army and the Shanxi New Army suffered great losses because they were defenseless, and a whole column of the Shanxi New Army was pulled away by Lao Xi'er, and all the GC party members and pro-communist people in it were slaughtered. What's even more hateful is that Yan Laoxi'er also ordered the massacre of more than 400 wounded soldiers of the Eighth Route Army who were recuperating from their wounds in the area controlled by the Jin Sui Army.
After the tragedy, the Japanese naturally smiled crookedly, and took the opportunity to launch a fierce attack on the Jizhong base area, so that Zheng Huzi and the Eighth Route Army could not support each other. Chang Kaishen was also very excited, and hurriedly ordered Wei Lihuang to eliminate the Eighth Route Army and the Shanxi New Army in Jinnan in the name of mediation, and it was best to beat the rabbit with grass and kill Yan Laoxi'er as well.
However, Wei Lihuang has always advocated joint resistance against Japan, and he is extremely disgusted by Yan Laoxi'er's method of painful relatives and quick enemies, so he doesn't want to get involved. It was only because of the order of the Military Commission that he did not dare to openly aid the Eighth Route Army, so he strictly ordered all armies in Zhongtiao Mountain not to participate in the war.
Without the help of the Central Army, the Jin Sui Army was soon taken down by the Eighth Route Army that came to its senses. It is estimated that Lao Xi'er's understanding of the Eighth Route Army is still stuck in the period of the Red Army's Eastern Crusade. But the Eighth Route Army was under the help of Zheng Huzi. The regular army, which had already trained 12 brigades, also had two divisions of the Shanxi New Army (the first column and the temporary first division of Xufanting) that had been reorganized.
This time, after coming to his senses, the Jin Sui army, which had a combat effectiveness of five scum, was naturally enough. Soon, the southeast of Jin, the northeast of Jin, and the northwest of Jin were all controlled by the Eighth Route Army or the Shanxi New Army, and the old army of the Jin Sui Army (that is, Lao Xi'er's troops) had to retreat to the Luliang Mountains in the southwest of Shanxi.
Historically, considering the stability of the united front, the Eighth Route Army finally let Lao Xi'er go. But in this time and space, there is no need at all, and keeping Lao Xi'er is an unstable factor. With the support of Zheng Weiguo, the Eighth Route Army continued to attack, and Lao Xi'er's basic troops were all wiped out. Had to power up the field. After a hard battle, the Jizhong side fought hard. It also temporarily repelled the main force of the enemy's North China Front.
Subsequently, the first, second, eighth, Jicha, Lusu and other theaters took unified action to carry out joint strikes against the puppet army in the territory, and Zheng Weiguo also specially sent a special combat team to carry out a "beheading operation" against those leading traitors. With these notorious hardcore traitors being cleared. The wave of surrender in North China was suddenly contained. And the cooperation between the major theaters is even closer than before. Zheng Weiguo's goal of "North China integration" has basically been achieved.
On the other hand, the Japanese army. Although the strength is still there, with the destruction of the railway, locomotives and automobiles have been largely damaged. The problem of logistical supply has become more and more serious, and the combat capability has also declined rapidly. Attack, the defensive area is large, and the troops are diluted; Let's shrink, the occupied area is small, and it is difficult to raise provisions. Anyway, it's hard to advance, and it's hard to retreat.
By the end of 39, the base camp had to order the repatriation of the 108th, 109th, and 110th divisions, and subsequently dismantle them (as in history). Two divisions, the 33rd and 34th Divisions, were transferred to Central China to make up for the shortage of troops in the region. In this way, the Japanese army in North China has resumed its previous establishment of 10 divisions and 10 independent mixed brigades, and it no longer has any advantages over the nearly 20 main armies in the five major theaters in North China.
However, considering that the Japanese army still existed, Zheng Weiguo did not want to fight with the Japanese army at this time, so he did not take the initiative to launch a counteroffensive, but continued to train the troops, and bled the Japanese army with the method of knocking kraft candy piecemeal.
At that time, there were about 200 counties in the occupied area of North China (less than half of the same period in history), and more than 400 sniper teams specially trained by Zheng Huzi, plus sharpshooters from the Eighth Route and various units of the Nationalist Army, were on both sides of the Line of Control on both sides. On average, hundreds of Japanese soldiers were killed every day, and at most they even killed more than 500 Japanese soldiers in this cold shooting method on a single day. Although Okamura Ninji also organized a counterattack by sharpshooter troops, he suffered heavy losses under the ambush of more professional snipers in Jizhong. This made the morale of the Japanese army in North China even more low, and even began to take the initiative to bring guns to surrender. This did not begin to appear in history until 43 years later.
Internationally, with China's resolute resistance, its international image has also changed greatly, and its international status has gradually risen. In the past, the international forces that had put their chips on Japan (such as the Zionist group) withdrew their investments, making the Japanese economy even worse.
At the same time, due to Japan's rapid expansion, it also aroused suspicion and dissatisfaction in the United States. In particular, the Japanese army reached into Southeast Asia and procured rubber and crude oil on a large scale, which made the major American conglomerates very annoyed. It should be said that Japan's perspective is very different from that of the United States, where the Americans only focus on commercial interests, while the Japanese value land more.
In fact, at the beginning of the Japanese invasion of China, the interests of Japan and the Americans were identical, the Japanese obtained a large amount of land and coveted resources, while the Americans obtained huge commercial benefits. As for whether the money is stained with Chinese blood, that is not a matter for the American consortium to consider.
A book in the United States describing DuPont, the largest U.S. chemical company and an arms company, exposed the support of U.S. President Herbert Hoover and U.S. arms dealers for Japan's invasion of China. "The Japanese militarists also benefited from DuPont's purely formal business ethics," the book said. President Hoover viewed them (Japan's) invasion of Manchuria in 1931 with sympathy...... He declared: "There is some truth on the Japanese side. Our friendship with it is long-standing and deep-rooted. We should consider Japan's situation amicably. Because of this attitude on the part of their own government, it is not surprising that the DuPonts signed a lucrative agreement with Japan that year. ”
From sugar to bread, from oil to gloves, from dura aluminum to engines, and scrap steel and oil. Americans sell everything. And these are strategic resources, and it is on these things that Japan relies on to invade China.
It was precisely because of the connivance of the United States and other Western powers that Japan's invasion of China became more reckless, until the Lugou Bridge Incident in 1937, which launched a full-scale war of aggression against China. How did the United States do it? On September 14, 1937, the United States announced a ban on the export of weapons and military equipment loaded on American ships. It seems to be very neutral and fair, but in fact it has brought great difficulties to China.
Because the Japanese Navy has the right to control the sea between China and Japan, Japanese ships can load weapons, military equipment, and other strategic materials from the United States without hindrance.
And even if China buys weapons and equipment in the United States, it will not be able to ship them back, because the Japanese navy, which has the right to control the sea, has already blockaded China's coast. Therefore, at that time, China could only rent ships (such as the United States) that Japan did not dare to inspect to transport the materials urgently needed for the war of resistance. But now the United States prohibits this (it is possible to charter American ships for the transportation of non-weapons goods purchased in the United States). It is tantamount to cutting off China's only hope. As a result, Japan can still obtain U.S. weapons and military equipment, while China has difficulty obtaining U.S. weapons and military equipment.
This US policy and Japan's naval blockade have not only made it extremely difficult for China to import weapons, but also made it difficult for China to import other materials. In the first half of 1937. China imports $115 million in goods from the United States. In the second half of the year, imports fell to $73 million. In 1938 it fell even more. For this reason, the Chinese government hopes to change the unfavorable situation in which Japan can actually import weapons while China can hardly import weapons from the West by calling on the West to sanction Japan and aid China. It's a pity that Lord Yang is always unreliable. Chairman Chang Kaishen did not understand this simple truth until Taiwan.
At the beginning of November 1937, the Chinese delegation demanded that the Brussels Conference adopt a resolution on the imposition of economic sanctions against the aggressors and on the granting of assistance to China.
If all the member states of the League of Nations had been able to impose economic sanctions on Japan at that time, it would have been a means of deterring the aggressor. About three-quarters of Japan's raw material imports come from the United Kingdom, the United States, China, the Netherlands, Indonesia, France, and Indochina. Japan's important strategic raw materials, such as iron sand, lead, tin, and manganese, are almost entirely imported from the United Kingdom, the United States, and the Netherlands. However, the proposal on sanctions did not receive support from France, Britain and the United States.
French Foreign Minister Jean-Pierre de Bereux said in his speech: "No mandatory resolution can effectively and satisfactorily resolve the mutual relations between China and Japan, both de jure and de facto." (Note: The Gallic rooster deserves to die!) )
The head of the British delegation and the head of the American delegation, De Weis, hastened to echo Deerbo's opinion. In the end, the Brussels Conference adopted only a declarative resolution stating that Japan's actions in China violated the Washington Nine-Power Pact and recommending that Japan cease its military operations, but did not stipulate any measures to deal with the aggressor.
It can be said that without the connivance and support of the European and American powers, the Japanese army would not have been able to go that far on the road of aggression against China. However, the European and American powers did not like Japan or hate China, but purely for the sake of profit. Therefore, when Japan began to extend its hand to Southeast Asia, the differences and contradictions between the two sides increased sharply and deepened.
Although Southeast Asia was the territory of the Netherlands and Britain and France, the United States had huge commercial interests there. Both oil and natural rubber were the main suppliers of these resources in the world at that time (at that time, oil in the Middle East had not yet been exploited on a large scale), and it was also an important source of industrial raw materials in the United States.
By the end of 1939, due to Japan's growing appetite, the United States finally had enough to bear it and announced that it would end the trade agreement between the United States and Japan and no longer sell strategic materials to Japan. This made Japan very annoyed, but there was nothing to be done.
It was at this juncture that Germany suddenly blitzed Poland. In this space-time, due to the replacement of weapons, Germany delayed the launch of the Polish campaign for three months. In the early morning of January 1, 1940, Germany suddenly dispatched 58 divisions, 2,800 tanks, 2,000 aircraft and 6,000 artillery pieces to launch a "lightning attack" on Poland. On January 3, Britain and France were forced to declare war on Germany due to the previous alliance agreement with Poland, and the Second World War broke out.
However, Britain and France did not want to fight at that time, so they sat quietly behind the Maginot Line, which was ridiculed by the world as "a sit-in war" and a "strange war". The time had finally come for Britain and France to pay the price for their appeasement.
Only five months later, the German army, which was far more powerful than in history, suddenly turned around and attacked France. In this plane, the Germans had all high-performance tanks that used diesel engines as their engines. A large number of high-tech products, such as bazookas, recoilless guns, rockets, radars, etc., have been developed in advance, or have been greatly improved compared with the same period in history. Other industrial levels have also developed by leaps and bounds under the guidance of Zheng Huzi. For example, the vacuum furnace electroslag remelting technology has added a new level to the level of steelmaking in Germany, and the performance of the corresponding artillery and other weapons has also been greatly improved.
There are also small arms such as the MG42 general-purpose machine gun, Gew43 semi-automatic rifle, STG44 assault rifle, Iron Fist recoilless gun and other light weapons have also been developed much earlier. At the time of the French campaign, there was already small-scale equipment, although it was not yet up to the level of the original, but it was only a matter of time.
The Anglo-French coalition, which had been defeated in its original history, was naturally no opponent, and it took only a month for the German invasion of the Low Countries to force the French Third Republic to surrender. Although the remnants of the British and French were able to retreat from Dunkirk, the losses accounted for at least 50%, far more than the same period in history.
When the news came, the whole world was shocked! Because before the war, everyone thought that Britain, France, and Germany were all countries of the same grade, and it was normal to win or lose, but it was really terrifying to cripple one and perish one in a month.
The militarists in the Japanese government, in the victory of Germany, saw an opportunity for them to launch an attack on the European powers in their Asian colonies. They quickly negotiated with the mustache and formed a new alliance. In the months that followed, Japanese militarists took control of the Japanese government, and due to the weakness of the new prime minister, Fumima Konoe, real power gradually shifted from the government to the military ministry. The Minister of War is none other than the war maniac and future Class A war criminal - Hideki Tojo!
Immediately after coming to power, Hideki Tojo took action to force the Vichy regime in France to allow them to occupy North Indochina (now Vietnam and other countries) and to demand that Britain close the Yunnan-Burma Highway to China. At the same time, it also demanded the signing of a non-aggression pact with the Soviet Union, demanded that the Soviet Union stop its aid to China, and close the material passage to China.
The War of Resistance is about to enter its most difficult period, and of course, it is also the darkest before dawn. (To be continued......)
PS: Hehe, I didn't expect there to be a surprise today, thanks to a certain point and the editor, this book has finally been able to see the light of day!