This year, an epoch-making debate contest in the history of Chinese philosophy was staged: the Goose Lake Meeting! The main and defensive sides of the debate are the great master of science and the hypocrite Zhu Xi against Lu Jiuyuan, the founder of the science of mind!

Zhu Xi was born on September 15, 1130. The resume shows that he was smart since he was a child, almost knowing it by birth, and he understood basic readings such as the Book of Filial Piety almost at first sight, and when he understood it, he had insights. Zhu Xi was promoted to the rank of 19 years old, and soon returned to Huhai, read poetry and books, and began his great career of questioning the universe and thinking about the roots of human ethics...

It was also at this time that Zhu Xi began to inherit the Ercheng Taoist system of the Northern Song Dynasty Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi brothers. As a scholar in rural Henan, Ercheng fought against the country's top ministers and pointed fingers at the country's major policies, relying on knowledge! i.e. "science"

Cheng Yi is even more remarkable in the second way, and the key is to live long. Among his many disciples, there is one named Yang Shi, known as Mr. Kameyama. Yang Shi returned to the south, and Xiao Cheng happily said "I am in the south" into a prophecy!

Yang Shichuan Luo Congyan, known as Mr. Yuzhang. Luo Congyan passed on Li Tong, known as Mr. Yanping. Li Dong passed on Zhu Xi, Zhu Xi is not called Mr. but a saint! This "Zhuzi", who is the third most famous in the history of medieval sages and only ranks after Confucius and Meng, finally made his appearance... At the same time, Ercheng's "science" finally magnifies the universe and dominates heaven and earth!

Of course, the reason why Zhu Xi was able to surpass everyone since the pre-Qin period and rank third after Confucius and Mencius was not only by inheritance, but also by carrying forward!

Zhu Shengren believes that "reason" is a qiē, which is born from nature and is the first of all things, and it is an eternal standard above the real existence that transcends reality and society. That is, "Heavenly Principles"

As a modern person, when we look at this paragraph, we feel that the clouds and mountains are foggy, mysterious and mysterious, and we don't know why. But look at it from another angle, and you know how great it is! This "reason" is such a cow, invincible as a cow, can there be any object that can surpass it? Conceptually, it's definitely gone! So as the person who discovered it and praised it, what status should Zhu Xi have?

It's polite to let Kong Mengli be in front! I have to respect the first come, first come, first come, sage Zhu should be the Pangu who opened the world and rebuilt the world!

"Heavenly Principles" are so magical. But in Zhu Xi's theory, it can still be actually touched. The way to do this is to "learn from things"

It is necessary to achieve the "poor qualification" to the extreme, and the natural principles will be revealed. Only when Heavenly Principle appears, will there be truth, goodness and beauty in the world. On the contrary, it is "human desire" that destroys this truth, goodness and beauty, so it is necessary to preserve heavenly principles, destroy human desires, and build a perfect environment of harmony in the world!

Such a magnificent theory and such a noble pursuit are of course extremely precious. Thus the spread of Physicism, or Taoism, became sacred and critical! At that time, there was a famous man named Chen Liang who once painted a portrait for the Taoists, which was very expressive, and the record was as follows: "Because of the occasional opening of my eyes." I thought that I would not pass on the mastery. Three, three, two, two, whispered, and there was the same informant. The painting world stands like an altar. The people of the last life are outside the door" This is their self-respect. It is so heavy that it rejects all those who look down on it, and those who are not in the same party. And for these people who don't understand Taoism and the truth, they will be very cruel!

That is to say, whether you want to be or not, this person will begin to evaluate your thoughts, analyze your behavior, and look for the root cause of your reason why you are the way you are, regardless of whether you want to or not. Then punish you exactly without forgiveness!

What is this like? Very much like the Holy See in the Middle Ages in Europe, except that it did not have the power to tie prisoners to the stake in the square and burn them to death. They did everything! Therefore, the people of later generations said: Ritual kills! Taoism kills! This is only the beginning of the Zhu Xi era, and it will not be until later that the physicists will show their fierce and cruel faces!

However, if we want to talk about Zhu Xi and the scholarship he founded seriously and fairly, we must talk about it in the context of the era in which he lived. Southern song dynasty. Since Zhao Song crossed to the south, there has been a reflection - why did it fail? The Northern Song Dynasty was so culturally prosperous, why did it lose to the barbaric and newly civilized Jurchens? This should never be! So they analyze it, look for the root cause...

Of course, there are countless answers. But in the opinion of physicists. It's caused by a disease of thought! It is the human heart that becomes greedy and goes after wealth. Reformers such as Wang Anshi have made people's hearts upset. Thus calamity descended from heaven... Another example is that people's hearts are cruel, always thinking about fighting, fighting with the Liao State, with the Western Xia, and with the Tubo, causing the empire to suffer a great loss, and finally losing to the rapidly rising Jurchens... So: war is also wrong and sinful!

All of the above are "human desires", so they must be destroyed and eradicated! Then we will save the principles of heaven, return to prosperity, and revitalize China!

Therefore, some people in later generations also said: Even if there are all kinds of inappropriateness and impersonal aspects of science, it also has its positive and even practical side, and it cannot be completely denied!

In fact, Zhu Xi could not unify the world's scholarship at that time, and there were different voices even within science! The most famous of them is called Lu Jiuyuan! Lu Jiuyuan believes that "reason" is not supreme, and there is also "heart" in the same way

"The heart is the reason", Lu Jiuyuan said happily, "The universe is my heart, my heart is the universe", and the principle of all things in the universe is the reason in everyone's heart! The so-called "everything is in the square inch, full of heart and filling the universe, nothing more than this"

Once this theory was proposed, Zhu Xi was greatly thrived! Imagine that Zhu Shengren had to exhaust his life's strength and play with his life to learn about things, so that he could know what "reason" is, and only then could he cover all things through "reason", which is higher than one qiē. But Lu Jiuyuan is good! Directly "the unity of heaven and man"! He is the universe, the universe is him, how does this make Zhu Shengren play?

In a fit of rage, everyone began to beat each other! The two were far away and exchanged a lot of saliva with each other. Finally, someone couldn't stand it, so they simply provided them with a special big stage for them to debate!

The organizer's name is Lu Zuqian, and the location is in the Goose Lake Temple in Shinshu, so later generations call it the "Goose Lake Meeting"

At this debate meeting, the two factions boasted and belittled each other, from academic debates to personal attacks, which can be called all-martial! Zhu Xi satirized Lu Jiuyuan's academics for being too simple, Lu Jiuyuan countered that Zhu Xue was broken and fragmented, unable to justify himself, and also chanted a poem "Yi Jian's kung fu is great for a long time, and the fragmented career is up and down" Zhu Shengren was furious, and wanted to refute it again, but found that his poetry and writing skills were not enough, this kind of conference will be praised through the ages, once it is not well written, it is better to hide it clumsily. So they broke up...

Time to verify a qiē! Zhu Xi in the Southern Song Dynasty chess high moves, after his death for more than ten years, he established the status of a saint, he advocated the "science" has also become an official science, his annotated "Four Books" ranked before the "Five Classics", become the only classic of the scientific examination of all dynasties in later dynasties! Even Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty who rebuilt the Han dynasty in the future, wanted to worship him as his ancestor!

In comparison, Lu Jiuyuan is not so beautiful! Officials have not recognized him well. Fundamentally, it's actually his scholarship that isn't so likable! The leaders can see at a glance that Zhu Xi's theory is to control people's hearts with innate reason, manage the people honestly, and be very convenient to manage. Lu Jiuyuan's mind science focuses too much on the strength of the personal mind. If you don't pay attention to it, you will have rebellious and turbulent people!

The advanced nature of Ke Xinxue cannot be denied, let alone concealed! More than 270 years later, there is a person who finally makes this kind of scholarship shine in the world, creating a miracle that can do anything! That person's name was Wang Shouren, and he was called Wang Yangming in later generations!

On January 20, the 3rd year of Chunxi (1176), Jin Shizong and the prince and Zai Zhi discussed the revival of ancient and modern affairs. Teaching future generations is all good. Scholars of the present. If you can recite it, you must do it. However, there are many people who know but can't do it. The old style of the Jurchen is the purest and straightest. Although he doesn't know books, he sacrifices to heaven and earth, respects relatives, respects the elderly, receives guests, and believes in friends. Etiquette and righteousness are all natural. Its goodness is no different from that contained in the ancient books. You should learn from it, and the old style should not be forgotten."

On February 5, Song Xiaozong inspected the soldiers of Zhejiang and Fujian. 8th. Give Han Shi loyalty and loyalty.

On the 14th, the daughter of Princess Dajin Shen and Tushan Kening was ambushed for rape. Knin was also dismissed.

In April, Tang Bangyan returned from an envoy to Jinguo. He was directly intimidated by the heavily armed guards on the Ginting. I didn't dare to say a word, and I didn't dare to mention any request for the return of Henan's mausoleum. After his return, Song Xiaozong was furious and ordered to be exiled to Xinzhou on the East Road of Guangnan, "The enemy is not subject to the gift money of this dynasty, but Bangyan is given by the enemy." At the time of resignation, it is easy to understand, but regardless of the name and festival, the humiliation is so "Since then, the Southern Song Dynasty has never mentioned the discussion of Henan mausoleum."

In May, Shan Ziwen, a bachelor apprentice of Dajin Hanlin, completed the translation of "Historical Records", "Hanshu", "Zhenguan Political Dignitaries" and "Bai's Celin" in Jurchen Chinese. He also ordered more than 30 students from all walks of life to teach ancient books and study poetry and strategies.

On August 8, on the order of the Emperor Taishang, Zhao Yan appointed Empress Dowager Wu's maid and concubine Xie as his third queen. Zhao Yan said, "The family law of this dynasty is far greater than that of the Han and Tang dynasties, and the sole use of soldiers is not as good as Gong Maoliang said, "The country has been based since Emperor Taizu, and the first is to civilize the world, and the saints inherit each other, and they are deeply benevolent and benevolent, and they have the heart to consolidate the world." The geiji body seems to be circumferential. Although it seems to be weak, the country is far away, and it is also because of this. The rebellion of the Han and Tang dynasties, or the autocracy of the queen mother, or the arbitrary orders of the powerful ministers, or the powerful princes and the dominance of the town, there is no such thing in this dynasty. It can be seen that the ancestral family law is enough to maintain eternity" Zhao Yan said, "Yes! The general rule of the body can not be biased, just like the four o'clock, spring and autumn killing, it can be a success. If it is killed, then there will be victims. Those who govern the world, using both civil and military forces, are long-term techniques, and cannot be specialized in one also"

In December, Shi Chen Yuan Shu completed the "Tongjian Chronicle". This book classifies the contents of the Tongjian into categories, arranges and combines, and summarizes them into 305 historical events. This book has created the third major genre of ancient Chinese history books, which is the third major genre of chronicles, and chronicles. Song Xiaozong ordered the "Tongjian Chronicle" and "Lu Zhen's Recital" to the East Palace, so that the crown prince Zhao Dian was familiar with "the way of governance is all here"

On January 5, the 4th year of Chunxi (1177), the Jin State had a priest who played: The jade belt entered by the Goryeo Kingdom was actually a stone, but it looked like jade. Jin Shizong's edict said, "Those who are incapable of identifying in small countries mistakenly think that they are jade ears." People are not easy to do things, but they are virtuous. If not, it will not be polite."

On the 7th, Jin Shizong wanted to scatter the remnants of the First Khitan Uprising that year with the relocation of the Wowo to Liaodong. Prime Minister Fu Shi Lieliang Bi admonished, "This generation has been pardoned, and the fear of migration is resentful", Wan Yan Yong said, "I am worried about future generations", and then migrate. On the 21st, Jin Shizong pardoned all the ministers who were innocently killed during the Wanyanliang period of King Hailing and their confiscated family members. And issued an edict: the murdered descendants of Yelu Yanxi, the king of Liao, the king of Yu, and Zhao Ji, the king of the Song Dynasty and the king of Tianshui County, will be buried in the old houses of Guangning and Henan. Later, he issued an edict that "the prince of Tianshui County belongs to the north of the capital to be buried, and the bones of Ganping are parasitic, and the official is buried in this place." If the relatives of the king of Yu have not entered the book, they will also be moved."

On the 26th, the Southern Song Dynasty promulgated a new calendar: the Chunxi calendar.

Now turn our attention to the Mongolian steppe: shortly after the murder of the Buicktier, the leader of the Taichiu tribe (a descendant of the Baba Khan who was tortured and killed by the Jin State) who inherited the position of Yesu led people to surround the Temujin family! Because Temujin, who had a golden blood, had grown up, when he reached adulthood, he would surely covet the throne of the Mongol tribes. (To be continued......)