News of the successful establishment of diplomatic relations with Germany and the United States diluted the fear of the police department's purge of former Qing officials and the Kuomintang. Under Chen Chao's strict order, the State Security Administration officially closed on May 10. It was about half the size of Jiang Yun's planned arrests, and about 60 or so former Qing officials escaped the first blow after the founding of the People's Republic of China. Jiang Yun presided over the formulation of the action to trap Shanqi in the Japanese Concession in Tianjin was also stopped by Chen Chao, Jiang Yun knew that the order came from the highest level, and it must have been a helpless choice under the diplomatic breakthrough, and with some regret withdrew more than a dozen operatives of the Operations Department who infiltrated the Japanese Concession, and the backup plan was immediately activated, and began to look for candidates to break into Shanqi's side, Jiang Yun judged that after this battle, Shanqi was already a frightened bird, let alone returning to Beijing, and he may not even have the courage to do public activities, although he was the main founder of the police system in the late Qing Dynasty.

The purge moved to the next stage, and some of the suspects began to go through the judicial process, which belonged to the military justice department of the military system, and the rest were handed over to the Ministry of Justice.

Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, Mr. Wu Tingfang, who was obsessed with the establishment of a modern judicial system, introduced more than a dozen important laws, such as the Constitution, the Criminal Law, the Criminal Procedure Law, the Civil Law, the Civil Procedure Law, the Commercial Law, the Bankruptcy Law, and the Marriage Law. According to the founding principle, the power to formulate laws rests with the National Assembly, but the current National Assembly is still a "rubber stamp" that needs to be vigorously built.

It is worth mentioning that the Marriage Law is a new law, which officially enshrines monogamy in the law. Concubinage has become illegal. This cannot but be said to be a huge step forward. It won the applause of the intellectual circles. In particular, Cai Yuanpei, Minister of Culture and Education, wrote an article in the "Education Daily" for three consecutive days to expound on the progressive significance of the "Marriage Law" and served as a free propagandist for the Ministry of Justice and the National Assembly. There are many ridiculous things behind this, the most ridiculous of which is that most of the gentlemen who drafted this important law were proponents of polygamy or came from polygamous families. In any case, open polygamy is officially over.

For this reason, the literati fought for a long time. Mr. Koo Hongming, who had a relationship with Long Qian in Beijing ten years ago, was vehemently opposed. Because of many disagreements with Long Qian's views on governing the country, Mr. Gu refused to become an official in the new dynasty, but instead became a professor in the Department of Foreign Languages of Peking University, publicly criticizing the new "Marriage Law" in the lecture hall. It is said that China has always been monogamous. There is no practice of polygamy, and the so-called de facto theories of polygamy are justified. What teacup teapot theory is also cited, comparing men to teapots and women to teacups. A teapot can go with several teacups. It is impossible for a teacup to have several teapots. It was attacked by the students. Become the news of the moment. This gentleman is a typical conservative. He did not cut his braids, but was in favor of binding his feet, and he was full of criticism of some of the new policies introduced by the Republic. even directly named Long Qian, thinking that he destroyed traditional Chinese culture and was a heinous sinner. However, this gentleman's knowledge is really first-class, not a reputation for fame, so whether it is criticism or abuse, he has been his professor for a long time, and no one is looking for trouble with him.

Back to the point. The initial establishment of the legal system made it possible to try assassination cases. The Beijing Municipal People's Court began to hear this major case, which has attracted the attention of China and foreign countries in accordance with the relevant laws. Soon after, the court released Tie Liang, a prominent member of the Zongshe Party who had been detained for more than a decade, on the grounds that there was insufficient evidence. However, Pu Wei and Zaitao were found guilty in the first instance.

Zaifeng was a little relieved because of Tie Liang's acquittal, because the message that Duan Fang brought to Long Qian has not been replied to. Under pressure, Zaifeng wrote a handwritten letter to Long Qian, interceding for his younger brother Zaitao and Pu Wei, and asking Long Qiannian to give him forgiveness when he was young. If possible, it is hoped that the two will be released by invoking the amnesty power granted to the head of state by the constitution. And once again put forward the request of the royal family to go north to Chengde. Long Qian replied to Zaifeng, refusing Zaifeng's request for pardon or even pardon, after entering the judicial process, as the president, he must not interfere in the judicial process, as for the amnesty, the court did not make a final judgment, and there was no way to invoke the amnesty. Secondly, the assassination of the head of state not only violates the criminal law, but also endangers the national security, not only against me personally, but also against the subversion of the regime, which does not seem to be in line with the amnesty precedent. As for going north to Chengde, Long Qian thought that it was not feasible for the time being, and asked Zaifeng and the former Qing royal family to live in Beijing with peace of mind. If you want to work, you can. Long Qian said in the letter that the arrest of some personnel of the former Qing Dynasty was by no means a purposeful purge, but a matter of facts. Zaitao's crime is borne by one of them, and it has nothing to do with others.

At the same time that Beijing and even China and other countries are paying attention to the trial of this major case, important personnel appointments interrupted by the battle of Tangnu and Ulianghai have been announced one after another, and the governors and mayors of various provinces and municipalities directly under the Central Government have been determined and appointed in the name of the premier of the Government Council. Some candidates have already been determined, such as Tang Shouqian in Zhejiang, Cheng Dequan in Jiangsu, Tang Hualong in Hubei, Tan Yanmin in Hunan, Zhang Lianfen in Shandong, Tang Jiyao in Yunnan, etc., they have in fact "taken up their posts"; Deng Qinghua, who was the first to enter politics, was promoted this time and was appointed governor of Zhili Province and mayor of Beijing, some army generals took off their military uniforms and transferred to political circles, Zhang Yulin, deputy chief of general staff and former chief of staff of the Shandong Army, was appointed governor of Fengtian Province, and Zheng Shuangqing, commander of the 9th Division, was appointed governor of Heilongjiang Province. Fan Deping, deputy commander and chief of staff of the Northern Military Region, was appointed mayor of Shanghai; Zhao Zili, chief of staff of the 7th Division, was appointed governor of Shaanxi; Jiang Yiliu, commander of the 8th Division, was appointed governor of Guangdong Province; Xiong Xun, commander of the 5th Division, who had been determined to be transferred to another job, took over Fan Deping's post in the Northern Military Region; it was rumored that Chen Xiao, an officer of the Beiyang Department who was involved in the assassination case, was appointed governor of Sichuan, and Yan Xishan, who was not yet 30 years old, became the governor of Shanxi Province by leaping to the post of standard commander. Public opinion began to pay attention to and study the origins and factions of the governors, and public opinion focusing on the purge case was attracted by the rising stars in the political circles.

It is true that Long Qian did not do the work of the Ministry of Early Warning, and after confirming that the Tangnu Ulianghai crisis was basically over, his energy turned to diplomacy and government affairs, and diplomatic breakthroughs had been made. After the formal establishment of diplomatic relations between Germany and the United States, Long Qian has realized his strategic vision. Government affairs come first.

At present, the most difficult thing is to quickly develop the industrial layout, and he has decided to have Fang Shengyuan lead a team to visit the United States, and Situ Jun to lead a team to visit Germany to seek economic and military cooperation support. The former is the key, the establishment of a relatively complete industrial system requires scientific planning, but also requires a large amount of money, relying on its own accumulation is too late. Long Qian had a timetable for himself and didn't tell anyone, so Fang Shengyuan, Zhou Xuexi and the others were a little puzzled when they arrived. At present, we are stepping up efforts to determine the details of equipment and technology purchases and introductions. On the one hand, the study explores the national industrial layout. Start with the most basic industrial sectors, such as mining. At the same time, wait for an official reply from the US side. Long Qian hopes to get a loan of at least $50 million, which is a huge amount of money. Even the United States, which is the richest country, will not be able to come up with this money all at once. Long Qian's plan is to rely on the already powerful Huamei Machinery. Direct contact with several major U.S. conglomerates. Indirectly influencing the decision-making of Washington and Capitol Hill, the money is spent in the United States anyway, and the current situation in China lacks anything. In particular, there is a lack of mechanical processing equipment, which is as much as there is to be eaten, and there is a taste of hunger.

In the middle of this major event, Long Qian urged the Government Council to formally introduce interim measures for the remuneration of public servants, which solved a major matter.

The Ministry of Civil Affairs led by Wang Shizhen belongs to the government affairs yuan system, and there is some implication that it does not care about the ministry. Of course, the responsibilities are basically clear, mainly the management of people's livelihood. The first operational body established within the Ministry was the Bureau of Statistics and Surveys. The internal organization of each ministry is the power of the minister, and even the prime minister generally does not ask, let alone the president, but in a report on the disaster relief in Gansu, Long Qian heard the name of the Statistical Survey Bureau, so he curiously interjected, "Mr. Pingqing, you repeat, what is the name of your investigation agency?" ”

Wang Shizhen misunderstood what Long Qian meant, thinking that he didn't trust the local report on the disaster, "There are many people who lie about the disaster in the former Qing Dynasty, and their subordinates think that verification should be the rule." ”

"That's right, I'm asking you the name of the investigative agency."

"Oh, the Bureau of Statistical Surveys. What, isn't it appropriate? ”

"Haha, it's suitable, it's suitable." Long Qian was a little embarrassed, he had a bad taste at the beginning and wanted to name Jiang Yun's department with this name, but he didn't expect it to appear in the Ministry of Civil Affairs, "I'm sorry to interrupt you, please continue." ”

The role of this Bureau of Surveys should not be underestimated. It has played an important role in the determination of the remuneration of public servants.

The founding of the People's Republic of China is an extremely complex and systematic project. Even though Long Qian and his comrades-in-arms spent six months preparing, there were still some important matters that had not yet been determined, and the remuneration of civil servants was one of them.

From the time the headquarters entered Beijing in October last year and set up a military commission to lead the founding of the country, until now, the salary standards for the personnel of the central organs have been tentatively set by Fang Shengyuan, and they are divided into three grades: 300 silver dollars for the first class, 150 silver dollars for the second class, and 50 silver dollars for the third class. The big people naturally received a first-class salary, and the middle-level, such as the directors were second-class, and most of them were classified as third-class, that is, Wang Zhao, even Long Qian's secretary, also received a third-class salary.

Of course, the military system continues the old ways.

Why no comments? The big people don't care or don't want to mention it, not many people in the Mengshan military system have entered the public service system, such as Deng Qinghua, who has lived a supply-based life for a long time, and the family burden is small, 300 silver dollars is a lot. The former Qing Dynasty, Beiyang, and the Kuomintang were all refuge personnel, and first, they had a rich family background, and second, they enjoyed a lot of benefits, such as housing and cars, and third, they did not dare to mention the issue of treatment. The salary standards of the middle and lower classes were not low at that time, so they have been relatively calm for half a year.

But with the formal establishment of Congress and government agencies, and the formal formation of official ranks, the call for a formal determination of officials' remuneration has risen.

The level of the establishment of various ministries and institutions determined by the government affairs yuan system is divided into four levels, ministries, departments (bureaus), departments and sections. Both the head of the department and the chief of section were included in the middle rank, and it was clearly not appropriate to receive the same second-class salary.

This is just the center, with the successive formation of provincial governments, the issue of the salary of civil servants has become more prominent.

The generals of the army, who had clearly opposed the refinement of ranks, also changed their attitude and became supportive. Long Qian privately said to Fang Shengyuan and Hong Yuecheng that it is easy to fight the world, but it is difficult to sit in the world. Signs of bureaucratization are now emerging, you see, the issue of salary is not as simple as you think, and there is also a question of rank behind it, you and I will sit on the stove, and the ass will be burned if it is not good.

There was an element of joking in Long Qian's words, but his dignified demeanor made Fang and Hong unable to laugh.

Long Qian knew. The Mengshan Army's original system of "military communism" is definitely no longer working. The generals who followed him to fight the world demanded to enjoy the fruits of victory, and the position was one thing, and the treatment was also very important, and if the treatment was not given, it would inevitably lead to the occurrence of large-scale corruption.

However, the issue of remuneration is not isolated and has a wide range of implications.

First, the establishment of government institutions and the number of posts. As soon as the government was formed, there were calls for restructuring the institutional setup. Long Qian knew that governing such a huge country. A dozen ministries and bureaus are certainly not enough. For example, Zhou Xuexi's Ministry of Industry will definitely derive a number of ministries with a more detailed division of labor in the future, but at the moment, it can only be like this, try to reduce the number of ministries and bureaus. At the same time, the number of civil servants should be reduced as much as possible. That is, to reduce the number of posts.

Second. The issue of the consumption of public servants on duty. Most people don't realize the complexity of this issue, but Long Qian is clear. If you don't set the rules at the beginning, it won't be easy to deal with later. How to determine the non-remuneration package of a public servant. It directly determines the determination of the salary level.

Third, the principle of determining the remuneration of public servants. Do you want to take the road of high salary? Historically, the treatment of civil servants in the Song Dynasty was extremely high, and Long Qian couldn't say what the integrity index was. The book salary of civil servants in the Ming and Qing dynasties was extremely low, for example, the governor of the Qing Dynasty was a first-class officer, but the salary was only 180 taels, and it was an annual salary. Isn't that a joke? If you hold a high-grade banquet in Beijing, if there are shark fin and bear's paws on the table, you can't get it without thirty taels of silver. A high-ranking official similar to the commander of the regional region of the republic, who eats half a table of good food for a year's salary? Therefore, corruption is inevitable. Therefore, there is an extreme Qing official like Hai Rui, and even eating meat once has become officialdom news. Before the Yongzheng Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty, the way of "legitimate" corruption of officials was mainly to consume silver by fire, and the level of fire consumption basically showed the integrity of the local officials. Therefore, Emperor Yongzheng, who was determined to reform, launched the policy of returning fire to the public, putting an end to the public exploitation of the people by officials. At the same time, a system of maintaining honest banks was introduced, which was tantamount to admitting that the salaries of officials were too low. For example, the governor of Liangjiang has a high salary of 27,000 taels of silver a year, which is 150 times his normal salary!

The republic, of course, could not follow the old path of the Qing Dynasty.

Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, Long Qian formally entrusted Fang Shengyuan to take the lead in researching and formulating the remuneration of civil servants. To this end, Long Qian convened a special meeting of the principal officials of the various bureaus of the Central Military Commission to explain his basic principles on the establishment of the organization, the determination of the number of posts, and the issue of remuneration.

At that time, he entrusted Wang Shizhen to do a special investigation, what to investigate? It is the problem of the ratio of people and officials in various dynasties and generations in history, he admits that he does not read much, and his knowledge of this area is basically zero, but he vaguely remembers that a source says that the ratio of officials to people in the Western Han Dynasty is the lowest, and about 9,000 people only support an official, and then it becomes more and more unbearable, how much is the Manchu Dynasty, I don't know. Specialized personnel are required to access the information.

Long Qian said: Today I would like to talk about three issues: the first is the issue of salary, the second is the issue of establishment, and the third is the issue of job consumption.

Let's start with the first one. The salaries of officials come from taxes, and the taxes come from the people, so the number of officials and the level of salaries are widely implicated and directly affect the lives of the people. Rather than letting officials live a hard life with low salaries and then raising a group of people to supervise officials, it is better to directly set the salary more reasonable. How much is reasonable? The monthly salary of university professors in Jinan is 300 yuan, and the monthly salary of primary and secondary school teachers is 100 months or more. There are many factories in Jinan, and it is said that skilled workers can get 30~50 yuan, while ordinary small workers are about 10~15 yuan. I haven't been there for several years, and I don't know if the exact number is or not. When I say this, it's a matter of reference. I would like you to consider the principle that a mid-level official should not be higher than a university professor, and a lower-level civil servant should not be higher than a primary and secondary school teacher. How much should a senior public servant, such as me, be paid? Probably makes the person who does the specific plan feel uncomfortable, I say a standard is good, 20 times! 20 times for what? That's 20 times the income of the average citizen. It's a ceiling, it's okay, it can't be higher. My salary is probably the highest in the series, and if mine is confirmed, the rest will be easy to do.

The second is the issue of preparation. You may not believe it, but I have a prophecy that the establishment will always swell until the common people can no longer bear it, and everyone will be finished together. Therefore, those of us who laid the initial foundations of the republic should take a long-term view. In one word, it is tight. The establishment of institutions should be tightened. If you can use one person, you will never use two people. In principle, the number of deputy posts should not exceed two, and those that can be used without one will not be set up, and those who can use one will not need two. In my opinion, before promulgating the remuneration standards for civil servants, the Government Council should first determine the institutional framework of various government ministries and departments, and work out something of principle to guide not only the central ministries and bureaus, but also the provinces. Otherwise, it won't be easy.

There is one more thing to be aware of. That's the problem of "supernumerary" personnel. It is said that Zhu Yuanzhang once became angry with some public servants in a certain county in Jiangnan who were not in the establishment, and killed many people. Zhu Hongwu was born in hardship, and he knew the difficulties of the people in supporting officials, and the officials outside the establishment also ate the imperial grain and national tax. This phenomenon should be strictly prohibited. Xu Gongzhi's police department called for a shortage of manpower. I hope to make an opening. He was allowed to recruit 1,200 supernumerary police officers, and Mayor Deng reported to me, and I did not agree. This opening is not easy to open. As soon as you open it, it's incredible. If you don't believe it, ask the experts to see if there is such a phenomenon in history? I tell you, some, whenever a dynasty is about to end, there are a lot of such supernumeraries, and when a certain percentage is exceeded, the dynasty collapses with a bang.

The third is job consumption. I invented this word, and everyone understands the meaning. Some phenomena have been taken for granted, such as housing, such as using a car, such as inviting guests to dinner. Many people think that entertaining guests is for official business, and the Foreign Affairs Bureau invites foreigners to talk about things, which cannot be said to be a private matter. Theoretically, it is not possible to completely eliminate the consumption of duties, but it is necessary to set a rule. For example, the prime minister, such as Director Tang, this kind of consumption must be indispensable, let them all pay out of their own pockets, I am afraid that they will soon resign and submit it to me. But if you don't limit it, it will go wrong! Let me tell you, I have been inviting people to dinner a lot lately, and the expenses are all my salary, and my wife has a lot of opinions, and she can't even bear it. I said to my wife, why do I get such a high salary? It's meant to be a guest in it. But my wife didn't admit it, so the work still had to be done, otherwise the hospital would be at peace.

I'm really doing it for work, and I'm sure everyone is too. But after a long time, problems will definitely arise, and fake public welfare is inevitable. Therefore, I would like the Government Council to study the issue of job consumption while studying the salary and establishment, and it will be easier to set up rules. The consumption of duties is public money, and it is the people's fat and people's ointment, so it must be investigated and audited, and it must pass the pass of the Ministry of Supervision. If it is discovered that the funds are used improperly, it should be dealt with. The light is fined, the heavy is demoted and removed, and then the legal responsibility is strictly investigated. Therefore, the Propaganda Bureau should improve this point in law.

In conclusion, my basic attitude is that the salary of an official can be a little higher, but there should be a limit. Officials cannot live freely, and power cannot be abused without restraint. Starting with me as president, all of you have done a good job, and now it will be easy to do. The republic, which was different from the Manchu Qing and the feudal dynasty, was reflected in these aspects. If we want to create a prosperous era that jumps out of the cycle of chaos, we must strictly control the officials, not the people! If anyone thinks it's too difficult to be an official, please ask him to leave.

According to Long Qian's instructions, Fang Shengyuan set out to formulate a series of systems. Wang Shizhen, who was to be appointed Minister of Civil Affairs, was entrusted to conduct an investigation, and Wang Shizhen first set up a Survey and Statistics Bureau to conduct a scientific and detailed investigation of the salaries and actual prices of all kinds of personnel in Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Jinan, Guangzhou, and Nanjing (Jiangning was officially renamed Nanjing), and formed an investigation report that made Long Qian quite interested.

At present, the salaries and price levels of the six major cities are different, and the highest is not Shanghai but Jinan! This was much of a surprise to Long Qian, who originally thought that Shanghai should be the highest.

Prices at this time are relatively low. Take Shanghai as an example, a stone of rice is 3~4 yuan, coal is a stone and a dime is 4 points, salt is a catty of 4 and a half minutes, sugar is a dime and a catty, pork is a catty of 3 jiao, live chicken is a catty of 8 points, fresh eggs are 2 points, soybean oil is 2 jiao 5 points, kerosene is 6 points, soap is 5 points, a box of old knife cigarettes is 3 points, and Shaoxing wine is a dime and a penny. An investigator of the Investigation Bureau took one dollar (silver dollar) for a treat, six people, 8 copper plates for tea, and ate snacks such as fried steamed buns and crab shell yellow, which cost less than 30 copper plates in total. 1 silver dollar can be exchanged for about 250 copper plates (the circulation of Shanghai Huayuan is not good, mainly silver dollars and copper plates).

Land prices vary. Shanghai is between 100~300 yuan (the location varies), which is higher than Nanjing and Guangzhou. The price of an acre of farmland in the suburbs of Nanjing with an annual output of 400 catties of rice is only 120 yuan. Beijing is roughly at this level, while Jinan is higher than Beijing, at around 150 yuan.

In terms of wages, workers are generally paid higher levels than police officers and also higher than government workers. The monthly salary of patrol officers in Shanghai is between 10~13 yuan, but the monthly salary of female textile workers in Shanghai is about 20~25 yuan (skilled workers). The average salary of workers in Huayuan Gun Factory is more than 40 yuan, and the salary of senior technicians has reached 150 yuan, and a month's salary can buy an acre of land. A section chief of Shanghai's long-established health bureau earns only 30 yuan.

With this detailed investigation report, Fang Shengyuan's work is easy to do.

Before deciding on the establishment plan of government agencies and the rules for spending on duty, the Government Council first came up with a draft of the grading and salary standards of public servants, which were discussed and revised several times, and submitted to the National Assembly for deliberation and approval.

The program determines a total of 18 levels of government employees (referred to as civil servants), corresponding to the determination of salaries. The highest annual salary is 12,000 Chinese dollars, and the lowest is 600 yuan, which is a miscellaneous labor hired by the government. The difference between the highest and lowest is 20 times.

Long Qian felt that his salary was a bit high, and his monthly salary of 1,000 yuan obviously exceeded his limit of 20 times, but the Government Council and the National Assembly believed that this salary was not too high after restricting the consumption of senior leaders. Horizontally than the heads of state, it is basically the lowest.

On this day, Long Qian returned to Xiyuan from the Shijingshan Power Plant construction site and met Zhang Hongcao, who worked in the General Hospital of the National Defense Army, at the gate of Haiyantang.

"Hey, it's time to eat, why do you want to go, stay and eat."

"Nope. I've been talking to my wife for a long time. ”

"Long time no see, how are you doing?" Long Qian has always been very concerned about the few female soldiers who "survived", "Why didn't Chen Shu send you?" ”

"The guest just came, it was Premier Fang's wife, so I said goodbye." Zhang Hongcao looked at no one around, "Commander, do you know Miss Xu's situation?" ”

"What's the situation?"

"She gave birth."

"Raw? When? Boys and girls? She's okay, right? ”

"On the night of April 28. She's fine. I just got back from there, and I thought you knew. It's a boy, a beautiful boy......."

"Really? What did she say? ”

"Commander, do you really care about her? Don't even want your own son? ”

"Did you tell Chen Shu?"

"Nope. If you want to speak, you will speak. What do I say? ”

"I know her attitude. Actually, it's not bad to be an ordinary person......"

"She's actually always cared about you. When I heard about the National Day, I asked it several times. Commander, your heart is too hard......"

"Red Grass, I did this wrong. If you are already wrong, it will be even worse if you correct it...... She's got a strong personality, I know. Red grass, at my point, some things can't help me...... Thank you, I see. ”

Zhang Hongcao looked at Long Qian's expression, "Commander, the child is right, you can't let him be without a father." ”

"I know, I know ......" (To be continued......

PS: I have been in poor health since I came back from a business trip, I insisted on renewing and wanted to rest for two days.

The end of this section is a small paragraph, and the things at the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China are basically explained. It will be faster later, and the First World War is a small climax. New China must accumulate strength for World War I.