The Peloponnesian War, since it was a war, then this kind of thing depends on strategy and tactics, which is generally like this, but what tactics and strategies are used in this war, and what kind of fighting heroism is useless.

In fact, it was the court that affected the outcome of the Peloponnesian War, that is, the political system, because of this!

Since it is history, then the result should be known to everyone, that is, after this war, the Athenian city-state collapsed, and the democracy of ancient Greece disappeared!

From then on, the absolute monarchy began in Europe, and of course, some people will say, isn't there a republic? Ancient Rome was a republic, right? Isn't democracy a republic? Is a republic democratic?

But in fact, the words republic and democracy are not together, or even opposite!

Because the so-called republic refers to the republic between the nobles, and they jointly manage the country, but they are cut off from the monarchy, yes, it has nothing to do with the common people, which is the original meaning of the republic.

Therefore, the two parties of the United States, the Democratic Party and the Republican Party, are the two opposing parties, and the Republican Party, which indicates that we are a party composed of people from the top, and we are the rightists, the big right!

But then again, why did democracy fail?

Could it be that the opponents of the ancient Athenian city-state were too powerful?

This has to start from the beginning, talking about this history, we have to start with the two famous battles of winning more with less, one is the 300 warriors of Hot Springs, and the other is the Battle of Salami, both of which were actually fought with the Persians.

But didn't the Persians take their entire wealth with them, so. After fighting the Persians. And the ancient Greeks sent ...... Ancient Greece at that time was quite funny. In fact, it was a federation of city-states, not a form of a united states...... After the battle, Greece is awesome, rich, and strong.

Then there were two powerful groups here in ancient Greece, one was Athens, she brought a bunch of younger brothers, and the other was Sparta. She also brought a bunch of younger brothers.

Now that the Persians are not coming, then what next?

Let's fight!

Yes, Athens and Sparta did not deal with each other, and the two sides began to confront, and this confrontation was two forms of government, one was the ancient democracy of Athens, and the other was the monarchy of Sparta...... At this time, Sparta was already not playing the election game.

The democracy in Athens is quite interesting, a man named Cleisthenes made a reform before, and there was no monarch on the Greek side before. There is a head, but everyone is not convinced. So, if you don't accept it, let's choose.

Cristini carried out the reform, this is really a democratic reform, to put it simply, the whole power is for the citizens, that is, there is a citizens' assembly, this assembly is considered the highest authority, but this assembly is ...... Fifty or sixty thousand!

You know, more than 2,000 years ago, you held a meeting of 50,000 or 60,000 people, and these 50,000 or 60,000 people held a meeting every three days and two ends, what kind of situation is this?

There are so many people, they don't do anything, they just hold meetings all day long, isn't this a waste of national food?

Even if it is not a waste of food, but these fifty or sixty thousand people, that is really a large number of people, almost a large collection of all classes in Greece at that time. And this is not over, just in order not to appear a powerful person, this Cristini also made a design, that is, the 'shell anti-banishment method'!

To put it simply, when the consul reaches a certain day, then everyone will take a shell and write the name of your favorite consul on it, and then, start counting, whoever has the most names, get out!

That's right, Themistocles, who did so well at the Battle of Salami, was banished.

This system prevents the emergence of dictators, but it also prevents the elite from coming out, and the better you do, the worse you die......

To be honest, if you look at this history and see this, you should already be able to see the shortcomings of this ancient Greek democratic system, but after all, this banishment law is not the same as the current situation, and we won't do it now, but well, the performance after this basically shows the democratic system, all the problems!

First of all, how did the Peloponnesian War start? Is there no one who wants peace?

Yes, this man's name is Nicias, and this man is very powerful, very eloquent, and very rich.

Of course, there is also the main battle faction, and this man's name is Alcibiades, and he is also very rich and eloquent.

So, these two people did a lot of things to get the citizens' assembly to support them, that is to say, to give them the rights.

For the sake of peace with the Lord, Nicias built a colossal statue of the sun god on an island, you see, everyone came to see the idol, this idol is so peaceful, so sacred...... Let's worship God, what kind of battle are we fighting?!

The subtext is this, everyone looks at the statue and goes play.

Na Alcibiades is not a fuel-efficient lamp, and if you look at the statue of Nicias, you are also rich in old men!

Olympic games!

Yes, this Alcibiades united some rich people to hold the Olympic Games, and the meaning of this Olympics is also simple, you see, we Athenians are not weak chickens, we are also strong, afraid of a bird! The Spartans are a piece of!

The two sides were really happy, at the beginning of the war, Athens and Sparta were facing each other, and the commander of Athens was Pericles, this person is very famous, both military and governing the country is very powerful, just the Acropolis of Athens, just like the ancient building of the zodiac in the Saint Seiya, that is what he did, but it is not ...... This guy was unlucky, and within two years of confrontation, he fell ill and died.

Pericles died of illness, so this battle must be fought, right? Hold a fart, we Athenians are afraid of him! Whoever is that, Nicias, yes, it's you, you go and be the commander!

Nicias, he was a lord and a faction, and the Citizens' Assembly made him the commander. Just look at this guy pleasing to the eye.

A lord and faction were forced into battle. This is the power of democracy......

This is one of many mistakes made by ancient Greek democracies. That's all.

Later, during the naval battle, the Athenian sea power was strong, and the Persian army was defeated by them, but it could not withstand the toss of the vote of the citizens' assembly. Until in the end, there were eight generals left who could fight, and these eight generals once did not recover the bodies of their soldiers because of the strong wind, to be honest, it is understandable. But the citizens' assembly is to vote and put all eight of them to death!

Because of this, a committee has been formed, and you will find a way to kill these eight people, and think of some tricks!

Not from? Don't want to kill them?

Well, die with them!

There was the old man in this committee, Socrates, and Socrates finally voted against, and he was the only one who was against, and he often told others about it later. 'How can we rule us by that mob?' ’…… So, the old man was also voted to die!

Self-destruct the Great Wall. And there are many more things like that......

That Alcibiades also went to war, and the result was mediocre, and when the citizens' assembly saw it, your boy shouted that he was capable, and as soon as he went to war, he was intimidated, so the citizens' assembly gave an order.

Alcibiades, you give us back! We'll cut off your head when we come back!

That's really what it means, it's so weird, and Alcibiades is not an idiot, so he defected directly to Sparta.

It's just such a toss, just these people, the people of the citizens' assembly, fifty or sixty thousand people, all day long, just playing with their own rights, tossing and turning, and finally tossing themselves to death!

In the end, the Lord and the Sect of Nicias, like a gambler, stud in a battle, sent out his entire army, and then ...... And then there is no more!

In the end, the Acropolis of Athens was destroyed, the entire city defense was demolished, and in Greece, Sparta, an absolute monarchy, triumphed over democracy!

To put it simply, as far as the democratic system is concerned, the performance of this period in ancient Greece is really disgusting, it is simply unbearable, as if a bunch of stupid Bs are dying by themselves, but ......

Think about it carefully, at that time, Athens held a citizens' assembly of 50,000 or 60,000 people with his little brothers, so could there be fewer stupid Bs in this assembly?

Moreover, let's just say that in the 19th century, the proportion of people who read books now is not high, and the European and American ones are better, let alone the Manchu Qing Dynasty.

In itself, politics is a matter that determines the direction of a country, and this kind of problem naturally needs to go in the right direction, you have to make the right choice, but the result is decided by a group with a majority and a low cultural level, which is very contradictory in itself!

If you want Li Mengyang to look at it, in layman's terms, it will definitely be the case of 'being pulled down IQ'.

It's like, what you want is to solve a very complex and difficult problem, but you don't look for a good student, but instead go to the scumbag, the tail of the crane, even if it is a better situation, you want to find the scumbag and the scumbag together, but this answer must be to take the middle value!

So it seems that democracy really never existed, as Rousseau said, and will never exist in the future?

No!

Li Mengyang knows very well that democracy is definitely a major trend, which is an inevitable trend in the development of human society, and no one can change it, and the reason for this trend is very simple, with the popularization of education, the mastery of knowledge by all the people in society has increased...... Well, it's not rough......

In other words, through the popularization of education, through the progress of culture, and the advancement of our human knowledge in all aspects, the result will definitely be the development of democracy.

Therefore, Li Mengyang really likes democracy, but he also knows that if he engages in that kind of democracy at this stage, he will definitely die a miserable death.

Li Mengyang has seen all this very thoroughly, after all, he is engaged in sociology, but however, when Mark Twain, a writer, came to study this period of history, there was not much information, and it was indeed relatively little, because after the Enlightenment Movement, the word democracy was more and more glorified, you don't care if it was to cheat votes or what, anyway, the Democratic Party came out, right?

But Mark Twain found something else!

"Oops! Your Majesty is truly great! My knowledge is still not enough, compared to Your Majesty, I am simply too bad! But if you look at it this way, then Your Majesty really fits what Plato said, Your Majesty is simply ......"

What did Mark Twain come up with?

Also, how did you get to Plato? This philosopher seems to be a student of Socrates, right?! (To be continued......)

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