PS: This chapter is mainly to summarize the science and technology of the ordnance industry, there are a lot of things in pure technology, and it looks very boring. But it doesn't seem appropriate not to write it out.,There's always a process for the emergence of new weapons.,If there's something wrong, please correct it.。

The director of the arsenal is still Tang Dingchen, the young man who helped select the machine in the Taiyuan Arsenal. He saw Zheng Huzi's murderous look, and exclaimed: "Total, the total seat spares his life, uh, uh, wronged!" As soon as he spoke, his knees weakened, and he knelt on the ground and begged for mercy.

Zheng Weiguo scolded: "Don't kneel, stand up straight for me!" As a soldier, how can you kneel at every turn? ”

Tang Dingchen stood up straight with a shudder, but he kept shaking like a sieve.

Seeing his funny appearance, Zheng Weiguo was angry and funny, and pointed to the machine tool next to him and asked, "The facts are there, what else do you have to say?" ”

Tang Dingchen's face turned pale with fright, and he hurriedly stammered: "General, general seat, you, you listen to the explanation, this is to reduce the residual stress of the component!" No, it's not that you don't care about equipment! ”

Zheng Weiguo didn't seem to be a fake when he saw him, but what he said was also confused, so people couldn't understand it, and he couldn't help but wonder: "What is it?" ”

Tang Dingchen stammered and explained again, but the more anxious he was, the more indescribable he became, and he was so anxious that he was sweating profusely.

At this moment, the organic spirit worker called Ye Qisun, the leader of the mechanical group of the expert group, over. Team Leader Ye said from afar: "Commander-in-Chief Zheng, keep people under the knife, keep people under the knife!" You're wrong with the soup director! ”

Zheng Weiguo said with a smile: "Please rest assured Professor Ye, Zheng will never kill innocents indiscriminately." Then he pointed to the machine and said, "What the hell is going on?" I also ask Professor Ye to clarify his doubts. ”

Ye Qisun hurriedly said: "This is to relieve stress. It also explains: "When the material cannot be displaced by an external force. Its geometry and dimensions will change, and this deformation is called strain. When the material is deformed, it produces a reaction force of equal size but opposite direction to resist the external force, and the concentration of the distributed internal force at a point is called stress, and the product of stress and micro area is the internal force, or when the object is deformed due to external factors, such as force, temperature change, etc., the internal force that interacts between the parts of the object is generated to resist the action of this external factor, and tries to restore the object from the deformed position to the position before deformation. ”

Zheng Weiguo's foundation as a special forces commander is still there, although it is a bit of a struggle. But I finally understood this series of professional explanations. Let's take an analogy. When a piece of metal is machined into a certain casting, the shape changes, and a resistance is created inside it to try to return to its original shape. Although the strength of the metal itself is able to counteract this force. I don't usually see it. But when finishing, this force exerts an influence. This leads to distorted processing.

Ye Qisun was afraid that Zheng Weiguo didn't understand, so he smiled and explained: "Let's put it simply." It is that the machine tool has some physical changes in the manufacturing and handling process, and these internal changes are very subtle, invisible and intangible, but have an adverse impact on the mechanical accuracy. That's why we're out there. ”

Zheng Weiguo was stunned for a moment and said, "If you put it outside like this, you can offset these adverse effects?" ”

Ye Qisun said approvingly: "The commander-in-chief is right! The component is placed outdoors in the open air, relying on the force of nature, after several months to several years of wind, sun, rain and seasonal temperature changes, the component has caused repeated temperature stress. Under the overload caused by the temperature stress, the residual stress is relaxed and the dimensional accuracy is stabilized. ”

Originally, in the process of machinery manufacturing, a series of stresses such as thermal stress (residual stress generated during casting and forging), cold stress (residual stress generated during machining), welding stress (stress generated during welding) and so on will occur. The presence of this amount of force in the machine tool component will affect the accuracy.

How to deal with it? At that time, the only way was the natural aging method, that is, to throw the machine tool outdoors like the soup factory director, let the wind and rain blow, and after a long time, those "stresses" slowly subsided. Therefore, in the machine tool market of later generations, the old machine tools that are more than five years old are very popular, because the internal stress of these machine tools tends to be stable, and if they are well maintained, they are very sought-after, and often have good precision, and they can be refreshed after the transformation of the electrical system and the drive system.

Of course, later generations of high-precision machine tools have switched to marble or granite beds, because they are not cast beds, and there is almost no stress effect. Ordinary machine tools can also use thermal aging and vibration aging to relieve stress, and it is relatively rare to use natural aging to relieve stress. This is also the reason why Zheng Huzi looks foreign.

Zheng Weiguo smiled awkwardly and asked: "Then how long will these machine tools be placed, don't let them go for five or six years, and then the War of Resistance will be won!" ”

Ye Qisun hurriedly said: "The commander-in-chief is too worried, last winter there was a large temperature difference between day and night, we tested it, and the stress was released very well." These machines will be ready for use for another month or two, and we are preparing to add a few more lines! ”

Zheng Weiguo glanced at Tang Dingchen, who seemed to be the rest of his life after the catastrophe, and said in a deep voice: "Well, I am indeed wrong to blame a good person for saying this!" ”

Ye Qisun hurriedly comforted: "The commander-in-chief doesn't have to mind, the so-called ignorant is not a crime!" ”

Zheng Weiguo said self-deprecatingly: "Ignorance is not a sin, and self-righteousness is wrong." Director Tang, I blamed you just now, please don't take it to heart! I'm here to make amends to you! He bowed deeply.

Tang Dingchen hurriedly said: "Don't dare, don't dare!" Hey, total, total, make, can't be! ”

Zheng Weiguo quipped: "What's the point! As long as you don't hold a grudge against me and continue to work hard in the future, then my bow will not be in vain. Then he said with palpitations: "Fortunately, I didn't let you kneel down just now, otherwise I would have to give you a bang." ”

Everyone smiled cooperatively, and even Tang Dingchen squeezed out a smile. Zheng Weiguo saw that his hair was wet with sweat, and he couldn't bear it, so he hurriedly said: "Director Tang, you go back to take a shower first and change your clothes!" ”

Tang Dingchen hurriedly said: "No, no!" The humble first accompanied the general seat to inspect, and it was not too late to wash it when he went back. ”

Zheng Weiguo waved his hand and said comfortingly: "Don't worry about me." I'll just spin around. You go back first, you have a cold on this cold day, but it will affect your work. ”

Tang Dingchen saluted and left.

Seeing this, Ye Qisun hurriedly said: "Commander-in-chief, I've been in the arsenal for a while, so I'll lead the way for the commander-in-chief!" ”

Zheng Weiguo nodded and said, "Okay, then there will be Mr. Lao Hongjun!" ”

Ye Qisun led everyone to introduce while walking: "Now the arsenal has a total of four branches, namely the gunpowder factory, the metallurgical factory, the bullet factory, and the firearms factory. Gunpowder factory, as the name suggests. It is to produce all kinds of explosives, smokeless gunpowder, pressure powder, and black medicine; metallurgical plants smelt metals such as copper, iron, etc.; The bullet factory produces all kinds of bullets, shells, bombs. It also manufactures mines, grenades, etc.; At present, the gun factory mainly produces various types of mortars and suspended grenade launchers. A new production line for Czech ZB30 light machine guns is also being assembled, with an estimated capacity of 100 units per month. ”

Zheng Weiguo frowned slightly, and said: "We don't produce rifles now, and we only make this kind of machine gun among firearms. It's only 100 per month. Isn't it a little less? ”

Ye Qisun nodded and said, "Yes." The yield is really not high. However, the commander-in-chief should not be too anxious, thinking that the Shenyang Arsenal only made 80 light machine guns per month. When our workers are a little more skilled, the equipment utilization rate will be higher. At that time, the production capacity can be at least tripled. ”

Zheng Weiguo nodded, expressing satisfaction. At the same time, the Chongqing No. 21 Arsenal produced more than 800 units in 39 years, compared with more than 100 units per month, which is already very good, after all, it is behind enemy lines. As they spoke, the group had come to a large cave, which was naturally formed and then transformed, and looked very solid and hidden. It's hard to spot, at least in the air. Zheng Weiguo looked at it and asked, "Mr. Hongjun, which factory is this?" ”

Ye Qisun said with a smile: "It's the gun factory I just talked about, and in front of it is the workshop that produces ZB30 light machine guns." ”

Zheng Weiguo said happily: "Okay, then start visiting here." Then he instructed: "Just look at it, and don't disturb the workers." ”

Everyone hurriedly responded. As soon as I entered the workshop, I saw a large group of workers busy, and dozens of machines started at the same time, which was quite spectacular. But looking at the excitement, there are not many things created. There was a sound of "scrapped" at every turn, which made Zheng Huzi's heart tremble.

Ye Qisun said: "At present, there are two main difficulties in production, one is the spring, and the other is the barrel, which is difficult to make and manufacture. Especially for deep hole machining, the scrap rate is too high! ”

A deep hole is a hole with a ratio of length to diameter greater than 10, such as the hole in the barrel and air duct. Deep hole machining requires a high level of tooling, and at the same time, it is difficult to cool down and evacuate chips, making it difficult to observe the cutting situation. In short, it is necessary to have both good equipment and good skills, otherwise you can make a dozen barrels that meet the standards in a day. Considering that the Czech light machine gun also needs to have a spare barrel, it is enough to build three or four in a day.

Zheng Weiguo thought for a while and said: "I'll find a way to finish the equipment, and you should also pay attention to management and enhance the enthusiasm of workers." I think it is possible to set a level for the salary of the worker, and the better he does, the more he will get. ”

Ye Qisun said with a smile: "Commander-in-Chief Zheng still has a way, but in this way, the salary cost will increase a lot." ”

Zheng Weiguo waved his hand and said: "That's not how the account is calculated. As long as the scrap rate is reduced, the cost is also reduced! ”

Ye Qisun thought for a moment and said admiringly: "That's the truth." ”

After looking at the machine gun production workshop, everyone came to the mortar workshop again. There are three workshops for the production of 60-mm, 82-mm and 120-mm mortars. The first two models have already been able to be mass-produced, and the 120-mm mortar is still in the trial production stage because of the high requirements for materials and processes.

Mortar production is really simple compared to machine guns. The hardest part is nothing more than making seamless steel pipes, which are made almost in batches using the cold-rolled method. In particular, the 60 guns have low bore pressure and low requirements for steel quality, and the monthly output can reach more than 300 guns.

Ye Qisun said with a smile: "This is still because of the lack of manpower, if the commander-in-chief expands the scale, the production capacity can be further increased." ”

Zheng Weiguo shook his head and said, "It's not enough to just build mortars, and the supply of shells must also be raised." Otherwise, if there are guns and no ammunition, it will only cause a waste of production capacity. Wait a minute, you will make an overall plan to see what aspects need to be expanded, what kind of materials and personnel are needed, and we will focus on solving them. ”

Ye Qisun nodded hurriedly and said yes.

In addition to machine guns and mortars, the products of the gun factory also include gun grenades. as well as recoilless guns, bazookas and mountain guns in trial production. Zheng Weiguo looked at the product design and experiment, and felt that it was a little too performance-oriented, so he suggested that they make it simpler, from easy to difficult, from simple to complex, first come up with a few products that can be used, and then gradually improve in production and use.

After all, Ye Qisun was not specialized in the military industry, and he was a little puzzled, and hurriedly said: "Please make it clear to the commander-in-chief!" ”

Zheng Weiguo explained: "Like a recoilless cannon, it can hit the earth cannon building. To power, range. And the requirements for accuracy are not high, I think it is enough to engage in smoothbore guns. You can let the garrison of the arsenal experiment with the specific performance indicators to see how much can meet the requirements of actual combat. ”

Ye Qisun hurriedly wrote them down one by one. Zheng Weiguo according to the development of the military industry in later generations. A number of further comments were made. After the tour. Everyone walked towards the bullet factory again.

For stealth and security. Several factories are separated by a relatively long distance. The bullet factory now mainly produces 79 bullets, mortar shells, various types of 75-caliber mountain artillery shells, various types of gun grenades, grenades, mines, and other caliber shells are also in trial production. Among them, Zheng Weiguo was most interested in the concave grenade.

The concave grenade is generally indistinguishable from a normal grenade, except that there is a grooved device at the bottom of the shell. After the shell is fired, the shock wave of the warhead moves to the bottom of the shell. The strong turbulent air flow disperses the air vortex that gathers at the bottom of the bomb, making it more uniform and stable. For shells of the same shape, the range of concave shells can exceed that of ordinary shells by more than 20%. If all the shells can be replaced with a concave bottom, the artillery of Jizhong will have a great advantage over the Japanese in terms of range.

What's even more rare is that the concave grenade is simple to manufacture and does not have too high technical requirements. And due to the stable flow of recoil, the accuracy of the shells has also increased significantly.

Ye Qisun said: "We have now mastered the manufacturing technology of concave grenades, and mass production is not a problem, but the ballistic data of this kind of artillery shell is obviously different from that of flat-bottomed artillery shells." If all the shells are replaced with concave shells, then the firing tables of the artillery units will also have to be adjusted......"

The so-called firing table is a table specially compiled for specific launching devices such as guns, cannons, and rockets, together with the type of ammunition and its charge number, which contains the correspondence between the angle of fire, the firing range, and other ballistic elements. The basis for accurate and effective shooting and the creation of sighting devices can also be used as the basis for the ballistic data for the design of the commander.

In other words, without this thing, the artillery would not be able to accurately calculate the target of the shot. Historically, the PLA's "bayonet on the cannon" was actually the product of helplessness. I don't know how to aim at the road from a distance, so I can only bombard it closely.

Zheng Weiguo frowned slightly, and asked, "How long will it take to get the shooting watch?" ”

Ye Qisun explained: "At present, we can only pass experiments, and we can't rush it. The problem is that we now have dozens of types of artillery, and it is not easy to develop a new firing table in a short period of time. ”

Zheng Weiguo thought about it for a while, and also felt a little tricky, so he suggested: "Then come one by one, the most important and common weapon of the Japanese army at the moment is still the Type 38 field artillery, and it is also our main suppressive firepower." You should start from this aspect and strive to make it combat effective as soon as possible. In the future, it will also develop according to this line of thought, and the suppression artillery will emphasize the firing range, and the support artillery will emphasize the power. ”

Coming to the next workshop, Ye Qisun introduced: "This is the production of 47mm anti-aircraft artillery shells!" ”

Zheng Weiguo observed it for a while and said, "It seems that the production capacity is not high? ”

Ye Qisun nodded and said: "It is indeed insufficient, and we can only make ordinary grenades at present, and the performance of homemade armor-piercing bullets is too backward and has no actual combat value." ”

Zheng Weiguo was shocked, he also pointed to this weapon against the Japanese army's chariots! What if the shells are not self-sufficient, once they run out? So he hurriedly asked, "What is the main problem?" ”

Ye Qisun said helplessly: "The most important thing for armor-piercing bullets is the bullet core, we can't make tungsten carbide, we can only replace it with a steel core, and the effect is naturally greatly reduced." ”

Zheng Weiguo thought about it for a while, and there were about three types of anti-armor shells in later generations, namely armor-piercing shells, armor-piercing shells, and armor-shattering shells. Armor-piercing bullets use high kinetic energy and hard warheads to break through armor; The armor-piercing projectile uses chemical energy to form a high-temperature and high-speed metal jet by means of a hollow charge; The most interesting thing is that the armor fragmentation bullet is that it slaps on the surface of the armor like thin mud, and then shatters the parts inside the armor like a cow across the mountain, causing casualties to personnel.

Of the three types of shells, armor-piercing shells are the best and most difficult to make. It is said that it is easy to build because of the bottom of the threshold. If you can make bullets, you can make them; It is said that it is difficult to build because it is difficult to build well, and a single tungsten carbide can stump a large number of people.

Since this road did not work, Zheng Weiguo decided to let the experts try to explore armor-piercing and armor-fragmenting bullets, especially armor-fragmenting bullets, which are relatively simple to manufacture, and only need softer shells and plastic explosives. The softer metal is believed to be able to be handled by the metallurgical group, and the plastic explosives are not difficult for Zheng Huzi, and the special forces can almost be equipped by themselves, the most famous of which is C4. Of course. The thin-skinned tank against the little devil doesn't need to be as ferocious as the C4.

Ye Qisun originally complained. Unexpectedly, Zheng Huzi really came up with a solution, and he couldn't help but be surprised and delighted, and hurriedly took a pen to memorize it. I kept asking questions about what I didn't understand until I figured it out.

The last workshop of the bullet factory is the reloading workshop. At present, the work of reloading bullets has begun to be transferred to central and southern Hebei. Most of the workers here have been transferred to other workshops.

Zheng Weiguo looked at it. Asked: "Counting the reloaded, how many bullets can we make every day now?" ”

Ye Qisun said: "We originally had a bullet machine, and then the Eighth Road sent another one. Together with the two units imported from Germany, the daily output can reach up to 40,000 rounds. Of course, sometimes there is a shortage of raw materials and this capacity cannot be reached. There are many reloads, as long as there are enough manpower, at least more than 100,000 rounds. Waiting for the reloading plant in Jizhong to do a good job, it will not be a problem to reload one million rounds a day. ”

Zheng Weiguo said in surprise: "So fast? ”

Ye Qisun nodded and smiled: "Yes, since the change to a Boxael-type bullet, the output has indeed changed amazingly. Of course, it is mainly reflected in the reloading, and the new bullets are not much different because they are all formed in one piece. ”

Zheng Weiguo nodded, thinking that he would have to build more bullet machines, and strive to make more than one million new bullets every day, so that he would have the confidence to fight a large-scale battle with the Japanese army.

After visiting the workshops of the bullet factory, Ye Qisun stretched out his hand and said, "Commander-in-chief, then let's go to the metallurgical plant to have a look!" ”

Zheng Weiguo remembered something and wondered: "Aren't the bullets and shells all together, why didn't I see the production workshop of the cloud burst bomb?" ”

Ye Qisun explained: "This kind of cannonball is too powerful, and the production process is also very dangerous, so we did not send it to various workshops, but put it in the experimental workshop of the chemical group!" ”

Zheng Weiguo smiled: "Oh, I see. I wonder how many rounds a day can be produced now? ”

Ye Qisun thought for a while and said: "This is not necessarily, it depends on the raw materials, if there are many raw materials, you can make more than ten rounds a day." The main reason is that the cloud burst agent can only be manufactured by laboratory methods, and cannot be mass-produced. It is all made by chemical experts, and they can't make much in a day. ”

Zheng Weiguo was puzzled: "Can't you train a group of workers?" ”

Ye Qisun smiled helplessly and explained: "Chemical industry is no better than others, and you can't learn it without a foundation." And this thing is too dangerous, let people who lack knowledge of chemistry operate it, in case something goes wrong, I'm afraid that the entire chemistry group will be blown up. ”

In this era, the phenomenon of bias is extremely serious, and the chemistry level of many college students is not as good as that of junior high school students in later generations. What's more, college students are also in short supply, and there are many places where they are needed, so it is impossible to send them all to learn to make cloud burst bombs.

Zheng Weiguo nodded and said, "It seems that we have to ask for another batch of graduates from the chemistry department from the rear." ”

The metallurgical plant is mainly copper and iron, and Professor Zhou Ren is trying to find a way to smelt cannon tube steel. It's just that the conditions in the base area are too backward, and there has been no progress. Historically, Zhou Ren and his students set up an electric furnace steel mill in Yunnan, which was able to produce gun barrel steel and mortar steel in large quantities, but the high-pressure gun tube steel was never produced.

Zheng Huzi didn't know much about metallurgy, he thought about it for a while, and suddenly remembered that there was a kind of smelting technique called "electroslag remelting" in the smelting technology of later generations, which is to use the resistive heat generated when the current passes through the slag as a heat source for smelting. Its main purpose is to purify the metal and obtain an ingot with a clean tissue and uniform density. The steel remelted by electroslag has high purity, low sulfur content, less non-metallic inclusions, smooth ingot surface, clean and uniform density, uniform metallographic structure and chemical composition.

To put it simply, this is how the steel performance of the refined steel is good! Not to mention mountain artillery, field artillery, and even tank guns with ultra-high bore pressure, which only appeared in later generations, can be made.

Originally, the technique of "electroslag remelting" was completely out of line with Zheng Huzi, the commander of the special forces, and it was unlikely that he would have contact. However, before Zheng Weiguo crossed, he happened to encounter a 450-ton "electroslag remelting" furnace built somewhere in Shanghai, which was the largest in the world. In order to prevent the enemy from sabotage, Zheng Weiguo went to inspect as a security consultant.

Zhou Ren's best at that time was electric furnace steelmaking, and when he heard the words "electroslag remelting", his eyes lit up, and he immediately grabbed Zheng Weiguo, and he had to ask for an understanding. Poor Zheng Huzi didn't understand this, so he had to pick up what he had heard and seen and told them. These guys are all technical maniacs, and they finally encountered new technology, how can they let it go? It took a whole day, and when it was time to spread black, he was satisfied to "put Zheng Weiguo back". (To be continued......)