At half past eleven o'clock in the evening of July 27, Guangzhou was controlled by Wang Mingyuan, and the incident was called the "First Uprising of Guangzhou", and July 27 was also regarded as the anniversary of the anti-Qing armed uprising.

July 27, 1909 in Guangzhou is obviously a very special day, with a lot of historical documents, and the more time passes, the more detailed the description. On the contrary, the diary of the person concerned, which has the value of precious historical documents, is extremely brief.

Some of the diaries of the parties were donated to the Historical Archives by later generations, and became important materials for the study of the history of the founding of the People's Republic of China. Historians have found that the comparison between the published canonical history and the diaries of the people involved is full of contradictions.

Wang Mingyuan led the special brigade and the cavalry battalion of the first division into the city of Guangzhou, and with the cooperation of the "anyway" Guangzhou security regiment and the guard battalion of the Mengshan Army Headquarters that remained behind, they occupied the general's mansion within a few hours, and conquered the city...... The Canton Domain, the Arsenal, the Mint, the Power Plant, the Waterworks, the Telegraph Office, and other important departments were immediately brought under control, and the people of Guangzhou poured into the streets to welcome the Mengshan Army Headquarters back to Guangzhou. The restoration of Guangzhou fired the first shot of armed opposition to the Qing Dynasty...... The next day, the headquarters of the Mengshan Army sent a "survey telegram", and the world shook......

This is a description of the Shouyi of Guangzhou written into the history textbooks of primary and secondary schools in the Republic of China. Of course, there will be differences in length in university, secondary and primary school history textbooks, but the key narratives are the same.

But private diaries tell a different story.

Wang Mingyuan: The key to Guangzhou's first uprising is to control the Guangzhou Security Corps. This is the only force that can confront Wang Mingyuan's less than 2,000 troops, and the security regiment accepts the name of the Mengshan Army. Joining the occupation or attack on the Governor's Mansion and the General's Palace, the Qing court's loss of Guangzhou became a foregone conclusion.

Shi Xiaomao, a native of Hejian in Zhili, was born in 1887, and was a small fellow villager of Lin Fengtong, the first town of Beiyang (battalion commander), who joined the Beiyang Army in Zhili and served as a service soldier of the forest management belt. At the end of 1908, Lin Fengtong was transferred to Guangzhou by Fengshan to serve as the head of the Guangzhou Security Corps, and Shi Xiaomao followed the chief to Guangzhou and was a witness of the 7.27 uprising. After 7.27. Shi Xiaomao's Guangzhou Security Regiment was officially incorporated into the Southern Army of the Mengshan Army. The number is the 19th Regiment of the 7th Brigade of the 3rd Division, and the regiment commander is Zhang Ziyu, an instructor who has just been transferred back from the Huangpu Military Academy brought by Wang Mingyuan, who is Wang Mingyuan's old subordinate and a veteran of the Mengshan Army. During the anti-Li Chun encirclement and suppression, it was Wang Mingyuan's guard, who was the battalion commander. The 19th Regiment took part in the Northern Expedition. Lin Xiaomao was awarded a second-class hero medal in the Battle of Wuchang. In the summer of 1910, he was promoted to platoon commander. Enter the officer sequence. In 1911, he entered the Whampoa Military Academy to study infantry, and in 1914, he was a company commander during the Qingdao Campaign, and was seriously wounded and disabled. After transferring to a local job, his last position before retirement was the director of the Baoding Civil Affairs Bureau. Shi Xiaomao, who studied in private school and went to military school, developed the habit of keeping a diary from the day he joined the army, and his diary, especially the diary of 1909~1914, has important historical value.

Let's look at Shi Xiaomao's diary on July 27.

"Buy a roast goose for the group, three live fish, and feast the battalion commander at lunch...... The big change took place at about 5 p.m. without any warning. As soon as he went out, he saw Commander Wang coming with a group of people, carrying a gun in his hand, and a tall man shouted in Shandong dialect, don't move! Stand there! Then they broke into the house of the group. I was so scared that I was trembling all over, and I heard the group screaming for mercy, followed by screams. Within two minutes, Commander Wang led people out, didn't look at me, and while walking, he ordered the whole group to gather. The big man who ordered me to move just now said to me, go clean up and fight us, this is the end, you can be more clear, you are a small soldier, we don't embarrass you. When I entered the house, the smell of blood was pungent, and I saw that Lin Tuanza, who was sitting on a chair, had his neck cut off, and blood was spraying all over the wall, and the man was dead...... Danza was so good to me that I cried at the time...... Lin Tuanzuo knew very well that the security regiment was controlled by our army, and the vast majority of the officers were from the old five towns in Shandong, and the soldiers wore the military uniforms of the fifth town, received the military salaries given by the fifth town, held the weapons issued by the fifth town, and received exactly the same training as them, so they naturally turned their hearts to the fifth town. If Wen Yan was comforted, Lin Tuanzuo might not have rebelled with the army, but he was killed at the time of the first uprising......"

There is no record of Lin Fengtong in all official history books. Perhaps this Beiyang battalion commander, the head of the Guangzhou Security Regiment, is too low to be recorded in the official history. Except for the battle of the General's Palace, there is no record of any killings in the official history books. There are even history books that say that Guangzhou is the first righteousness, the people's will, and the Mengshan army took over the city of Guangzhou without blood.

And Wang Mingyuan, the general of the Mengshan Army, who served as a military general for a long time in the future, has a reputation for being humble and self-controlled, kind and kind, and is known as a benevolent handsome. General Wang Mingyuan, who participated in all major military operations before and after the founding of the People's Republic of China, categorically killed Lin Fengtong because he was worried about the stability of the security regiment. He also has memoirs handed down, but there is no record of Lin Fengtong, as if this person does not exist at all.

Zhou Fu, the governor of Liangguang, responded to the righteousness and became the generalissimo of the Guangzhou Military Government, which greatly shocked the Qing court and seriously shook the position of the officials of Liangguang.

Xu Xueren, a native of Anqing, was a member of the Governor's Office at the age of Chinese New Year's Eve, and was one of Zhou Fu's copywriters in 1909. After the first uprising in Guangzhou, he served in the Guangzhou Military Government. After the establishment of the Republic, he entered the political arena and successively served as section chief and deputy director of the Guangzhou Municipal Finance Bureau, and director and deputy director of the Guangzhou Railway Bureau. This gentleman is also an eyewitness to the 7.27 uprising.

"At about six o'clock in the evening, I was talking with the Governor about the financing of the construction of the Guangzhou-Shaoguan railway. Gunfire erupted in the city, followed by the sound of huge bombs. Zhou Gong pushed the case up, and even shouted, 'Bitter, bitter, I am bitter'. Obviously, Zhou Gong understood that the troops of the Fifth Town had rebelled. Suddenly, General Wang led the army to arrive, but the standard battalion of the Governor's Mansion did not dare to resist, and allowed the troops led by the king to enter. As soon as he arrived in the backyard, Zhou Gong closed the door. General Wang stood outside the door, "We are ordered by the commander to act against the Qing Dynasty, and we have no intention of harming the lord." Why bother? After a long time, Zhou Gong opened the door. But only General Wang entered, and the rest of the soldiers stood outside the door and did not enter, but they were loaded with guns. The atmosphere was tense. I was just outside the door and heard Zhou Gong's howling. About half an hour later, General Wang came out and said loudly that the Governor was well aware of the righteousness and had decided to oppose the Qing Dynasty...... Half an hour later, someone asked aloud, who was in charge of the Governor's Seal? I promise it. Someone came to take out the proclamation that had been prepared for a long time, and asked me to use the ......."

The general mentioned in Xu Xueren's diary is none other than Wang Mingyuan, the number one contributor to the first uprising in Guangzhou. At that time, there was only one of the Guangdong generals of the Mengshan Army surnamed Wang. It won't be someone else. Others are not qualified to persuade Zhou Fu anyway.

Zhou Fu only nominally served as the generalissimo of the Guangzhou military government for two months. He became ill and completely faded out of politics. His son Zhou Xuexi has been in Shandong for a long time, has a deep relationship with the Mengshan Army, and has served as a senior leader in the economic field for a long time after the founding of the People's Republic of China. It is also the first meritorious hero. He is the author of a memoir of 1.2 million words. It records in detail the arduous entrepreneurial process of following the Mengshan Army since 1903. A separate chapter in his book writes about his father's exploits in participating in the first uprising in Guangzhou, which can be regarded as a blasphemy for his father. However, according to Xu Xueren's diary. Zhou Fu didn't know about Guangzhou Shouyi beforehand, let alone was unwilling to cooperate. As for the telegram as the generalissimo of the Canton Military Government, it was by no means his own hand. The truth is that there is no signature of him at all, and even the private seal is stamped for him by his subordinates.

For Wang Mingyuan, Situ Jun, Feng Guozhu and Hong Yuecheng, the great heroes of Guangzhou's first righteousness, the history books are even more praised. Almost all official history books praise several people for their calmness and good command, leaving posterity with the image of "tall and complete".

However, it was not until 50 years after the founding of the People's Republic of China that an extremely precious diary of the person concerned was donated to the Historical Archives by his descendants, and the actions of the four heroes of the First Righteousness before the uprising were discovered by scholars who were qualified to study the original diary. After a research article on the Shouyi of Guangzhou was published in the authoritative historical journal Modern History Research, it was immediately pursued by Hong Yuecheng's descendants, who believed that the article had tarnished the glorious image of his ancestors and sued the author in court. However, the owner of the diary came from a bigger background, and the matter ended with the withdrawal of the lawsuit by Hong's descendants, but it aroused the interest of learning to trace the details of the first righteousness in Guangzhou.

The owner of this diary is none other than Long Qian's outer room, Ms. Xu Si, who was Long Qian's personal secretary at the time. At that time, her name was Yan Xinruo.

Xu Si's diary on July 27 is very long, with more than 4,000 words, and it records in detail the scene of the headquarters of the Mengshan Army, which is an extremely precious historical material.

“…… Liang Junshan hurriedly ran over, his voice trembling, 'Something happened in Guangxi! I was taken aback. The first feeling was that he was in distress, because Director Cao had warned me about the instability of the ten towns in front of me beforehand. I snatched the telegram and saw that he was not in danger and that the situation was under control. However, the telegram clearly instructed that the secret had been leaked, and ordered Guangdong to launch it immediately...... Master Feng jumped to his feet happily, and shouted "Let's do it, let's do it, I've been looking forward to this day for a long time!" The chief of staff trotted into the operations section, and gave orders one after another, and the atmosphere instantly became solemn, and the staff officers were all trotting all the way to give orders or make phone calls...... Wang called Mr. Hong and said, 'Hurry up and get out the manuscript!' Don't grind. The manuscript is an essay of righteousness, and he has already arranged this matter for Mr. Hong, I know it. Mr. Hong grabbed the king's shirt, "Wait, wait, let's wait for the commander to come back, otherwise there will be no way out" Wang shouted loudly, "Where is there any way out!" ’…… When the lamp was in hand, Mr. Hong drafted the manuscript, came to me to read it, and said that he couldn't write, and his writing and thinking were all dried up all at once, and he couldn't think of words. I read it and noticed that he had written two wrong words, so I corrected it immediately. said to him, it's just a power-up, not a top exam, just say what should be said. At that time, Feng and Wang had already left, and only the chief of staff of the headquarters was guarding the operations section, and Mr. Hong said to me tremblingly, 'This is history, this is history...... Sister Qiu came to hear the news and asked me if I had done it? I said I had acted, she yelled a few times, and then started crying again...... Gaine has experienced life and death, and his heart feels something. Until the early morning of the next day, news came from Guangzhou that it had been successfully taken over, and the chief of staff said to me with a smile, it's time to move again, let's go back to the city! ”

The "king" in Xu Si's diary is naturally Wang Mingyuan, and Sister Qiu is undoubtedly Qiu Jin. Liang Junshan was the head of the Communications Division of the General Staff at that time.

Xu Si talked about witnessing history. This is a very interesting passage. At that time, Wang Mingyuan was thirty-four years old and the same as Long Qian. Feng Guozhu is thirty-three years old, Situ Jun is thirty-two years old, Hong Yuecheng is thirty-one years old, for officials who embarked on official careers after the founding of the People's Republic of China, it is already a miracle that they can be county magistrates at this age, but a few people of this age single-handedly instigated the first uprising in Guangzhou. The main opponent of the Mengshan Army, the Beiyang Department, has a large number of Wenchen generals between the ages of 30 and 40, which is really a phenomenon worth studying.

Xu Si's diary accurately records the demeanor of the four heroes of Guangzhou's first righteousness. Situ Jun's calmness, Feng Guozhu's escape, Wang Mingyuan's firmness, and Hong Yuecheng's hesitation. and Qiu Jin's emotion.

As the founding father of the Republic, Hong Yuecheng's upright and stern image left to future generations collapsed after the disclosure of Xu Si's diary. Only in this way can it appear real and credible.

What makes researchers laugh is that among the four, only Hong Yuecheng wrote an article describing Guangzhou Shouyi more than once afterwards, and his image is tall and solemn, which is admirable. However, Wang Mingyuan and Situ Jun, who were more qualified to tell about this important event, did not record a single word in their memoirs the scene at the headquarters before the decision to raise the uprising, but only said that in the name of Long Qian, he studied the division of labor and commanded the Guangzhou uprising. Probably because although Shouyi is of great significance, it doesn't seem to be worth mentioning for the repeated vicious battles in the future, so it will be brushed aside.

At 9 o'clock in the morning of July 28, the headquarters of the Mengshan Army sent a telegram in the name of Long Qian to the whole country to oppose the Qing Dynasty.

"Since the First Sino-Japanese War, the golden ou has been incomplete, the land has been ceded and the compensation has been paid, the concessions have been set up, and the country is no longer a country! Frequent floods and droughts, displacement of the people, accumulation of taxes, and extreme difficulties in people's livelihood are all the fault of the politicians!

"Over the past decades, countless people with lofty ideals have felt the weakening of national strength and the loss of culture, and have sought a way to save the country at the cost of their lives. The Qing court was confined to the selfish interests of one clan, ignored the happiness of the billions of people, ignored the people's call for political reform, regarded the people as dogs, and blindly adopted the barbaric method of suppression by force. Our army was founded in Mengshan Mountain, that is, it is our duty to safeguard national independence and seek the happiness of the people. Out of the good wish to maintain national unity and tranquility, he believed that after the outbreak of civil strife, the war was raging, and the interests of the compatriots of the whole country were harmed, and the profiteers were plotting to enslave and exploit certain foreign forces in China, so the rebellion in Hunan, Jiangxi and Guangdong was quelled, and peace and stability in the country were strived for. It is hoped that the Qing court will be in charge of the people, recognize the general trend, and take the well-being of hundreds of millions of people as the mind, earnestly reform politics, and conform to the will of the people. However, the Qing court did not follow the trend of history, but conspired to raise troops to attack Shandong, and then destroy the Mengshan army, and maintain its decadent rule for thousands of years, and all the officers and men of our Mengshan army were extremely disappointed. For the sake of the continuation of Chinese civilization and the happiness of the people, we are determined to conform to the will of the people, raise troops against the Qing Dynasty, overthrow the dictatorial monarchy, and establish a democratic republic of New China!

"China is the China of four trillion people, not the world of one family and one surname. Long Qian believes that power is responsibility. The Mengshan Army opposed the Qing Dynasty, and what they sought was to save the country and the people, rejuvenate the national system of the republic, unite the 40,000,000 compatriots of our China, work together to rejuvenate our country, and take revenge on the non-narrow nation, and exterminate millions of compatriots of the Manchus. The Manchu court should recognize the general trend, follow the trend, openly abdicate, and properly settle the republican government that emerged through democracy. All political factions and armies are of the same path as long as they support the Mengshan Army's ideas. When the revolution succeeds, we should sincerely invite all people at home and abroad who are committed to the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation to negotiate the establishment of a legitimate central government to lead the people of the whole country and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation!

When the world was electrified, it was the day of the establishment of the Guangzhou Military Government, and before the establishment of the new central government, the Guangzhou Military Government acted on its behalf! ”

The signature of the electrification was Long Qian, commander-in-chief of the Mengshan Army.

As soon as the "survey telegram" came out, on the same day, the two provinces of Shandong and Jilin underwent a great change, and the garrison occupied the provincial capital, sent a telegram in response to Guangdong, announcing that it would accept the leadership of the Mengshan Army General Headquarters and the Guangzhou Military Government.

In an instant, Guangdong, Shandong, and Jilin announced their recovery. The whole country immediately boiled! The world was shocked! (To be continued......)