After the unification of the government decree and the reform of the official system, almost all officials have a place to go, and after the reform of the official system, the title of the official has also undergone a fundamental change, for example, the highest governor of a city used to be called the city guard, but now it is not called that, the county order or county guard, the level of the county is half a level higher than the level of the county seat, and the seat of a county is located in the county seat, and the highest governor of the county town is also the county order, but the official office of the county guard is also located here.

The reform of the official system not only changed the title of the officials, but most importantly made a detailed division in terms of administrative level, and redivided all the territory of the jurisdiction, which can be said to have fundamentally changed the previous division of administrative regions, and the subsequent changes also involved the reform of the political system, but this official reform did not carry out a more in-depth reform of the political system, but it didn't matter, Qin Dong decided that since the official reform was still successful, Then the next step is to carry out the relevant political system reform.

Only by reforming the bureaucratic system can we further carry out the reform of the political system, and it is the best time to optimize and standardize the system in more depth while it has just taken shape, and it will be very difficult to change it after the system matures in the future.

As for how to carry out the reform of the political system, Qin Dong decided after several deliberations to adopt the "Examination Law" reformed by Zhang Juzheng of the Wanli Dynasty of the Ming Dynasty, which was a very effective reform, and its role had a profound impact on the people of the world even in the later 21st century.

There are two main contents of Zhang Juzheng's "Examination Law": "First, the Sixth Ministry and the Metropolitan Procuratorate set a time limit for the things that their officials should do. It was registered in three account books, one of which was kept by the Sixth Department and the Metropolitan Procuratorate, and the other was sent to the Six Departments. The last book was presented to the Cabinet. Second, the six ministries and the Metropolitan Procuratorate are registered according to the account books and inspected month by month. For the things undertaken by the subordinate officials, one must be posted for each completed item, otherwise it must be truthfully declared, otherwise it will be punished for violating the law; The six divisions can also register according to the account books, and require the six departments to report on the implementation of the implementation every six months. Violators will be dealt with in limited cases; Finally, the Cabinet also registered the books of accounts to verify the inspection work of the six sections. ”

It's very simple to say, such as a county. At the beginning of each year, he lists the work to be completed one by one, copies it into a book, and keeps a copy for himself and a copy for the cabinet. By the end of the year a pair. If there's something you haven't done, congratulations, pack your things and get ready to guard the gates. And if you come to the gate of the city, the same will be true of you, until the roll is gone.

At the beginning of the year, the performance objectives of the year are formulated, and the annual performance targets are summarized at the end of the year. All demotion is completely in line with our current performance management theory!

The reason why Zhang Juzheng chose the examination method as a breakthrough in his series of reforms. It is based on the reality that "it is not difficult to legislate for things that cover the world, but it is difficult for the law to be enforced; It is not difficult to listen to words, but it is difficult to do what is said. If you inquire about things and do not consider the end, and do things without adding repeated provinces, there is no comprehensive audit on it, and people have the idea of being reluctant, although Yao Shun is the king, Yu Gao is the support, and it is difficult to achieve the bottom of the performance. "Though those who look for the governors above are earnest, those who listen to those below are always despised." "If the law doesn't work, people can't do it, what's the benefit of discussing the law without discussing people?"

Zhang Juzheng believes that the decrees and regulations issued by the imperial court are not too many; "Placing mail and passing it on to all directions" is not timely, but what is the effect? Officials of all sizes work all day long, but in fact, they are just paper! The paper came out of the South Paper Shop in Beijing, sent it to the Yamen, and after reading it, it went out of the Yamen, and after traveling with official documents of varying lengths, it entered another Yamen for filing. In such a situation, what is the use of the best reform plan you propose? Therefore, Zhang Juzheng introduced the examination method to reform the political system of the Ming Dynasty.

The examination law clearly stipulates that all officials and others who are not allowed to use the line to conduct surveys; All internal and external officials are worried, reinstated, given, promoted, transferred, transferred, and insigned, etc., and are not allowed to gallop. In fact, during the Jiajing and Longqing years, some restrictions were also made, but in the end they all became a piece of waste paper. Why? Didn't grasp the implementation. Zhang Juzheng first started with himself. His son went back to Gangneung to take the exam and hired a car by himself, and when his father celebrated his birthday, he instructed his servants to carry the birthday gift and ride a donkey back to celebrate his birthday; In the eighth year of Wanli, his second brother Zhang Juqian was seriously ill and returned to his hometown to recuperate. The son of Hou Donglai, the governor of Gansu, was impeached by the officials, and his son's official shadow was dismissed. The power of the test method can be seen here.

In terms of finance, the results of the examination method are the most significant. After the implementation of the examination law, it was stipulated that if the levy was insufficient, the governor and the governor listened to the correction according to the imperial history, and the government, prefecture, and county officials listened to the adjustment. Therefore, it is like a whip, urging officials at all levels to work hard to open up sources and reduce expenditure. According to the budget of Longqing for two or three years, the state collects 1.5 million taels every year, spends more than 4 million taels, and has a fiscal deficit of 1.5 million taels; Three years after the implementation of the examination law, the stock of silver has reached 7.03 million taels, the annual normal expenditure is more than 3.9 million taels, and there is still a surplus of 3 million taels. Today, when we look back at Zhang Juzheng's examination method, we can see some of its loopholes, for example, the cabinet controls the six departments, and the six departments control the six departments, so who controls the six cabinets? Probably the emperor. Who controls the emperor? No one controls the emperor. This is an inevitable loophole in the rule of man. Today, we propose to govern the country according to law, which is a historic progress, but we have also seen that although many laws and regulations have been formulated, in many cases, there are laws that are not followed, and power is greater than the law; Although many decisions and resolutions have been made, they are often only implemented in the conference room and on paper, but not in action and results. Formulating and perfecting laws and strengthening decision-making is one aspect, and more importantly, it is necessary to grasp implementation and law enforcement.

In the third year of Wanli (1575), a total of 237 unfinished events were found in the names of the provincial officials, and 54 ministers were appeased. Fengyang Governor Wang Zongmu and Inspector Zhang Genghua, Guangdong Governor Zhang Shouyu, Zhejiang Governor Xiao Li, were suspended for three months for too many unfinished events. In the fourth year of Wanli (1576), the imperial court stipulated that those who levied less than ninety percent of the local officials would be punished. In December, according to a report from the Huke Division, 17 officials in Shandong and 2 officials in Henan were demoted because less than 90 percent of the local officials were levied, while 2 officials in Shandong and 9 officials in Henan were dismissed.

During Zhang Juzheng's entire reign, about three-tenths of the total number of officials were dismissed because of the examination law. The three books of the examination are strictly controlled by officials at all levels, from the central to the local. In the year of the "big plan" for the assessment of magistrates, it is emphasized that officials who act impartially and serve the people are listed as the exams; Officials who rely exclusively on rhetoric and seeking credibility will be listed as the next examination, and those redundant officials who lack efficiency will be abolished. At the same time, Zhang Juzheng also extensively increased talents, promoted officials who supported reform and had outstanding political achievements, and entrusted them with important tasks. It has completely broken the traditional prejudice of seniority, and boldly appointed talents regardless of their background and qualifications.

Compared with the historical Shang Yang reform, Sang Hongyang reform, Wang Anshi reform and other heavy reforms, Zhang Juzheng's reform that occurred in the Wanli period of Mingshenzong is the most extensive reform and the best effect, and a very important reason for this result is that Zhang Juzheng first carried out the reform of the political system, which provided an organizational guarantee for the implementation of economic reforms such as a whip law in the future.

Qin Dong in later generations of Wanli new policy has some understanding, now his official reform has been completed, if continue to go deeper to introduce the examination law, then it is bound to create an efficient and efficient regime, and this is exactly what he needs, after the introduction of the examination law, for those lazy officials, not enterprising officials is a spur, and after a few years in the river to push the boat to introduce the anti-corruption law, so that officials can not only work efficiently, but also be honest and honest, of course, no matter how strict the system will always have loopholes, there are always officials who take risks for money, Therefore, it is also necessary to appropriately raise the salaries of officials, and in addition, it is necessary to strengthen ideological education, and propaganda plays a very great role in this regard.

Qin Dong spent some time writing out the specific content of the examination method, and then gathered Peteaus, Felton, Zhong Hui and other major officials, and then sent them a copy of the written examination method, "You see, in order to urge officials to be motivated, work hard for the people, and improve work efficiency, this king has written several regulations, called "Examination Law", and after reading it, I will give some opinions!" ”

The more they looked at it, the more surprised they became, if the law was introduced, it would inevitably be a role for all officials to supervise, and officials who procrastinated and did not practice may not be able to get along.

After reading it, Peteus said: "The king, the lower officials think that this examination law is very good, if it is promulgated, there will be absolutely no officials who only take money and do not work, otherwise they will not be able to pass the test at the end of the year, I completely agree, but is it too anxious to introduce this law now?" After all, we have only just reformed the bureaucratic system, and many officials have not yet recovered from this earthquake."

Felton also expressed his opinion: "I think it is most appropriate to introduce this law in this matter, taking advantage of the success of the official reform to continue to introduce the examination law is very timely, since the officials have accepted the fact of the official reform, then what is the point of having an additional examination law?" If we wait until this regulation is introduced in the future, we will encounter great resistance! ”

Qin Dong looked at Zhong Hui: "What does Lord Zhong think?" ”

Zhong Hui twisted his beard, thought for a while, and said: "Your Majesty, the lower officials also agree to issue this regulation at this time, but it is easy to legislate, and the difficult thing is to implement the regulations thoroughly, which is the key!" ”

Qin Dong slapped the table and said loudly: "That's right, Lord Zhong's words are to the point, that is, the intensity of implementation has been thorough, and relevant official offices must be established to supervise the implementation of laws and regulations!" (To be continued......)