Volume II: World War I, Blood and Fire, Chapter 1, The Dice Have Been Turned, Section 1, Military Delegation
In June 1914, Peking Union Medical College and Union Medical College Hospital, donated by the Rockefeller Foundation, were completed at the same time, and Rockefeller Jr. made a special trip to Beijing to attend the inauguration ceremony of the medical school and its affiliated practice hospital. On the morning of June 30, on a hot and windless day, the ceremony was held in the main building square of Union Medical College Hospital, which was built in the downtown area of Dongcheng. The medical school is still 20 miles away, and according to Beijing's municipal plan, it was built in the densely populated Haidian district, adjacent to the central administrative district under construction, where the future presidential palace, the prime minister's office and most of the ministries will be built.
The inauguration ceremony was presided over by Minister of Health Qi Shangming, and attended by Vice Premier Song Jiaoren, Governor of Zhili Province and Mayor of Beijing Deng Qinghua, Minister of Civil Affairs Wang Shizhen, President of the Supreme Court and Honorary Chairman of the China-US Friendship Association Wang Chonghui, Assistant Minister of Foreign Affairs Gu Weijun and other senior government officials attended the ceremony, expressing the importance of the government. In addition to government officials, about 300 representatives from all walks of life in Beijing attended the meeting. It is impossible for Mr. Reinsch, the US ambassador to China, not to be present on such an occasion. Minister Qi Shangming introduced the guests and invited Mr. Rockefeller, Chairman of Mobil Oil, the donor, to speak. Rockefeller Jr. said that Peking Union Medical College and Union Medical College Hospital had received great help from the Beijing Municipal Government in the process of site selection and construction, and he expressed his deep gratitude. In the four years since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the rapid development of culture, education and medical services has attracted the attention of the world, and the Rockefeller Foundation is deeply honored to do something for the health of the Chinese people.
After Rockefeller Jr.'s speech. Vice Premier Song Jiaoren delivered a speech in response and expressed his heartfelt thanks to the Rockefeller Foundation for its generous donation, and said that the completion and operation of Union Medical College and Union Medical College Hospital witnessed the great friendship between the Chinese and American peoples. With the joint efforts of the people of China and the United States, Union Medical College will be the first-class medical school in Asia, and Union Medical College Hospital will be the first-class hospital in Asia.
Rockefeller Jr. hoped to meet President Long Qian at the ceremony, but unfortunately Long Qian did not show up, and even the prime minister and foreign minister did not attend. Obviously, this has something to do with the sudden situation in Europe. Rockefeller Jr. carries Woolrod. President Wilson's private message to Long Qian. He had to hand it over to the "dictator" with whom Wilson had established a good personal relationship.
Last year, the Chinese president was invited to visit the United States during the Balkan Wars. Wilson once hosted a family banquet at the White House for Mr. and Mrs. Long Qian. Afterwards, Wilson talked to Rockefeller Jr. about his perception of the guests, and admitted that he was a very attractive man with funny words. Sharp-eyed. He has a deep insight into the world situation. However. President Wilson said meaningfully that Mr. Long had established the first republic in Asia, but he was still a dictator. China still has a long way to go from true democracy.
The Rockefeller consortium's investment in the medical school and affiliated hospitals was facilitated under the guidance of Huamei Machinery Group Company, so Liu Xiaoqi, chairman of Huamei Group, accompanied Rockefeller Jr. to Beijing. These two projects cost the Rockefeller Foundation more than $2 million. However, this is only a small amount compared to Mobil China, which has made huge profits in China.
The ceremony lasted about forty minutes. After the end, Rockefeller Jr., accompanied by Song Jiaoren, Wang Shizhen, Gu Weijun and others, drove to the presidential palace, and Ambassador Rui Enshi also went there.
Qi Shangming did not go, he knew that the president was convening an important meeting, of course, to study the Serbian contingencies. As Minister of Health, he was not eligible to attend that meeting.
The Ministry of Health was newly established in 1912, along with the Ministry of Water Resources, Mines and Railways. The plague in Harbin in the spring of 1911, especially after the repeated flooding of the two lakes in the summer of 1911, prompted the central government to set up a Ministry of Health to manage and guide the country's medical and health undertakings.
Qi Shangming watched the convoy go east along the renovated Chang'an Avenue, and beckoned to a general wearing a short-sleeved military dress at the scene.
Major General Cheng Jianguo, Chief of Staff of the Aviation Command, walked over, "What instructions does Minister Qi have?" You're exalted, and you don't invite us to a meal? ”
"If you want to please, you will please." Qi Shangming said with a smile, "Among the brigadier generals, you were the first batch to be promoted to major general, and now your salary is higher than mine, and it is said that the aviation is higher." How do you have time to come here? Is the Air Force on holiday? ”
"Hehe, I'm on a business trip tonight to deal with some personal matters, and I happened to run into you guys doing these nonsense things. But Americans are really generous. How many airports can be built for $2 million? ”
"How can the Americans be so generous, the wool comes out of the sheep, the standard oil in front, and now Mobil, how much money does it make from China? By the way, where are you going? ”
"Confidentiality." Cheng Jianguo took off his military hat and wiped his sweat, "The weather is really hot." I've got some personal matters to take care of, and I don't have time, so goodbye. I owe that meal, and I'll come back to you. ”
"Wait, you say, can the war in Europe really be fought?"
"I'm not Wilhelm II. Ha ha. Cheng Jianguo put on a military hat, saluted Qi Shangming with a chic military salute, and walked towards his old Taishan brand car. Witnessing the latest Kirin car of Shandong Automobile Group up close, Taishan brand is too shabby. But it's not bad, if it weren't for the extra star on the epaulettes, there would be no such treatment.
After graduating from the first short training course for middle and senior officers in 1911, Cheng Jianguo left his beloved army command post and was transferred to the aviation command that was being formed as acting chief of staff. The commander is Lieutenant General Shang Fengchun, first deputy chief of the General Staff, which shows the high rank of the command. In 1912, Cheng Jianguo studied for six months at Xi'an Aeronautical College, where Feng Ru was also the president, and learned to fly. After graduation, he was officially transferred to the Aviation Command as Chief of Staff, and Shang Fengchun was also officially transferred from the General Staff to serve as the Commander of the Air Force.
Note that aviation is a branch of the armed forces, not a branch of the armed forces, and according to the President's explanation, aviation will be the third largest branch of the Wehrmacht after the Army and Navy.
In the autumn of 1913, according to the regulations on the management of military ranks. Cheng Jianguo was promoted to major general. This is the lowest military rank corresponding to the Chief of Staff of the Service Command.
At that time, Cheng Jianguo, who had already decided to work in Beijing for a long time, bought a small courtyard house in Dongsi Sitiao and officially settled in Beijing.
Beijing's urban transformation began in 1912. After more than a year of repeated arguments, Mr. Zhu Qichao, who was a high-ranking official of the Manchu Qing Dynasty and loved construction, was invited to be the deputy director of the Beijing Municipal Urban Construction Commission (Deng Qinghua was also the director), and a list of buildings that should be protected and preserved was listed. Zhu Qichao agreed with the second plan for Beijing's urban renewal, the main point of which was to build a new city, move the central head office occupying Xiyuan out of the outer city, and plan to build a large number of buildings, including the presidential palace, west of the Sanli River in the western suburbs, instead of building a central administrative district east of Qianmen, as the Beijing municipal government strongly advocated. The army was self-contained and did not build its own office area in the western suburbs. Instead, I chose the southern suburbs. The construction of the headquarters buildings of the Ministry of National Defense, the General Staff, the Joint Logistics Headquarters and other major organs has already begun before the government complex. There is also the Aviation Command building. At the same time, a large number of dormitory buildings were also built. But Cheng Jianguo couldn't wait, because his mother had a serious illness in 1912 and almost died, and Cheng Jianguo, who felt indebted to his parents' nurturing grace, strongly advocated that his parents be brought to Beijing. So he took out the military salary he had saved. I bought a small yard in Dongsi. Bringing parents to Beijing is also convenient for mothers to treat their illnesses (which is cardiac).
The construction of Peking Union Medical College and its affiliated hospitals is what Cheng Jianguo is concerned about, because a large number of medical experts from the United States will come to work in the medical school and hospitals. Cheng Jianguo once had the idea of arranging for his mother to go to the United States for treatment. It is said that Americans can do heart surgery, but not at home. But the mother firmly disagreed. Because his younger brother died in Texas, Cheng Jianguo made up his mind to let his parents enjoy their old age in peace, regardless of the cost. The completion of Union Medical College gave him hope of completely curing his mother's dark disease.
Cheng Jianguo returned to his home and told his parents that he was going on a long trip, which might take two months or more. Union Medical College and Union Hospital have been officially completed, and he has arranged for his colleagues to go through the hospitalization procedures. When the time comes, someone will come to take you to the hospital, and you must follow the doctor's instructions, don't be afraid of trouble, don't be afraid of spending money.
Cheng Daniu didn't ask his son where he went, but just told him to work hard, now that the burden on your shoulders is heavy, you can't live up to the commander's hopes.
In the midterm elections of the National Assembly that ended in the second half of last year, Cheng Daniu was elected as a member of the House of Representatives as the deputy director of the Shandong Committee of the Peasants' and Workers' Party, and served as the deputy director of the House of Representatives Agricultural and Rural Peasants' Committee (referred to as the Three Rural Affairs Committee).
Cheng Jianguo stayed at home for only half an hour, and after his daughter-in-law prepared a change of clothes for him, he hurried to the train station, and together with the 13 members of the military delegation to Germany, he first went to Tianjin, and then took a naval warship to Germany.
He was also the deputy head of the delegation, which was led by Vice Minister of National Defense, Lieutenant General Feng Guozhang.
When Cheng Jianguo was waiting for the train in the waiting hall of Qianmen Railway Station, he kept thinking about this trip to Germany. The Wehrmacht military delegation to Germany was of a very high rank, with one lieutenant general, two major generals, four brigadier generals and seven colonels, including the army, navy and aviation. They will be accompanied by Lieutenant Colonel Demarwitz. When Lieutenant Colonel Demavitz first arrived in China, he looked down on the Wehrmacht at all, believing that Asians were the only ones who could fight with the Japanese, and that they were far from the European armies. China? They're just a bunch of farmers with rifles. However, last year's Sino-German joint exercise in Laizhou "educated" this arrogant German soldier, and in addition to the excellent example of the air force, Lieutenant Colonel Demawitz was very interested in the offensive tactics of the Chinese infantry detachment, although the aviation force played a huge role, but the Chinese infantry's sharp detachment broke through the carefully arranged defense line, and their excellent combat engineer showed a very high sense of victory, sacrifice and combat skills, and won the respect of Demarwitz. Afterwards, Lieutenant Colonel Demavitz toasted Cheng Jianguo twice at a banquet at the high-level banquet of the two armies, and said a lot of words of admiration that his peers were unwilling to say.
The army units of the Laizhou exercise were a regiment of the 17th Brigade and the 16th Division of the 6th Division. The 6th Division, which established itself in the Battle of Texas, had always been known for its strong defense, but this time it showed its face in the attack. It was applauded by General Situ Jun, chief of the General Staff, who was present at the scene to observe the exercise.
This trip has been in the works since the Chinese and German militaries held a joint military exercise in Laizhou last year. The Germans were extremely interested in the aviation tactics displayed by the Chinese Wehrmacht, especially after the Chinese solved the technical problems of putting machine guns on the planes, and the Germans have been seeking cooperation with the Chinese army in the field of aviation. Previously, the aircraft was only used for reconnaissance and communications, but the Chinese loaded heavy machine guns on the aircraft and cleverly solved the problem of bullet and blade interference, making the aircraft an effective ground attack weapon. Not only that, but the Chinese side also surprised the Germans by demonstrating highly effective ground bombing technology during the exercise. They probably didn't estimate the power of the plane, that exercise. The large formation of the Chinese army destroyed the heavy artillery positions of the German army at the beginning of the war. The exercise was one-sided, and there was nothing to see.
On this visit to Germany, Cheng Jianguo will be ordered to transfer some aviation technology and tactics......
Those techniques were acquired with great effort, and the formation of tactics paid the price of blood. This year alone. Four planes have already been dropped, two pilots have been sacrificed. And so "for nothing" to the Germans?
But an order is an order. There is no room for ambiguity. A month ago, the military delegation to Germany was officially formed, in Haiyan Hall. The President met with the head of the regiment, Feng Guozhang, the deputy head of the regiment, You Huisheng, and him. You Huisheng is the deputy director of the General Administration of Ordnance Industry. On the matter of going to Germany, the president talked about his principled demands. Cheng Jianguo clearly remembers what the president said: The situation in Europe is dangerous, and the possibility of a European war or even a world war is extremely high. After you arrive in Germany, you should be humble in learning, especially the experience of the German army in mobilization and organization, compared with the German army, we can only be primary school students...... However, the president has a different opinion on the planned Sino-German military cooperation project, and the short-term project is okay, but the long-term project is suspended.
Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Germany, over the past four years, there have been more than 50 Sino-German military cooperation projects, and almost all of them have blossomed from the army to the navy and later the air force. The Germans transferred a large number of key technologies in artillery, optical sighting, submarines, and chemicals, while China unreservedly transferred to the Germans a complete set of drawings for several new weapons. Among them is a field cannon that is very popular with the army, which is extremely lightweight, with a total weight of less than 250 kilograms, a low barrel of less than 50 centimeters, but a caliber of 75mm, which is a sharp weapon for destroying enemy fortifications and heavy machine gun positions at close range, and can greatly enhance the offensive firepower of battalion-level detachments when used in conjunction with mortars. However, the Germans did not care much about small artillery, but were very interested in semi-automatic rifles and new light and heavy machine guns developed by the Ordnance Administration.
Cheng Jianguo was astonished to note that since May, the army has gradually entered a state of imminent war, and the General Staff Department has entered a wartime state, and a 24-hour duty system has been established, that is, at least one person in the chief of operations, deputy chief of the general department, or general chief will stick to his post. This is an anomaly, and it is by no means because of the big exercise codenamed "Bastion of Peace" that is being prepared. Because the exercises are held every year, the General Staff Department has never entered such a state of imminent combat. Not only the General Staff but also the Navy Command and the Air Force Command have also received a joint directive from the Ministry of Defense and the General Staff to establish a system of combat readiness duty for the chiefs.
In addition to the participation of all the troops of the Central Military Region, the 1st Division stationed in Baoding Gongwei Gyeonggi and the 14th Division stationed in Wuhan are scheduled to participate, and the troops of these two divisions have already begun to assemble in Shandong. The five flight wings that had already been formed were ordered to be transferred to Jinan, Qingzhou, Jimo, Langfang, and other airfields.
There are some unusual flavors in it......
Yesterday, a month after the summons of Haiyantang, the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, Vlatz. News of the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand in the city of Sarajevo, Bosnian province, the southernmost point of Austro-Hungarian territory.
This news did not cause much of a stir in the aviation command. Who Archduke Ferdinand is, and what will happen to him if he is stabbed, Cheng Jianguo can't say at all. But he has realized that the president's prediction a month ago that the situation in Europe will change dramatically has come true. Is there any special meaning to go to Germany at this time? Cheng Jianguo couldn't say clearly. But it seems appropriate for the president to indicate the latest approach. Last night, he and You Huisheng met in Feng Guozhang's office about leaving tomorrow, and Feng Guozhang called the president's chief butler, Director Ouyang Zhong, and asked the president if he had time, and he wanted to see the president. Ouyang Zhong said that if it is a matter of going to Germany for a military delegation, the president already has very clear instructions, and there is no need to meet with him, so I wish you a smooth journey.
"Chief of Staff Cheng, it's time to enter the station." Colonel Guan Wenjie of the General Staff Mobilization Department reminded.
Cheng Jianguo stood up, picked up his black suitcase and followed You Huisheng towards the entrance of the station. Accustomed to the life of having an entourage to follow, Cheng Jianguo is a little unaccustomed to carrying his own luggage. (To be continued......)