In 1215, King John of England was forced to sign the Magna Carta of Liberty, which limited the power of the feudal monarch for the first time in history and later became the legal cornerstone of the English constitutional monarchy. Later, the Oxford Statute in 1258 and the "Model Parliament" in 1295 became the boundary marker from the origin to the formation of the English parliamentary system. After 1325, the era of parliaments without plebeian representatives finally came to an end. After more than 100 years of long years, the British Parliament has finally completed the process of germination, emergence and formation.

It was not until the mid-17th century, with the development of the English economy, that a new class emerged, and they demanded to participate in the country's affairs. They used Parliament as a position to oppose royal power, and after the "Glorious Revolution" of 1688, the English political system transitioned from a monarchy to a constitutional monarchy.

From only protecting the political and economic rights and interests of the feudal aristocracy, to the representation of commoners in Parliament, to the formation of the bicameral system, it took more than 400 years for Britain to establish a constitutional monarchy. What about Zhu Yongxing, how many years is he going to use to form a similar political system and end the feudal imperial system in which one person determines the well-being of the world?

In 50 years, there must be at least a prototype, there must be a constitutional text, there must be provisions restricting the power of the feudal monarch, and a mechanism for collective decision-making must be formed. This is the schedule that Zhu Yongxing set for himself, very tight, very tight. But he also has a fairly favorable condition, that is, without getting dizzy, such a reform will be promoted by him, and it will be willing.

And the British parliamentary system, after several iterations and struggles, the British king is doing everything possible to destroy it, and he is trying his best to take back his supreme power. In this tortuous process, there is bloodshed, sacrifice, war, and intrigues. In short, it took a lot of time.

As for the stage of the aristocratic council, it is unlikely that there will be zài in China, and there is no need to save zài. What about the commoners, the merchant groups that grew up in the war, the traditional gentry class, the retired meritorious soldiers. Factory owners, can be counted. Peasants, because of the limitations of their level of knowledge, may be the last social class to enter the parliament.

It doesn't require perfection from the start, it should be a long-term and continuous improvement process. Zhu Yongxing will not let go of too much power at the beginning, not because he is reluctant, but because no one will do better than him.

Self-confidence, a traverser's unique quality. Not to mention the current Zhu Yongxing, even if he crosses over into a beggar. It must also change the world, who has to step on whom, and there are groups of beautiful women......

"No citizen of the Ming Dynasty shall be imprisoned, confiscated of property, deprived of the protection of the law, exiled, or subjected to any other prejudicial ...... without the rule of national law."

The first step to a country governed by the rule of law? Zhu Yongxing carefully examined it for a long time, slowly picked up the jade seal, and solemnly covered it.

Zha Rulong, the head of the Prime Minister's Office, opened his mouth and smiled bitterly a little helplessly. He bowed down and accepted the edict with great respect.

Blackton, a pioneer of English jurisprudence in the thirteenth century, wrote decades after the establishment of the Magna Carta: "The king cannot submit to his subjects, but must obey God and the law: for it is the law that makes the king." ”

Right now. Zhu Yongxing did not have to obey God, but this paper edict formed a theoretical basis for "the king is under the law" in writing, so that the Ming Dynasty really moved towards a "society ruled by law".

When it comes to a society governed by the rule of law, it is necessary to define it strictly. The rule of law in the ancient Chinese school of Legalism is based on the power of the monarch. It is very different from the modern rule of law, which is based on human rights. The first is that everyone is equal before the law, and the second is that the monarch and the government do not rule according to the law but according to their own will.

In addition, the rule of law is inseparable from the cultivation of government. On the contrary, the law produces toxins and becomes a cruel tool for persecuting good and law-abiding people, resulting in tyranny and official coercion against the people.

Therefore, the essence of the rule of law lies in the government's compliance with the law, that is, the rule of law in a narrow sense. The law-abiding government aims to prevent arbitrariness of power, and to provide effective guidance for people's behavior through open and stable rules, thereby providing certainty and predictability in life, enabling people to rationally arrange and plan their own lives and achieve autonomy under the law. Therefore, in Zhu Yongxing's view, the rule of law is similar to honesty, and the government's failure to abide by the law is similar to deception, which violates the original expectations of citizens to abide by the law.

"It's just that I don't have the power to kill and kill, and I'm not a person who kills indiscriminately, so there's no need to be a pity." Zhu Yongxing let out a long breath, pointed to the bench next to him and motioned for Zha Rulong to sit down, and said in a deep voice: "The more the national law is reached, the more important the role of the rule of law in national governance. This has not only intrinsic value, but also extrinsic utility. With the help of abundant laws, effective implementation and adjudication in accordance with the law will promote the stability and prosperity of economic exchanges, resolve a large number of social disputes and contradictions, and maintain social stability and basic fairness and justice. ”

"Long live the intelligent, knowledgeable, and far-sighted ......"

"But I'm not well versed in the law." Zhu Yongxing smiled and waved his hand, "Do you bow down to judge the case?" I'm not going to be embarrassed. As he spoke, his face calmed down, and he said in a deep voice: "From a small point of view, the rule of law can maintain social stability; In a big way, it can promote the rise and prosperity of the country, and even ensure that there will be no large-scale political turmoil for hundreds of years. ”

Zha Rulong seems to understand whether he understands or not, although he also knows that since ancient times, it has been said that "the prince is guilty of the same crime as the common people", but this is just a statement, and there are really any special examples. As for the role that the rule of law can play, he sounds a little hanging, not a little hanging, but he doesn't quite believe that it will have such a big effect.

In fact, Zhu Yongxing is not excessive, in the context of large-scale commercial exchange and industrial manufacturing, the rule of law has indeed played a great role in the development of the United Kingdom. With the rule of law as the core of governance, Britain has not experienced large-scale political turmoil for hundreds of years, which has promoted the rise of the United Kingdom.

In the first year of Zhaowu, under the holy decree, perhaps not too many people would think about "the king is under the law", but thought that this was to make up for the maladministration of the previous dynasty, such as Jinyiwei, Dongchang, Xichang and other perverse crimes; Or it is to reassure the Ming officials and generals with complex sources, so that they don't have to worry too much about the imperial court will settle the score.

It doesn't matter if there is a deviation in understanding, after all, people are still in a feudal society, and they are still rejoicing in the prosperity of the country and the wisdom of the monarch, and no one will think too far, let alone think about what will happen decades or even hundreds of years later.

Time, and only time can make people deeply understand the deep meaning, and only by truly implementing it can people know that the times are completely different. (To be continued!)

Tips: The new domain name "biquge.info" has been launched by Biquge, and the original domain name is about to be discontinued. Please tell each other, thank you!