PS: Thank you Prince Charming for the wonderful comments of the two brothers, Prince Charming and Yongchan! Thank you to the cavalry, Prince Charming, as long as the virgin monthly pass and blessings!

Seeing Xuan Ye holding those two books as if he had obtained a treasure and were like a divine object, Kong Sizhen smiled with satisfaction.

"Xuan Ye, do you know Lord Sun Yuanhua Sun Chuyang?"

"My ......" is holding the book, Hongyi can't wait to invent "Du Niang" now!

"This Sun Yuanhua is the imperial history of the right capital of the former Ming Dynasty, the governor of the two states of Jiandeng and Lai, and he was also the ...... of my father's father" Kong Sizhen didn't mind Hongyi's embarrassment, and told himself.

It turned out that these two books were written by Sun Yuanhua of the former Ming Dynasty.

Sun Yuanhua, the word Chuyang, the number Huodong, tomorrow Qijian will raise people. In the ninth year of Wanli (1581), Sun Yuanhua was born in Hejia Lane, Gaoqiao, Jiading County, and later moved to Jiading County. He was "gifted and curious", and once went to the Xu Guangqi School in Shanghai County to be employed. In the 40th year of Wanli of the Ming Dynasty (1612), after being promoted to the middle school, because he followed Xu Guangqi to learn firearms and mathematics, he was only enthusiastic about Western studies and failed to continue to be admitted to the Jinshi, so he gave up his fame in the imperial examination and devoted himself to studying Western studies. After Xu Guangqi became a Catholic, he confirmed that Catholicism could "nourish the king, influence Confucianism, and save Buddhism", and was baptized in Beijing in the first year of the Apocalypse (1621), that is, he invited foreign priests to his hometown Jiading to establish a church, thus making Jiading one of the centers of Catholic activities in China.

"It turns out that Sun Yuanhua has already converted to Tang Lao Mafa's foreign religion?" Hearing this, Hongyi couldn't help but interject.

"Exactly, Hongyi don't ask me how I know. I'll tell you what happened. Kong Sizhen nodded, but didn't want to explain more. Hongyi had no choice but to continue to listen patiently:

In the second year of the Apocalypse (1622), the defense of Liao Province was tight, and Sun Yuanhua presented two policies to the imperial court, namely "Preparing for Beijing" and "Defending the Border", which were valued by the imperial court. Sun Chengzong, the secretary of the Ministry of War, served as the Jiliao Jingluo, and used Sun Yuanhua to build Taiwan to make artillery, build Ningyuan City, and Sun was in charge of his business. Later, Hou Zhenyang sponsored him to join the army in Liaodong, and cooperated with Yuan Chonghuan to garrison Ningyuan, which was of great help to Yuan Chonghuan and others. Yuan Chonghuan is known as "the two essences of wisdom and wisdom". Next year. Sun Zhu Yuan Chonghuan guarded Ningyuan, and in the sixth year of the Apocalypse, Nurhachi led an army of 60,000 and claimed to be 200,000, attacking Ningyuan. A total of eleven cannons were arranged at the head of the Ming army. It's amazingly powerful. Nurha was seriously injured and died of illness seven months later, known in history as the "Great Victory of Ningyuan". Facts have proved that "building a platform and making artillery" is the best strategy to resist gold. Because of the traitor Wei Zhongxian's dictatorship. Yuan Chonghuan was forced to retire, and Sun Yuanhua was also dismissed and returned to his hometown.

In the first year of Chongzhen (1628), Chongzhen took over the throne, killed Wei Zhongxian, Yuan Chonghuan made a comeback, and asked Sun Yuanhua to praise the military affairs of Liao Province by name. In the second year, Jin Bing directly invaded Beijing, and the suspicious Chongzhen fell for Huang Taiji's counter-plot and unjustly killed Yuan Chonghuan. In the predicament of isolation inside and outside the Guan, Sun Yuanhua united the soldiers and with the help of Western artillery, the eight cities and twenty-four forts stationed in the garrison stood still. Sun Yuanhua advocated taking Quang Ninh as the frontier of the anti-Jin resistance and gradually moving forward. The Ming court, however, did not adopt its correct proposition. In January of the third year of Chongzhen, Sun Yuanhua followed Sun Chengzong to guard the Shanhaiguan, and in March, he was added as the deputy envoy of Shandong, and in May, Liang Tingdong, the secretary of the Ministry of War, recommended Sun Yuanhua to ascend to the rank of governor of Lai Erzhou. Sun Yuanhua recruited Western scholars in Dengzhou, boldly recruited Western scholars, and formed a "Western team" with 27 Europeans, making Dengzhou a "fortress of Western learning in the east".

"Western mercenaries?" Again, Hongyi couldn't help but interrupt Kong Sizhen's narration, and this time, the girl just nodded, didn't even answer, and continued her memories:

Later, Yuan Chonghuan killed Mao Wenlong, the old generals of Phi Dao mutinied, and Sun Yuanhua used his knowledge and received the old generals of Phi Dao, including Kong Sizhen's father Kong Youde, and later Geng Zhongming, Li Jiucheng, the king of Jingnan. Kong Youde was appointed cavalry general, and Geng Zhongming was sent to the Dengzhou fortress.

"It turns out that the main character, your father, appeared later! No wonder the front is not allowed to interject, because the good show is behind! Hongyi learned to be obedient this time, and only muttered in his heart. Kong Sizhen didn't know about Lord Bellor's belly, and was still immersed in the memories of the past.

In August of the fourth year of Chongzhen (1631), Emperor Taizong Taiji led the Qing army to attack Daling River (now Jinxian County, Liaoning), and Zu Dashou besieged the city, and the grain was exhausted. Sun Yuanhua was ordered to send troops to help. When Sun Yuanhua patrolled Dengzhou, more than 100,000 Liao people avoided the war and lived in Shandong, Sun thought that the Liao people could be used, reused a group of Liao generals, and now went to aid Liao Province, Sun Yuanhua urgently ordered Kong Youde to copy the back road of the rebels in Jianzhou by sea - Yaozhou (near Yingkou today). But in the face of wind and waves, it was unsuccessful. Sun Yuanhua was furious and ordered Kong to lead 800 horsemen to rush to the front line by land for reinforcements.

However, when Kong Youde arrived in Wuqiao (now Wuqiao County, Cangzhou City, Hebei Province, which belonged to Shandong at that time), due to heavy rain and spring snow, the troops were not well supplied, and when the troops arrived in Wuqiao, there were repeated frictions with the Shandong people, and the county people closed their doors to strike the market. A soldier forcibly took a native chicken from the family of Wang Xiangchun, a cadre of the Donglin Party in Shandong, but the soldier was "pierced through the arrow camp" by the evil slave. So the other soldiers under Kong Youde killed the servant. Afterwards, Wang Xiangchun's son refused to give up and demanded to find out the truth. At this time, Li Jiucheng, who had spent all the money [1] given by Sun Yuanhua, happened to return, and he was afraid of being criticized, so he took the opportunity to incite everyone to rob their homes and houses. Kong Youde was instigated by Li Yingyuan, the son of Li Jiucheng, and had no choice but to launch a rebellion against the Ming Dynasty in Wuqiao, which is known as the "Wuqiao Mutiny" in history.

Kong Youde defected and returned to the Shandong Peninsula, captured the cities of Linyi, Lingxian, Shanghe, and Qingcheng, and led his troops straight to Dengzhou. Sun Yuanhua urgently ordered Zhang Tao to lead the Liao troops to guard the outside of Dengzhou City, and Zhang Ke, the posthumous commander-in-chief, sent troops to resist, and formed a combined attack with two roads. However, Zhang Tao's department and Kong Youde's old acquaintance, Zhang Tao's soldiers immediately joined Kong Youde's ranks, and Zhang Keda's department was defeated. Geng Zhongming, Chen Guangfu and others of the Dengzhou Chinese army, who were old friends with Kong Youde, immediately raised fire to open the door, and Dengzhou fell in January of the fifth year of Chongzhen (1632), capturing 6,000 defenders, 1,000 reinforcements, 3,000 horses, 100,000 taels of silver, more than 20 Hongyi cannons, and 300 Western cannons. After the chief soldier Zhang Keda beheaded his concubine Chen, he hanged himself, and Sun Yuanhua failed to commit suicide, and he did not compromise with Kong Youde. The Portuguese in the city have Teixeira. Correa and his Portuguese gunners, Silaojing, Ruviliu, Frang Aranda, Fonsgo, Ehongliu, Gongsa, Ani, Amier, Saza, Amdo, Ujowang, and Petero, were killed in battle, and fifteen others were seriously wounded. But no one surrendered, and only three people escaped.

"Western mercenaries are so loyal? It's a pity! When Hongyi heard this, he finally couldn't help but comment, but found that it was inappropriate. Because if the "Western mercenaries" who died under Kong Youde can be regarded as "loyal martyrs", wouldn't it confirm Kong Youde's crime of "rebellion"? The storyteller is Kong Youde's daughter!

Hongyi hurriedly raised his eyes to carefully check Kong Sizhen's expression, but unexpectedly, his "aunt" was also there and nodded yes, and said:

"In fact, in the Ming Dynasty, he was always wary of Westerners, and he held a knife on the 'prancing horse. The western soldiers who bent their bows and aimed at China's were even more suspicious. Even hostility. In fact, it is not a bad thing to use Western artillery to recruit Western soldiers. Today we are talking only about military affairs, and nothing else. In fact. Battle of Ningyuan. The role of Western artillery is obvious to all. ”

Hony was shocked again! What a "joyful" concept this is. Isn't that a big step ahead? Coupled with Zuihou's evaluation of the role of artillery in the Battle of Ningyuan, Hongyi, as the prince of the Qing Dynasty, was a little at a loss.

"What my aunt said is reasonable......" only used such a sentence to get by.

"Did I tell you, just the two of us. Call me sister. Kong Sizhen did not rush to tell the story this time, but patiently corrected the generational relationship between the two.

"Oh, sister......" Hongyi was a little helpless, so he had to be a good brother for the time being.

Kong Sizhen got her wish, so she continued:

Kong Youde remembered the old and released Sun Yuanhua and Zhang Tao and a group of captured people. Sun Yuanhua and Zhang Tao returned to Beijing, and were framed by Li Mengchen in the political enemy Shaanxi Provincial Trial History and Military Division, Sun Yuanhua was sent to the Zhenfu Division, tortured in prison, and tortured five times, and more than 200 Jiaqiong. Shoufu Zhou Yanru wanted to avoid his capital crime and asked Xu Guangqi for help, but it was irreparable. On the 23rd day of the seventh month of the fifth year of Chongzhen (September 7, 1632), Sun Yuanhua and Zhang Tao were executed. Even John Tang, who served in the Ming court at that time, disguised himself as a charcoal worker to visit him in prison before Sun Yuanhua's death, and confessed to him as a Zuihou believer.

"Oh? Does Tang Lao Marfa know this person? Hongyi interjected again.

"Hmm......" Kong Sizhen wanted to speak and stopped, a little embarrassed. Hongyi could see it clearly, recalling that Tang Ruowang was summoned to Cining Palace several times to visit the Empress Dowager, and when he and Kong Sizhen were there, he did find that this young girl had some special interests in Tang Ruowang, and always asked some questions about Catholicism and Western technology. At the time, I thought it was a girl's curiosity, but now it looks like it is related to Sun Yuanhua.

"Alas, it's a pity, people who are so good at using artillery ......" Hongyi had to change the topic again and make an objective evaluation, but he suddenly stopped halfway through his words.

"Hehe, I also know if Xuan Ye doesn't talk about it, but if someone who is so good at using cannons, if he doesn't die, what should he do if he uses it to deal with our Daqing? Isn't it? Kong Sizhen asked with a smile.

"This ......"

"Okay, you go ahead and listen to me." ——

When Kong Youde invaded Dengzhou City, he was afraid that Sun Yuanhua would commit suicide and martyrdom, after all, he was a kind person. So the horse rushed into Sun's mansion, and sure enough, he saved Sun Yuanhua, who was about to kill himself. Later, the two had a long talk, Kong Youde said that he was helpless, and Sun Yuanhua said that he was sad and angry, which had the meaning of "laughing and hating". Later, Kong Youde let Sun Yuanhua return to the imperial court, and Sun Yuanhua also said that he had a premonition that he would not return, so he gave Kong Youde the integration of Western military science and these two military books that he had learned all his life [the others were only burned in the city, but it was a pity]. Later, Kong Youde defected to the Qing Dynasty, relying on dozens of Western artillery pieces cast by Sun Yuanhua in Dengzhou, as well as the gunners under his command who were trained by those Portuguese mercenaries to become an army, and sought the position of "First Han King" under Huang Taiji. These two military books are also regarded as treasures by Kong Youde, and they are always with them when they march and fight, and they are often read by them.

"Oh!" Hongyi responded with a sigh, no wonder this book looks very old!

Later, until the city of Guilin was broken by Li Dingguo, when he was leaving, Kong Youde handed over the military book to the older Kong Sizhen, and reminded: "The essence of this book lies in the art of artillery aiming, and outsiders should not be despised by it!" [2]”

"Huh? In this case, Xuan Ye must not play with this book! Hearing this, Hongyi hurriedly respectfully put down the book he had been holding in his hand.

"Xuan Ye, my sister can trust you, since you promised to save my brother, you are just like my own brother, and you are not an outsider!" Kong Sizhen simply rewrapped the two books together and pushed them in front of Hongyi.

"Besides. This book must be a book that values and understands artillery, so that it can be cherished like my father. Xuan Ye, you Mulan is playing the army, and the use of firearms is like divine help, I have heard what the Queen Mother said, which shows that you are the one who is destined to have this book! ”

Kong Sizhen paused for a moment, and then said:

"Besides, Tomafa also has great respect for you, perhaps, you are the saint that his God said is alive, and I can rest assured that you are here!"

"I ......"

"Xuan Ye doesn't need to say much, the secret of heaven must not be revealed. You said. I probably won't understand. But, I believe in you, you will be able to fulfill my father's unfinished legacy......"

When these words came out, Hongyi could no longer shirk it.

*

*

At the time of parting. Kong Sizhen was reluctant to send it to the gate of the palace. Only then did he say to Hongyi: "Xuanye." I wait for your good news! ”

"Well, wait for me!"

[1] Shima Qian originally referred to the "tea and horse trade official system" prevailing in the Song and Ming dynasties. Tea is used to exchange horses (often horses are cheap and tea is expensive, so as to earn the difference in price from the feudal slaves), which refers to the military expenses used to purchase materials for marching and fighting. [Welcome book friends to correct]

[2] Allow me to introduce this book, which I think is very important, the "Western Law Divine Machine" was written five years before the Chongzhen Dynasty (1632 AD), the original manuscript was lost in the war, and the existing ancient herb Tang book (see Figure 17) printed in the first year of the Kangxi reign of the Qing Dynasty (1662 AD) according to its copy, divided into two volumes, about 30,000 words, 19 pictures. The book contains more than 30 recipes for firing gunpowder; The method of designing other parts based on the size of the caliber of the gun and multiples of a certain ratio is described. The requirements for the weight of the ammunition and the amount of charge to be in a certain proportion with the caliber of the gun were proposed; a new type of siege artillery carriage was created; A variety of convex turrets were designed to facilitate the use of firepower advantages.

"The Divine Machine of Western Law" and "The Complete Book of Jingwu" are the earliest military works in China to introduce Western firearms and tactics, but unfortunately they failed to attract the attention of the imperial court, and the artillery was developed according to law, and the imperial court also unjustly killed this unique Western scholar. After the grandson, no one knows how to learn artillery, let alone write a book. If Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty wanted to build cannons, he had to rely on foreigners. Nan Huairen, a missionary who helped Kangxi make cannons, wrote the cannon-making book "Shenwu Tushuo", which was forty or fifty years later than Sun Yuanhua.

"The Divine Machine of Western Law" comprehensively reflects Sun Yuanhua's thoughts on firearms design. He believes that in the development of firearms, it is necessary to be rational and intellectual, to "deduce the wonders of physics," and to conform to the characteristics of things, so that they can be made into suitable finished products. After a series of test firing on the relationship between the firing range and the firing angle of the artillery, it was pointed out that if the firing of the artillery is calculated from the direct firing position of the flat firing position, that is, zero degrees, the firing range gradually becomes farther away with the increase of the elevation angle, and after the angle exceeds 45 degrees, the firing range gradually becomes closer. In addition, Sun Yuanhua believed through research that the cannonball did not fly in a straight line after being ejected from the barrel, but "used its straight potential and its curved potential; More than half of the curve, you can't kill people." It means that when the shell flies in the air, it not only flies forward in a straight line, but also falls under the gravitational pull of the earth, and synthesizes a curved trajectory, and after passing the apex of the curve, the speed slows down, the kinetic energy decreases, and the lethality is weakened, and the zuihou velocity is zero, and the lethality disappears. Although his discussion of parabola is not as thorough as Galieo Galilei's (1564-1642 AD) discussion, it is not far from it, and it is a major breakthrough in the theory of ballistics in ancient China. In his "Diagram of the Guntai", he made a preliminary exposition of the reasons for the strong vibration after the launch of large artillery: when firing artillery, "the gas is outlet, the air is excited, and the movement of the qi is also the fastest, so the valley is answered (that is, echo), and the one that is close and cracked can line up the wall and shake the stone." This is a simple explanation of the phenomenon of shock waves that occur after the firing of large artillery shells, and it is also a big step forward.

However, the book's shortcomings are also obvious. Xu Guangqi, Li Zhizao and others saw the excellence of Western military science, and translated a large number of Western books into Chinese. In this way, Western ballistics also spread to China. So during this period, there were books such as Sun Yuanhua's "West Law Divine Machine" about the artillery aiming at Jishu at that time. But it is a pity that the war situation and the world situation faced by the late Ming Dynasty are very chaotic and embarrassing, and the new military science has to be applied to the war immediately, so even the person in charge of the translation cannot quickly digest all the series of books in a short time. In addition, when translating Western units, the original Chinese nouns were copied, and the European countries of that period did not have unified measurement standards. As a result, there was a great deal of confusion in the unit. Just like in the Ming Dynasty, one step was five feet, which was about 156cm, and the circumference was defined as 365.25 degrees. This is a far cry from the definition stated in books such as "The Divine Machine of Western Magic". Another example is when loading ammunition, translating "pound" into "catty". At that time, the 597 grams of "jin" used in China was less than a kilogram ≈. If you fill too much gunpowder, there is a danger of exploding! However, in any case, from "West Law Divine Machine" and "Fire Attack Essentials", we can see the understanding of gun ballistics in the late Ming Dynasty. It is a pity that the Ming Dynasty has not yet completed the integration of the East and the West, and then perished, although the Qing Dynasty, which inherited the Ming Dynasty's military science, still wanted to make improvements in military science in its early days, but with the pacification of all parties in China, the Qing court immediately set its own limits and no longer paid attention to the development of military science. As a result, the efforts of the late Ming Dynasty were finally in vain after the Kangxi period, and the efforts of the Ming scholars were wasted in exchange for the humiliation of China's nearly 100 years of oppression from the West. (To be continued......)