Chapter 725: Institutional Reform

Chen Xie's departure from the cabinet was also the result of a compromise negotiated with civilian officials. During his tenure, in addition to enacting laws and promoting reforms, Chen Xie also promoted legislation to establish overseas territories such as Java, Borneo, Australia, and Hawaii as part of the Ming Dynasty. At the end of his term, Chen Xie will leave Daming and assume the post of overseas president of the Ming Federation. In fact, Chen Xie's status as an overseas founding country was established, and the overseas federation would be established in the form of a constitution, and its territory would always be part of the Ming Dynasty. In essence, the Overseas Confederation is a member country of the Ming Dynasty.

This strong signal reassured the civilian clique of the Ming Dynasty, and the news was not a private verbal agreement, but made public. If this is not at ease, then there is no basis for cooperation. Based on Chen Xie's armed forces, he controlled the emperor and then the entire country. Achieving the goal of peaceful reform is the result that Chen Xie wants, and it is also a result that can be accepted by civilian officials. Standing in the power of the emperor and mastering the big killer weapon of the Independent Commission Against Corruption, it is not all lost, so I can reluctantly accept it.

In the autumn of the sixth year of Jianxin, Daming entered a new era. The biggest feature of this new era is that it retains the imperial power and establishes the legitimacy of the imperial power in the form of a constitution, instead of the "Fengtian carrier" of the past. As a characteristic constitutional variant, the Ming retained the privileges already corresponded to by the aristocratic class. Speaking of privilege, it is inevitable under any system, let alone in Daming.

{The new era essentially divided the entire Ming people into two classes, and the composition of the ruling class was composed of the traditional royal family, nobles, civil bureaucracy, gentry, and emerging capitalists, and the rest were all "people."} The only thing the two classes have in common is in the tax laws. Even if it is the emperor's property, you have to pay taxes, which is too awesome. I don't have a temper at all for the whole Daming. See? Emperors have to pay taxes, you're a ball.

That's what you want! Real privilege is hidden beneath the letter of the law. The right to stand for election and the right to vote for members of the National Assembly is stipulated in the form of a law, and only those who pay taxes of not less than 50 silver yuan per year are eligible to vote, and those who are candidates pay taxes of not less than 300 silver yuan per year. When these two items come out, the idea of how many people participate in politics is broken. The second is another channel. is the imperial examination of civil servants, you have to be a scholar, and you have to mix up in the actual work to be qualified to continue your career.

If you want to devote yourself to politics, you can only choose one of these two paths, either you have money and speak with paying taxes, or you are a scholar + hard work and speak with ability. Although the government still has the right to appoint and dismiss officials. The Ministry of Officials is still a hot and hot yamen, but this is no longer the case, and during the tenure of any official, the local council will submit a report to comprehensively evaluate the official's achievements. This report has a great impact on the future of officials. This is the weapon of mass murder in the hands of the council! At best, it is called supervising the government, and if it is bad, it is called asking officials for trouble with a microscope.

Once rights and obligations have been established, the next step is to reform government institutions. The first to reform was the Ministry of Rites. In the past, the Ministry of Rites was too chaotic, and the beard and eyebrows were grabbed. Responsibilities are unclear. The first thing to bear the brunt of the reform was the Ministry of Rites, which first retained the title of the Ministry of Rites, but its functions became very simple, and it was in charge of some ceremonial matters. Rituals such as sacrifices and sacrifices to the heavens are under the control of the Ministry of Rites. The other departments can only be separated, and the Ministry of Management and Education will be added. The second sector to be reformed is the Penal Department. It was divided into the Public Prosecutor's Department and the Police Department. One is responsible for investigating the case, and the other is responsible for reviewing and approving arrests. The Ministry of Industry was divided into the Ministry of Industry, the Ministry of Science and Technology (Ministry of Science and Technology), the Ministry of Water Resources, and originally planned to have a Ministry of Geology in the city, but as a result, the land and mines were all privately owned, and even if they were public, they would eventually be developed by private individuals. There is no need for such an extra department to waste public money. The Duchayuan and Dali Temple were abolished, and the departments were incorporated into the Propaganda Department directly under the emperor, which was an important weight for Zhu Cihong to fight for himself. With this department in hand, in the future, the establishment of a newspaper will have to be approved by the propaganda department, not to mention, you will have to pay a management fee. In this department, or is it supported by the state's money, the imperial power can't fall into nothing, right? For this matter, Chen Xie didn't insist, he just gave it to him if he wanted it. Anyway, in the future, it will be necessary to build a new government to compete with the emperor, and Chen Xie will not stay long, and he will have to flash in five years. In one is Dali Temple, it has been directly canceled, the trial of cases will be the affairs of the court in the future, the filing and investigation of cases will be the affairs of the police, and the approval, arrest, and search warrants will be the affairs of the procuratorate. At the same time, there are six departments that have been abolished, and this thing is for the emperor to grasp power as an assistant, and it can also be canceled. However, this department is not really abolished, but it has been remodeled and appeared in the name of the Cabinet Secretariat, and to put it bluntly, it is a secretary for the cabinet boss. In the past, it was just a matter of giving the emperor a hand and changing the owner.

The Ministry of Officials has not changed much, not even the name has changed, what has changed is the internal functions and structure, and it is necessary to streamline the personnel of a certain process, and under the new system, the Ministry of Officials will not need so many people. According to the reports of local councils and local officials, people are sent to verify and assign official seats above the county level. This right will not be let go of the upper and lower levels of the dead officials.

The reform of the Ministry of War was the most tragic, more than eighty percent of the civilian officials were kicked out of this system, the name of the Ministry of War was abolished, and the General Staff, the Ministry of the Navy, and the Ministry of War were directly set up. Any transfer, appointment and dismissal at the division level (major general) and above must be approved by the General Staff Headquarters. The transfer of one soldier and one soldier must be signed by a staff officer before it can be carried out.

The reform of the household department is put last, and it is really not good for this department to move too early, otherwise all kinds of things cannot be allocated normally, and they will have to be chaotic. This department has done the most things, first of all, to add a Ministry of Finance, from which all the funds allocated by the military and political departments will come from. Secondly, a statistical bureau was added, which used various numbers to speak and audited accounts part-time. If the Independent Commission Against Corruption wants to check the accounts, it has to ask them to cooperate. Finally, it is a division of the Ministry of Taxation and the Ministry of Land. One of these two ministries is responsible for collecting taxes and the other is responsible for managing the country's land resources. The four departments that are divided, don't look at the Ministry of Finance. The real bull fork is actually the tax department, all the personnel are elite, not to mention, the salary is higher than other departments. Why is this arranged, because this is the source of everyone's money bags? Chen Xie is not very concerned about the reform of other departments, but he is staring at every detail of the establishment of the tax department. Striving to build this department into a ghost, it is a person who is found to have evaded taxes, and he has to make him hate his parents and give birth to him. Oil and water have to be squeezed out of the stones, and the tax law is so detailed that people's scalps are numb when they look at it. The penalty for tax evasion must ruin the fortune of those who dare to do so. The most bullish thing is that the Ministry of Taxation is armed, and after the Shipping Department was renamed Customs, the following detective teams are all under the control of the Ministry of Taxation. Taxation departments at all levels have also set up detective teams to dare to violently resist taxes and resolutely suppress them with armed force.

After the reform of the six ministries, there is one more bullish department that has not been touched, and this department is the Hanlin Academy. In the past, it was dedicated to the emperor's secretary, and later bachelors came out of here. Now this Hanlin Academy has become an institution like the "Central Party School", which is usually an idle department, revising history and compiling books. If you don't stay in this department, you won't be qualified to hold a position above the rank of squire, let alone enter the cabinet. All in all, this is the cradle of the Cabinet.

The reform process of the Beijing division is very complicated, and when the six departments are reformed and the new departments are erected, when the personnel are filled in, the officials will become a spinning top, and they are the busiest, but the most hilarious are also the officials. After the cancellation, a large number of people in Nanjing were ready to move, and they found the motivation to love and dedicate themselves to their jobs again.

This time the institutional reform lasted for a whole year, and the main responsibility was the current cabinet, and Chen Xie just took a brief look, focusing on the reform of the Ministry of War and the construction of the Ministry of Taxation. The extra positions of Shangshu and Shilang became a feast.

The new cabinet finalized the model of the cabinet after the completion of the reform of the various departments. In the past, it was the court that produced the cabinet, but now it is not like that. All those who meet the requirements of the cabinet can run for the post of prime minister. Where to choose? In Congress! What to choose? Policy Address! You have to be the prime minister, the qualifications are enough, no problem, you go to the parliament to register for the record, and then you go to influence the members of parliament to support you to vote. As long as you have a 30% approval rating for your policy address, you will be able to move on to the next round of elections. The election is divided into two rounds, and whether or not you can be elected depends on the results of the vote in the lower house, but half of them will be re-elected.

went around in a big circle, and finally everyone found out that Congress was the boss. Although Speaker Chen Xie seems to be out of the cabinet, if you want to be prime minister, you have to look up at his honor. Even if the civilian-bureaucratic clique is dissatisfied, it will not dare to speak out. Because quite simply, the composition of the members of Congress is too murderous. The traditional nobles have this right, and their mouths are cracked with laughter, do you want to take it away? Isn't that going to be a game with you? The members of the lower house are even more murderous, they are all heroes who have been killed from the grassroots councils, and money is the most basic condition, and popular popularity is the second foundation. These members of Congress, any one of them, are the masters of the earthquake when they stomp their feet in their respective provinces. Not to mention the new capitalists, who belong to the bloodthirsty species. How else to say that capital has blood and filth in every pore from the day it was born? The capitalists had to have good things, and the world would have entered communism peacefully.

After being elected prime minister, a cabinet is formed. At this time, the prime minister was in charge, except for the Independent Commission Against Corruption and the Propaganda Department, which were directly under the emperor, and the heads of the rest of the departments were appointed by the prime minister from among qualified people. This is the most attractive thing about the prime minister, the power is too great. One prime minister, and the secretaries of the other ministries automatically join the cabinet after taking office, which is the new form of cabinet composition.

The power given to the Prime Minister by the Constitution is great (to be continued...... R1292