Chronology of the peasant uprisings of the Song Dynasty

In March 965 (the third year of Song Taizu Qiande), the soldiers of Mianzhou revolted and promoted the whole division as the leader. Sixteen states including Qiong and Shu responded. In April, Wang Ke of Suizhou Dental School gathered the people of the state to revolt.

In 966 (the fourth year of Qiande), the peasants of Langzhou revolted and besieged the state city. The peasants of Yuzhou, led by Du Chengbao, launched an uprising and captured the state capital.

In 973 (the sixth year of Kaibao), 10,000 peasants in Quzhou revolted under the leadership of Li Xian and invaded Pengzhou.

In 981 (the sixth year of Taizong's Taiping rejuvenation), Mianzhou Wang Xi and other ten people organized a peasant uprising.

In February 993 (the fourth year of Chunhua), about 100 peasants in Qingcheng County, Yongkang Army, revolted under the leadership of Wang Xiaobo, and put forward the idea of "equal wealth and poverty". The rebel army captured Qingcheng, and then hit Pengshan, growing to more than 10,000 people. In December, the rebel army fought a fierce battle with the Song army at Gangwon and won. Wang Xiaobo was wounded and died. Li Shun led the rebellious peasants, victoriously captured Shuzhou and Qiongzhou, transferred the property and grain of the big landlords, and distributed it to the local poor, and the rebel army grew to tens of thousands.

In the first month of 994 cars (Chunhua five years), Li Shun's rebel army captured Chengdu, and the founding name of Dashu and the establishment of the year should be shipped. The peasant army moved to the north and south, growing to hundreds of thousands. The peasant army attacked Jianzhou and Zizhou, but not down. In May, the Song army entered Chengdu. Li Shun died in battle. 30,000 peasant troops were killed in battle. The peasant army continued to fight under the leadership of Zhang Yu, Wu Yun and others. Capture Jiazhou and march to Dongchuan. In November, Wu Yun was killed in Meizhou.

In February 995, 995 (the first year of Dao), Zhang Yu was arrested and died in Jiazhou. The uprising failed.

In May 996 (the second year of Zhidao), Wang Cormorant led the rebel army to attack Qiong and Shu, but failed. In the first month of 1000 (the third year of Zhenzong Xianping), the soldiers of Yizhou (Chengdu) revolted under the leadership of Zhao Yanshun and captured the state city. The rebel army pushed the kings to be the leaders, established the Great Shu Kingdom, and established the era of Shun. Peasant uprisings in Pengzhou and other places responded. The rebel army grew to tens of thousands. In September, Chengdu was lost. In October, Wang Jun led the rebel army to defend Fushun. The rebel army was defeated, and Wang Jun committed suicide.

In 1005 (the second year of Jingde), more than 100 people including the fugitive soldier Wang Changshou revolted and attacked Chenliu, which grew to more than 5,000 people. The rebel army was suppressed by the Song army at Yucheng.

In June 1007 (the fourth year of Jingde), Yizhou soldiers revolted under the leadership of Chen Jin. The rebel army captured Liuzhou and was defeated in Wuxian County, Xiangzhou. More than 60 uprising leaders, including Chen Jin, were arrested and killed.

In May 1043 (the third year of Renzong's Qingli), more than 100 Yizhou soldiers launched an uprising under the leadership of Wang Lun and occupied Yizhou City. The rebel army continued to develop victoriously, crossed the Huaishui, captured Chu, Zhen, Yang, Tai, Chu and other prefectures, and reached Hezhou. In July, Wang Lun was defeated in Hezhou and was killed and killed. In August, more than 1,000 peasants from Shangzhou, Shaanxi Province, revolted under the leadership of Zhang Hai, Guo Miaoshan, Dang Junzi, Fan San, and Li Zong. Farmers from all over Jingxi Road responded. The rebel army passed through western Henan from southern Shaanxi to Xiang, Deng, Jun, Ying, and other prefectures. The soldiers of the Guanghua Army, led by Shao Xing, responded to the uprising. In September, the peasants of Jinzhou revolted, invaded the state city, seized the treasury and fought the army, and distributed the money and silk to the poor. In November, Shao Xing was defeated and killed at Huan. In December, Zhang Hai and others were defeated and died.

In August 1044 (the fourth year of Qingli), the soldiers of Baozhou revolted and were suppressed.

In November 1047 (the seventh year of Qingli), Wang Ze led the soldiers and peasants of Beizhou to revolt and occupy Beizhou, and established the country as Anyang.

In the first month of 1048 (the eighth year of Qingli), the Song army invaded Beizhou. Wang Ze, Zhang Luan, Bu Ji and others died bravely.

In 1084 (the seventh year of Shenzong Yuanfeng), Hebei Baojia uprising. Baojia of Lanzhou and Weizhou united with the peasants and launched an uprising.

In the area of Lanzhou and Huazhou, Baoding led by Shan An, Wang Qidonkey, Zhang Xieliu, etc., revolted and entered Weizhou.

1119 (the first year of Emperor Huizong's reign)

The peasants of Yunzhou, Shandong Province revolted, with Song Jiang as the leader.

1120 (2nd year of Xuanhe)

In October, the peasants of Qingxi in Muzhou, under the leadership of Fang La, launched an uprising in Bangyuantong. In November, Fang La founded the country with the name of Shenggong and established the year name Yongle. Capture Qingxi County. In December, he captured Muzhou and Shezhou, marched victoriously, and entered the city of Hangzhou. The rebellious peasants launched a fierce attack on the political power, clan power, husband power, theocracy and Confucianism of the landlord class. Zhu Yan and Wu Bang of Lanxi County, Wuzhou, Chen Shishi of Yongkang County, Lu Xinger of Gui'an County of Huzhou, Huo Chengfu and Chen Hoop of Jinyun County, Suzhou Shisheng, Qiu Rixin of Yuezhou Yan County, Lu Shinang of Xianju County of Taizhou, and peasants in Changzhou, Mingzhou, Xiuzhou, Wenzhou and other places responded to Fang La. After the peasant army captured Hangzhou, it grew to one million people. The Shandong uprising peasants marched from Yunzhou to Pu, Shan, Qi, Qing and other prefectures.

1121 (3rd year of Xuanhe)

In the first month, Fang La led the main force of the peasant army to capture Wuzhou and Quzhou. The peasant army was led by Fang Qifo to attack Xiuzhou, but was not victorious and retreated to Hangzhou. In February, the Song army counterattacked Hangzhou. The rebel army withdrew from Hangzhou. Muzhou was besieged. Qiu Rixin's peasant army captured Yan County, Xinchang and Shangyu. The peasants of Shandong revolt entered Huainan and reached Haizhou. Song Jiang surrendered to Zhang Shuye of Song Zhizhou. The uprising was betrayed and failed. In March, the peasant army of Lü Shisang captured Xianju, Tiantai and Huangyan. In April, Shezhou, Quzhou, Wuzhou, and Muzhou, which were occupied by the Fangla peasant army, were lost one after another. The Song army captured Qingxi County. Fang La led a peasant army of 200,000 to retreat to help Yuantong. The peasant army was defeated. More than 30 people, including Fang La, his wife Shao Shi, his son Fang Bo, and the leader of the uprising, Fang Fei, were captured; In August, he was heroic. In May, the peasant armies in Yiwu, Lanxi, Yanxian and other places fought fiercely with the Song army and failed. The leader of the uprising, Qiu Rixin, and others died. In June, Lü's division fought in Huangyan, and 30 leaders of the uprising died. In July, the Xianju uprising peasants attacked Wenzhou under the leadership of Yu Daoan, but they were transferred to Chuzhou. In October, the rebels were besieged at Yongkang. Yu Daoan sacrificed.

In 1122 (the fourth year of Xuanhe), the peasants of Liangshanbo in Yunzhou, Shandong Province continued to revolt. The Xiangzhou Peasant Army revolted under the leadership of Jia Jin and others.

In 1123 (the fifth year of Xuanhe), the peasants of Hebei, Jingdong and other roads revolted. Hundreds of thousands of peasants in Luozhou, with Zhang Di as the leader, launched an uprising and attacked Jun. Zhang Di was defeated and died. The peasants of Taihang Mountain, led by Gao Tuotian, revolted. Transferred to Qing, Xu, Mi, Yi and other states.

1125 (7th year of Xuanhe)

Gao Tuotian surrendered to the Song Dynasty, and the uprising was betrayed. The 100,000 peasants of the Jingdong Road Uprising, led by Zhang Xian, fought fiercely with the Song army at Leigu Mountain. Zhang Xian was "recruited" and descended to the Song Dynasty. 100,000 peasants in Jinan Prefecture, led by Sun Lie, occupied Huazi Mountain and were suppressed. The Tokyo rebel army of 100,000 entered Haizhou led by Jia Jin and others. Jia Jin was "recruited" and surrendered to the Song Dynasty. Linyi Wuhu, Yunzhou Li Tai, Yizhou Xu Jin and others led local peasant uprisings.

1130 (4th year of Emperor Gaozong's reign)

In February, Zhong Xiang of Wuling in Dingzhou led the local peasant army to revolt, and established the name of Great Chu, Zhong Xiang called the King of Chu, and established the name of Tianzhan (a "Tianzai"). The rebel army put forward the slogan "equal to the rich and the poor", and severely suppressed the Confucian scholars, monks, and Taoist priests who preached the Tao of Confucius and Mencius. After the uprising was launched, peasants in 19 counties in Dingzhou, Lizhou, Jingnan, Tanzhou, Xiazhou, Yuezhou, and Chenzhou responded one after another. The peasant army captured Taoyuan and entered Lizhou. In March, Zhong Xiang was defeated and captured, and died heroically. The peasant army continued to fight under the leadership of Yang Tai. In April, the peasants of Guixi County, Xinzhou, under the leadership of Wang Zongshi, revolted and captured Guixi and Yiyang counties. The peasant army used Manichaeism to connect and grew to more than 100,000 people. In June, the rebels were defeated. Wang Zongshi and 26 other leaders were captured and sacrificed. The peasants of Ouning County, Jianzhou, revolted, with Fan Ru as the leader. In August, the peasant army captured Jianyang County, which grew to tens of thousands. In November, Fan Ruwei was "recruited" and accepted the official title of "Commander of the Fujian Militia" in the Song Dynasty. The peasants of Jizhou revolted under the leadership of three sisters, Peng You, Li Man, Wang Yan and Liao Bagu, and captured eight county towns in Jiangxi and Hunan, and the revolt expanded to tens of thousands.

1131 (the first year of Shaoxing)

In July, Chen Hao led thousands of peasants in Qianzhou to revolt and attacked Yandu, Xinfeng and other counties. The Song Dynasty ordered Fan Ru, who was "recruited", to disband and return to the peasants. Ding Chaozuo, a peasant in Jianyang, rebelled.

In the first month of 1132 (the second year of Shaoxing), the Song army besieged Jianzhou, and Fan Ruwei committed suicide. More than 10,000 peasant soldiers were killed in battle. In April, Chen Hao's army attacked Xunzhou and conquered Longchuan County. In November, he captured Wuping County and besieged Meizhou.

In the first month of 1133 (the third year of Shaoxing), Chen Hao's army returned to Jiangxi. The rebel army grew to more than 100,000 people, and was active in Xun, Mei, Chao, Hui, Ying, Shao, Guangzhou, Nanxiong and other prefectures in Guangdong, Qianzhou, Nan'an, and Jianchang in Jiangxi, and Tingzhou and Shaowujun in Fujian. In March, a peasant uprising in Kaihua County, Quzhou, was led by the Manichaean Muro. In May, Murrow and others defected and surrendered. More than 90 people, including Wang Cang, were arrested and killed. In April, the peasant leader Chen Hao was defeated in Xingguo and was captured and killed. Pengyou's peasant army went to the capital. Peng You and others were defeated and captured. The Yangtai peasant army took Dongting Lake as a base and established a water village, and the peasant army grew to 200,000 people. The occupied area extends to Gong'an in the north, Ding and Li in the west, Yueyang in the east, and Changsha in the south. In October, Yang Taijun defeated the Song army in the lower reaches of Dongting Lake.

In February 1134 (the fourth year of Shaoxing), Yang Tai rejected the Song Dynasty's "Zhao'an". In May, Qi Liu Yu sent an envoy to the peasant army to liaise, but Yang Tai cut the envoy and solemnly refused. In July, the Yang Tai peasant army attacked Dingzhou Shemu Village and defeated the Song army.

In June 1135 (the fifth year of Shaoxing), Yang Tai's peasant army was defeated at Dongting Lake. Huang Zuo, Yang Qin and others rebelled and surrendered to the Song Dynasty. Mrs. Yang persevered and died heroically.

1140 (10th year of Shaoxing)

The peasants of Yizhang County, Chenzhou, Hunan Province, revolted under the leadership of Luo Ke and Wen Sui and captured Guiyang, Chen, Dao, Lian, He and other prefectures. Luo Ke defected halfway to the Song Dynasty. The peasant army, under the leadership of Deng Ning, Li Ding, and others, continued to fight. Ou Yousi led other troops to capture Lanshan County.

In October 1141 (the 11th year of Shaoxing), the peasant uprising in Yizhang County failed.

In 1143 (the thirteenth year of Shaoxing), peasants from all over Fujian, under the leadership of peasant leaders such as Guan Tianxia, Wu Heilong, and Man Shanhong, launched an uprising and attacked the four prefectures of Zhang, Quan, Ting, Jian, and the counties and towns of Meizhou in Guangdong and Qianzhou in Jiangxi.

In 1144 (the 14th year of Shaoxing), the peasants of Jingxian County, Yizhou, under the leadership of the Manichaean Yu Yi, launched an uprising.

In 1146 (the sixteenth year of Shaoxing), the rebel army such as Guan Tianxia was suppressed by the Song army and failed.

In the spring of 1149 (the 19th year of Shaoxing), Du Bazi, Huiyuantong, Ouning County, Jianzhou, led a peasant uprising and broke through Jianyang City. In the summer, Zhang Dayi, Li Daer and others led a peasant uprising in Huiyuantong. He Baiqi in Ting, Zhang, Quan and other prefectures in Fujian revolted and advanced to the four prefectures of Mei, Xun, Chao and Hui in Guangdong and Qianzhou in Jiangxi.

In July 1150 (the twentieth year of Shaoxing), the He Baiqi uprising failed, and the leaders of the uprising, Huang Dalao and Xie Erhua, were captured.

In 1163 (the first year of Xiaozong Longxing), the peasants in Xiangshan in Mingzhou and Huating in Xiuzhou revolted at sea.

In 1165 (the first year of the main road), Li Jin, an archer in Yizhang County, Chenzhou, organized the peasant masses, launched an uprising, and quickly formed an army of 10,000 people. The peasant army entered the nine prefecture capitals of Guangdong, including Luying, Shao, Lian, and Guangzhou. Kill landlords and bureaucrats and confiscate their land and property.

In May, Liu Huasan and Li Wuxiang of Xiangyin County led a peasant uprising in response to Li Jin's uprising. In August, Li Jin was defeated and captured.

In 1175 (the second year of Chunxi), the tea farmers and tea sellers on Hubei Road held an uprising under the leadership of Lai Wenzheng. The rebel army moved from Hubei to Hunan. In June, the rebel army entered Heshan, Yongxin County, Jizhou. In July, the rebel army was defeated in Jiangxi, and Lai Wenzheng died.

1179 (6th year of Chunhee)

In the first month, the peasants of Yizhang County in Chenzhou revolted under the leadership of Chen Tong and captured the four counties of Daozhou, Guiyang Army and Lianzhou, with thousands of people. In May, Chen Dong was defeated and captured, and the uprising failed. Guangxi Lu Li Jie (一作李楫) led a peasant uprising, announced that no taxes would be collected for ten years, and opened the government and landlords' warehouses to help poor peasants. The uprising masses called Li Jie the King of Li. The peasant army successively captured eight counties in the six prefectures of Yulin, Hua, Rong, Lei, Gao, and Guizhou on the Guangxi Road, but failed half a year later.

In 1184 (the eleventh year of Chunxi), Jiang Da Lao led the peasant army to revolt in the area of Tingzhou.

In 1185 (the twelfth year of Chunxi), Pingjiang Prefecture Yu Lang and others rebelled, and Cai Ba, a hungry man at sea, rebelled. The Song army went deep into the ocean to suppress it, and 42 people, including Cai Ba, the leader of the uprising, were captured.

In 1188 (the fifteenth year of Chunxi), Chen Qingjun and other hungry people at sea revolted and operated along the coast of Guangzhou. Chen Qingjun and 16 others were arrested.

In 1219 (the twelfth year of Ningzong Jiading), in leap March, the sergeants Zhang Fu and Mo Jian led the Red Turban Team to revolt in Xingyuanfu, Lizhou Road, with thousands of soldiers participating. In April, the rebel army invaded Lizhou, Langzhou, Guozhou, Suining and Puzhou, and the vanguard reached Zizhou and Han Prefecture, approaching Chengdu, and Sichuan was shaken. In July, the Red Turban Team was defeated, Mo Jian committed suicide, and Zhang Fu was killed.

In 1223 (the sixteenth year of Jiading), the soldiers of the Wugang Army revolted under the leadership of Jiang Zong and Yang De, and failed dozens of days later, and Jiang Zong and other leaders were killed.

In 1228 (the first year of Emperor Lizong's Shaoding), the peasants of Ganzhou held an uprising under the leadership of Chen Sangun and Zhang Mowang, and built 60 villages on the border of Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong with Songzi Mountain as the base to carry out uprising activities. Farmers from all walks of life rose up in response.

In December 1229 (the second year of Shaoding), Yan Mengbiao of Tingzhou led the local peasant uprising, and the rebel army captured Tingzhou, Shaowujun and Nanjianzhou counties with the base area of Tanfei, and developed to Longyan in Zhangzhou, Changtai and Yongchun and Dehua in Quanzhou. The soldiers of Tingzhou City revolted in response. The rebel army grew to tens of thousands. A year later, the rebels were crushed and defeated.

In 1234 (the first year of Duanping), the Ganzhou peasant army was defeated in Songzi Mountain, Zhang Mowang committed suicide and died, Chen was wounded and captured by three shots, and died heroically in Longxing Mansion.