Let the people live is the greatest human nature!

Many years later, the sentence that Liu He said when he inadvertently complained was added with three words and two punctuation marks, from "living is the greatest human nature" to "letting the people live is the greatest human nature!" Then it became the motto of the monarchs and ministers of the Han Empire, and it was firmly engraved in everyone's hearts.

In order to solve the problem of eating for the people of Luoyang, everyone who participated in the discussion used their brains together, and finally they came up with a few ideas.

Zhu Jun proposed to send people to Hedong County and Henan County to borrow grain, and wait until next year's grain harvest in Luoyang to return it; Wei Qi proposed to send people to Jizhou and Jingzhou to buy grain, and the required property was to be raised by large households in each county; Tian Chou proposed that Xu Rong immediately lead 5,000 Xiliang troops to the north to relieve the pressure on the food supply in the Luoyang area; Li Yan suggested sending someone to Youzhou for help, and by the way, a batch of armaments and materials could be transported.

Guo Jia, who has not spoken much, put forward a complete suggestion to Liu He, he said: "The top priority at the moment is to stabilize people's hearts and minds, and not to make the people feel that the government is at a loss and cannot solve the problem of food shortage. For this reason, I think it is better to first take out some of the surplus grain from the official treasury and sell it in the market, creating an illusion that there is no shortage of grain in the Luoyang market. While doing this, he secretly summoned all the big households near Luoyang and forced them to donate some of the grain, don't look at these big households shouting about the lack of food, in fact, their cellars must have enough surplus food to eat for several years! ”

"What if these big families refuse to donate food?" Pull asked.

Guo Jia replied: "Hmph, if they only care about the gains and losses of each family at such a critical time, then tell the people who are short of food, whose cellar has grain, let the people take it themselves!" ”

"Those big families are guarded by dozens or even hundreds of fierce soldiers, how can ordinary people get in?" The judge said with some disapproval.

Tian Chou said expressionlessly: "This is easy to do." We brought back many weapons from Chang'an this time, but now they are rusty in the warehouse, and it is enough to distribute them directly to the common people. That's right. When the weapons were distributed, it was said that the people were to prevent the invasion of the Black Mountain bandits and the White Wave bandits. The common people have knives and guns in their hands, they are the second batch of Shenxi Army, try to see which big family dares to hoard Juqi! ”

When everyone in the hall heard Tian Chou's words, they were all surprised, and suddenly thought of the origin of Shen Xijun.

Liu He was very happy, looking at everyone happily, and he didn't feel embarrassed at all that the people who had fooled Danshui in the first place rose up to rebel.

Guo Jia saw that no one objected to him anymore, and then said: "The methods mentioned above can only solve the urgent need, but cannot fundamentally relieve the food shortage. So when doing these things, he also had to send many people to Hedong County and Hanoi County to borrow grain, and go to Jizhou and Jingzhou to buy grain. ”

Li Yan added: "We can also adopt the idea of optimizing allocation, first evacuate a group of people who are most in need of grain to go to several counties where there is barely enough to eat, and in addition, gather grain in several counties with a slight surplus of grain this year as relief grain." It was used to open a porridge shed near Luoyang City to relieve the people in special need. ”

After listening to everyone's opinions, Liu He had a general plan in his heart, and he said: "Everyone has put forward very good opinions just now. In particular, the feasibility of Bonghyo's package is very high, and it can be implemented with a little adjustment. I thought about it carefully, and the people in the Luoyang area are now stable. It is not advisable to allow the poor people to have fierce confrontation and conflict with the big households in various counties, otherwise it is easy to cause large-scale popular uprisings. ”

Everyone agreed with Liu He's analysis and nodded in agreement.

Liu He continued: "Although it is not appropriate to let the poor people and the rich have a conflict with each other. But the food stored in the homes of these rich families also has to find a way to get it. To this end, I decided to set up a non-governmental organization called 'mutual aid cooperatives' in the Yin land boundary of Henan, and then the mutual aid cooperatives would play a role in regulating the contradictions and conflicts between the rich and the poor people, and rationally allocate all kinds of scarce resources. ”

"Childe, what is the operating mechanism of the mutual aid society?" Tian Chou asked a very professional word, worthy of being the first master under Liu He.

Liu He replied: "The mutual aid cooperative, as the name suggests, is an organization in which local people help each other, and the specific operation mechanism can be summed up as 'the government supervises and arbitrates, the people voluntarily participate, the scarce materials are shared, the labor and animal power are shared, and the fruits of labor are distributed according to how much each household invests." ’”

"For example, there are more than a dozen townships under Gucheng County, and the people can jointly elect a president and several vice presidents according to the township, and then gather all kinds of materials in the township to help the people tide over the difficulties together. Those wealthy households who have given a lot of materials can enjoy the agreed return after the harvest of the grain in the next year, and other farmers can also repay it through labor. Those poor peasant households who lack food receive help and assistance in times of difficulty, and when they have a comfortable life, they need to pay more grain or labor to the society. ”

According to his own memory, Liu He said some of the practices of the junior society in later generations. In Liu He's view, there is no shortage of arable land in the Luoyang area, but labor and means of production, so it can boldly try to promote the rural collective economic form of mutual aid groups and primary cooperatives.

Later, when the Huaxia Kingdom was first established, primary societies were implemented in the vast backward rural areas, and primary societies were developed on the basis of mutual aid groups. It is characterized by the fact that, under the principle of voluntary mutual benefit, the peasants operate and use the main means of production such as private land, farm animals, and large-scale agricultural tools in a unified manner, and give appropriate land dividends according to the quality and quantity of the land, and pay certain remuneration to other means of production that join the cooperatives.

On the basis of the division of labor and cooperation among the members, the primary society organizes collective labor in a unified manner, and the members receive labor remuneration according to the principle of distribution according to work, and the products are reasonably distributed by the company. Compared with mutual aid groups, the primary societies have a certain amount of public accumulation, and compared with mutual aid groups, they have implemented centralized management of land and other means of production, and can accumulate a certain amount of public property, which has a great advantage in fighting against various natural disasters.

Liu He's idea may be a bit ahead of his time, but he thinks that in the current situation that cannot be worse, why not try an advanced production system? Even if it fails, at most it will start over, and the big deal is that the people of Luoyang will flee to various places to survive, and it will not be much worse than now.

In fact, in the long history of mankind. The Commune was a long-standing mode of organization, most notably in the Russian countryside, which lasted for thousands of years, from slavery to capitalism.

Due to the different historical processes, in some countries and regions, the traditional form of the rural commune has been preserved for a long time, but it is no longer a transitional social form from a primitive society to a class society, and has degenerated into a form of commune organization dependent on slavery or feudal serfdom. In such communes, arable land was traditionally redistributed periodically, but land ownership had been usurped by slave owners or feudal lords. At the cost of various tributes or servitude, the members cultivated the commune's "land".

Liu He's current era was still in the early stage of feudal society, and the slavery system still existed seriously in various places, and the problem of land annexation was even more serious.

The most important thing is the concept of this mutual aid society proposed by Liu He. Between the mutual aid groups and the primary people's communes, it comes from the experience of rural reform in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, which is not a reversal of history, but a step forward in the relations of production. If you talk about the advanced. The key lies in how the government at all levels guides and supervises the mutual aid cooperatives to prevent them from becoming the driving force behind a small number of wealthy households to continue to annex the land of poor peasants.

In the conference hall, Liu He spent a lot of time explaining to everyone what a mutual aid group is. What is called a mutual aid society, and in the end, everyone finally fully understood and accepted his concept.

Li Yan first raised his own question: "Childe, it sounds like the mutual aid society is very helpful in changing the current situation in Luoyang. However, there is still one thing that is unclear about the lowly position, that is, the rich families in each county have a large number of domestic slaves and tenants, and they can survive even if they do not form mutual aid groups with poor farmers, even if they do not join mutual aid societies, and these rich households have no incentive to participate when they do not see the actual benefits. ”

Liu He nodded and replied: "This is the most critical point of establishing a mutual aid cooperative, in order to solve this problem, it is necessary to make the rich families near Luoyang feel that they don't have everything, and those poor people don't have nothing!" I also have an idea on how to achieve this. Specifically, the government supports the vast number of peasant households in the form of loans, providing them with a batch of cattle and horses and advanced farming tools for the poor peasant households to use, and when these peasant households recover, they will be repaid to the government in the form of grain or other goods. ”

The judge was a little puzzled and said, "But where do we have many oxen and horses and a large number of ploughshares for the poor people?" ”

Liu He replied with a smile: "This question depends on the reinforcements of Youzhou." The Xianbei people and Wuhuan people north of the Great Wall have bred a lot of cattle and horses, and now they are lining up in the place of the border plug market waiting for us to buy them! As for the ploughshare, after a year of full production in the workshops of Macheng and Ningcheng, it must have accumulated a lot, and it can be transferred to solve the urgent need. ”

Wei Qi asked again: "But what do we do with the Xianbei and Wuhuan people?" The official warehouse in Luoyang is now empty, and there is a group of rats running around every day! ”

Liu He looked at Wei Qi with a smile and said, "Isn't there the largest salt pond in the world in Hedong, and you can use salt to trade with the Xianbei people and the Wuhuan people." In addition, the Xianbei people and the Wuhuan people seem to have a soft spot for shiny and shiny jewelry, and I have shipped a lot of this thing back from Chang'an, which can just come in handy! ”

Wei Qi found that he was quietly calculated by Liu He, because the salt pond in Hedong was a cornucopia of money from the Wei family, but he didn't dare to speak out against it, because Liu He said that he would use up the treasures in his hands that he had obtained from the dock.

Tian Chou was still the most considerate of Liu He, he frowned and said: "Childe, if you follow this path, except for the salt produced in Hedong Yanchi, which is not provided by you, all the other start-up assets lent to the poor people are actually paid by you personally, how should this account be calculated at that time?" ”

Everyone in the hall also nodded together, feeling that Liu He should not be allowed to suffer such a big loss.

Liu He said with a smile: "What kind of account is it, it is my bounden duty to relieve the danger of the people!" In fact, after the people of Luoyang have relieved themselves, I will also announce that these materials provided to them are interest-free, and they only need to repay the principal! ”

"No! Childe must not be like this! Several people objected.

"Hey, how can you do good things?" Liu He looked at everyone with a look of surprise.

Guo Jia replied: "Everyone is born inert, if the people know that they can use all kinds of materials provided by the government for free, I am afraid that in the future, they will be lazy and no longer work diligently!" ”

Being reminded by Guo Jia like this, Liu He suddenly remembered that after a huge earthquake in later generations, the affected people sat in the earthquake shed and rubbed mahjong as a matter of course, receiving massive assistance from all walks of life, and complained that a certain brand of instant noodles was not delicious, and a certain brand of ham and sausage starch was too much, and those who worked hard to come to the rescue were so busy that they couldn't even drink saliva.

"Well, what Bonghyo said makes sense. So let's do it, all the farmers who want to receive relief materials need to take out part of the land title deeds for mortgage, if they can't repay it in a few years, these land title deeds will belong to me, what do you think? ”

"As it should be!"

"Childe is benevolent!"

Everyone in the hall supported Liu He's decision, and no one felt that there was anything wrong with Liu He's doing...... (To be continued......)

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