Ye Hao couldn't help asking, "Girl, why do you keep smashing your clothes, what should I do if I smash it for the young master?" ”

"Young master, the slaves and maids wash their clothes with sticks, relying on the power of the sticks to beat the clothes, and bring out the dirt with water, and then rub them with their hands and step on them with their feet."

Hearing Ye Hao say this, her eyes were hazy and she was about to cry, she was thinking that Ye Hao might really be really angry, and she was lost.

Ye Hao then remembered that washing clothes in the Eastern Han Dynasty was indeed beaten with a stick, and the foot stepping on it was similar to the theory of washing machine stirring. The washing machine is by agitating, the drum wall rubs against the clothes, and rubs against the clothes to bring out the dirt. The foot is to rub the clothes with the force of the step, and the dirt and water are squeezed off the clothes.

Seeing that the little girl was so tired from washing clothes, Ye Hao suddenly remembered soap, which is said to be a very common household item in modern times. Its invention was not created by a single person, just like the invention of the zipper or the ballpoint pen; In fact, soap is one of the most significant chemical inventions.

There are many legends about the origin of soap, and there is also an interesting story that a long time ago, in the royal palace of ancient Egypt, there was such an event: one day, the king held a banquet to entertain guests.

In the middle of the night, the people went to the table and the cooks were busy cleaning up the dishes. A cook was careless, and knocked over a pot of cooking oil next to the stove, and the oil flowed into the stove and mixed with the charcoal that had been extinguished. The man, fearing that it would cause a fire, hurriedly carried the oily charcoal outside.

Strangely enough, when he washed his hands, he found that his oiled hands were very smooth and much cleaner than before.

He told his companions about this, and aroused everyone's curiosity, and they all did the same, and they all felt very good. Later, the big guy saved some of the charcoal that had been burned in the stove, poured some oil on it, and washed his hands with it when he was done. When the king found out, he told the others to do the same, and made it into a round rod that could be easily picked up for the palace to wash their hands. This is probably the first soap.

By 70 A.D., Pliny, a scholar of the Roman Empire, succeeded in making lumpy soap from mutton fat and wood grass ash for the first time, and from then on, Rome began to use soap.

This technology was later introduced to England, where Queen Elizabeth I ordered the construction of the world's first and largest soap factory in Bristules, England.

Although soap was invented a long time ago, it was only after the 19th century that it was really commonly used.

Whether washing the body with soap or laundry, its superiority is self-evident; Washing in a river or lake is much stronger than laundry detergent, and soap is less likely to make the river water worse.

This thing, it tells people that chemistry works wonders -- it makes dirty hands clean; to make two completely different things into something completely new; There is an invisible "magic" in the world, which can show us to open mysterious treasures and create many new things.

Ye Hao nodded, and suddenly he now had the idea of making soap, so he pulled up the little girl, "Let's go, I'll go find a few things with the young master." ”

"That...... Master, Fluttershy hasn't done her laundry yet, what are you taking me for? ”

The little girl was puzzled, she was thinking that his young master was really a restless master, and he had only been in peace for half a year, what was this going to toss?

"You'll know when you come with me, wait until I figure out this little thing, and make sure you can do the laundry smoothly in the future." A smile crossed the corner of Ye Hao's mouth, and he nodded the little girl's brain.

Under the guidance of the little girl, Ye Hao and the two walked through several courtyards and came to the stove room.

Fu Bo was busy letting his subordinates open the meal, and when he saw Ye Hao stunned, he greeted him, "Young master, why are you running the stove room, there is a lot of dust here, it will stain your clothes!" ”

Ye Hao asked, "It's not in the way, Fu Bo, let me ask if you are busy in this stove room now?" ”

Fu Bo replied, "I'm not busy, what's wrong, young master?" ”

"It's okay if you're not busy, you go and divide your orders, go find a few catties of mutton fat, and some plant ash."

Ye Hao thought for a while, and then said to Fu Bo: "That... By the way, vacate the stove room for me! ”

"Young master, this grass and wood ash, there is it at the bottom of the pot, mutton fat, our Ye Mansion has no stock."

"Is there lard in that house? Any other animal fat will work! ”

Fu Bo hurriedly replied: "Yes, there is, young master, there is lard in the house, and there is a large stock. ”

Ye Hao knocked on the white feather fan and said to Fu Bo: "Cheng, then lard, you prepare more for me." ”

Fu Bo was dumbfounded, "Young Master, what are you trying to do?" ”

"That's... You can do it..., no need to ask. ”

"Okay, young master, you can rest for a while, old slave, I will go and tell the people to do it."

Fu Bo was about to do it, but he was stopped by Ye Hao again, "That, you wait first......

With a puzzled expression, Fu Bo stopped, "Young Master, dare to ask, is there anything else?" ”

Ye Hao took out ten taels of silver and handed it to him, "Fu Bo, this is a reward for your errands." ”

"What are you doing here? Young master, I grew up watching the young master, how can I take your reward money. ”

The little girl cleared her throat and interjected, "That... Fu Bo, if the young master asks you to take it, you will take it, I dare to guarantee that the young master must have other intentions. ”

Ye Hao: "... Girl, sometimes people are too smart, but they will be disliked by others..."

The little girl pursed her lips and twisted her little head, with a completely unseen expression.

Ye Hao turned around and said to Fu Bo: "Fu Bo... I've got something to do, please. ”

Fu Bo took the reward and said with questions: "Young master, if you have anything, even if you tell me, the old slave will definitely do it." ”

Ye Hao's expression was solemn, and he said very seriously: "Fu Bo, it's what you see next, please keep it secret." ”

"Young master, it is the duty of the old slave to keep the secret of the Ye Mansion, young master, don't worry, old slave, I will find a few reliable people."

In a few moments, Fauber summoned four or five people, all gathered around a large iron pot in the stove.

Under the command of Ye Hao, this big iron pot was temporarily raised by more than half a meter by several family members, and transformed into a kiln, like a stall for baking cakes.

But two of the housekeepers stood aside, carrying bundles of firewood, and two or three men carrying two large wooden buckets, each filled with ashes and lard.

Grass ash is the ashes of plants after burning, such as some firewood and grass used for cooking, such as straw, wheat stalks, firewood and so on.

Let's talk about the chemical composition of these two substances, whether it is the East or the West in ancient times, the earliest washing ingredients are nothing more than sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate.

The former is a natural lake mineral product, and the latter is plant ash, and its main washing component is fatty acid salt.

Grass ash, which contains mineral elements, is alkaline, and the main component is potassium carbonate (K2CO3).

Oils and fats are fatty acids; It works with oil stains and can dissolve dirt in water.

The alkali of the plant ash provides cations, and the compound formed by mixing the oil with the alkali is soap.

In this way, soap can be produced in large quantities.