Shi Xun has been digging through the pile of old papers in the past few months to clarify the origin and context of the "Zen Rang" statement. Han Fei's sentence fundamentally negates the so-called Zen concession of Confucianism, which Xun has long known, but Han Fei's theory is respected by the first emperor and used by the tyrannical Qin, and the Han Dynasty is really unconvincing, so this sentence alone is not enough, and I hope to find earlier and clearer evidence.

In fact, he most hopes to find the "Bamboo Book Chronicle", which is ancient, and its source is probably not later than "Spring and Autumn", and its historical value is incomparable to the words of the Warring States Hundred Schools such as "Han Feizi".

The so-called "Bamboo Book Chronicle" is the history of the Jin State in the Spring and Autumn Period, the Spring and Autumn Period, the Warring States Period of the three families of the Jin, the book entered the Wei, and the historians of the Wei State continued to compile it until the era of King Xiang of Wei (a said King of Wei Ai). There are sporadic words in the book, such as "Xi Yao's virtue declined, and he was imprisoned by Shun", "Shun imprisoned Yao, and reinstated Saidan Zhu, so that he could not see his father", "Shun imprisoned Yao in Pingyang and took the throne", "Shun released Yao in Pingyang" and other words, which can prove that the so-called "Zen Rang" is nothing more than a fictional ancient utopia of Confucianism.

According to the historical books, this book was once lost, and it was only after the tomb robbers dug the tomb of a king of Wei in the five years of Xianning of the Western Jin Dynasty (279 AD), because it was written on the bamboo slips with the big seal of the Wei State, it was named "Bamboo Book Chronicle", also known as "Ji Tomb Book". Emperor Sima Yan of the Jin Dynasty was ordered to identify and translate the book supervisor Xun Xuan, Zhongshu Ling and Qiao, etc., because of the political turmoil such as the "Rebellion of the Eight Kings" and the "Yongjia Rebellion", which led to the delay of the construction period, and it was not until the early years of the Eastern Jin Dynasty that it was finally completed by the author Lang Shuhui.

However, the "Bamboo Book Chronicle" that Xun saw in his previous life is no longer its original. This book died again in the Song Dynasty, and it was only reproduced in the Yuan and Ming dynasties that the engraved version was called "this book". But it has been denounced as a forgery by many scholars. During the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty, Zhu You once compiled the chapters and sentences of the "Chronicles" quoted in the ancient books, and researched them to compile the "Ji Tomb Chronicles and Preservation of the Truth", called the "ancient book" - it is Xun has read, and it is the ancient book that has been verified and supplemented by many experts.

Then this book was the final draft from the era of King Wei Xiang or King Wei Ai, until the bamboo slips obtained from the tomb excavation in the Western Jin Dynasty. Has it been obliterated for hundreds of years? Not necessarily. Ancient books were lost in large numbers due to periodic turmoil, and the first catastrophe was Qin Shi Huang's "book burning and Confucianism". Of course, the First Emperor didn't really burn all the books. It's just that it is forbidden to keep private collections, and there is still a version in the inner library, the problem is to wait until the overlord Xiang Yu enters the guanzhong, and burns down the palace room of Qin. This last edition was also half reduced to ashes......

Then at the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Wang Mang usurped the throne. Led to the rebellion of red eyebrows and green forests, Dong Zhuo burned the palace room in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, maybe the "Bamboo Book Chronicle" was not only buried in the ground, but there were also copies in the world, but one of the three catastrophes was finally annihilated.

If so. Then from the Qin to the Han Dynasty, there must have been people who read this book. For the chapters and sentences, there may be some references. Shixun has been busy in Lantai for several months, just trying to find those sporadic records.

Hey, don't say it, he really found a lot of articles in the end, and they were articles that the future generations had never heard of...... Perhaps these books completely disappeared in the catastrophes of the "Five Hu Chaohua", the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty and the Northern Song Dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty, and so on......

It's really sad to think about!

It's just that Shi Xun doesn't have the time to worry about the future people now, he must take care of the present first and persuade Liu Xie to take the initiative to give up the emperor's throne. So in-depth research, repeated planning, and precision weaving, I finally prepared a large set of words. Let's start with Han Fei's words, which may not be reliable.

Sure enough, Liu Xieyi frowned: "Han Fei's words, can you trust it?" ”

Shi Xun smiled slightly: "Is it not only Han Fei who can't be trusted?" The old books are often copied and misunderstood, and today's people often look at the text to make sense, and let the fallacy spread with Zen. According to the classics, those who say that Zen allows them to have are not credible, and those who say they are not are also everywhere. ”

Liu Xie thought about it for a while, and then asked: "I heard that Master Zi also had Tao and Zen Rang, are there any?" ”

Shixun nodded: "Yes." Then he shook his head again: "But I can't believe it." ”

Why? The so-called Confucius mentions Chan Rang, which is generally believed to be only one place, in the last chapter of the Analects. The original text is: "Yao said: 'Consultation, Ershun, the number of the calendar of the sky is bowing, and it is allowed to hold on to it. The four seas are poor, and the heavens will never end. 'Shun also lives with Yu ......"

Shi Xun said: "Analects, the disciples remember the words and deeds of the master, and if they are not the master's own work, it is inevitable that they will be misremembered. And all the articles are the words and deeds of the Taoist master and Zilu, Zigong and other virtuous people, and this article is the only one that is at a loss to remember the ancient things, and this must be infiltrated by it, or there is a leak ......"

This is not because Xun is ingenious, picking bones in the egg, and scholars of the past generations also think that the preface of the "Yao Yue Chapter" does not match the afterword, and it should be omitted and out of context in the middle. Shi Xun further denied those few sentences, saying that not only did I suspect that there was an omission, but that it might even be the text that had been infiltrated at all, which was not the original meaning of the Analects.

You must know that in ancient times, bamboo slips were used as books, and the leather strips of the compilation were easy to wear and tear and break - Confucius read "Yi" and "Wei compiled three uniques", which is a true thing, not an exaggeration - plus there is no habit of remembering page numbers, and it is likely to be misspelled when you put it together again. This is not like a paper book, there are hundreds of words on a page, whether the preface is a postscript, it is easy to see, this bamboo slip is only two or three crosses at most, and it is only one or two sentences, it is too easy to insert the wrong place.

Of course, the direct rejection of the original material, which can often be seen in the Internet debates of later generations - there are often those who have a hard mouth, and they cling to the classics that meet their own needs, and for the classics that do not meet their needs, the sentence "It is better to believe in the book than no book" will be directly rejected - this year is still a new thing, and it is impossible to convince Liu Xie by this trick alone. Fortunately, it's Xun Yao's face, not just a denial-

"That is, what is said is true, and it is also Yao's order to govern Shun, and Shun's life to govern Yu, and he did not say Zen directly." Those two ancient sentences are ambiguous, just looking at the literal meaning, it is Di Yao who handed over the power to Da Shun, "Shun also lives Yu". It's just like Your Majesty, you are now entrusting all the government affairs to the King of Wei, but you didn't explicitly say that you have also given up the throne to Chan.

Liu Xie heard it reasonably, but - "Shangshu also has clouds. Is it not proof? ”

There is "Yaodian" in "Shangshu", which begins with the words: "In the past, in Diyao, he was smart and thoughtful, and he lived in the world." will be inferior to the position, let Yu Shun, as "Yaodian". There is also "Shun Dian", saying: "Yu Shun is slight." Yao Wen's wisdom will make the heir and go through all kinds of difficulties. He wrote "Shundian". ”

In fact, although the "Shangshu" passed down in these years is divided into two schools, modern and ancient, and there are slight differences in text, they are basically the versions after the Warring States period. It's just that the Jinwen school is passed down from Fusheng. The ancient literature school revered the Confucian collection of books. Later generations found that "Tsinghua Jane" was directly the pre-Qin Huo version, which may be more ancient than the Confucian book, and the content is much different. So Shi Xun thinks that the thing "Shangshu" really can't be believed, God knows how the sons and hundreds of schools of thought who went through the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States period tampered with.

Of course, he couldn't tell Liu Xie this, but just continued to pick out the words: "Nai Yunyao 'will be inferior to the throne and give way to Yu Shun', or Yun 'will make the heir'." This is the end of the story. Its wish is not the truth. "It's just that I want to give the throne to others. I didn't mention what I didn't let it do, how to do it accurately?

Besides-"Shun married Yao's second daughter, he is Yao's son-in-law, and his family has no children, and it is passed on to his sons-in-law, which is also a common thing, how can it be called Zen?" ”

Liu Xie immediately asked: "Yaozi Danzhu, what does it mean to be childless?" ”

Shi Xun smiled faintly: "'Yao Zhizi Dan Zhu is not good enough to give the world, so he has the right to give Shun. This Shi Qian's words are also, Shi Qian went to Yao Shun's world to be a thousand years old, and what he said cannot be believed. What Jinchen and His Majesty said are all ancient books, and Shi Qian's words are insignificant. ”

Sima Qian was born too late, and he told ancient stories, and no one knew how credible they were. Whether it's the "Analects" or the "Book of Shang" we just talked about, at least they are all works from before the Qin Dynasty - can they not be done without mentioning this dynasty?

In fact, in the Han Dynasty, it was generally believed that both literary and ideological, and even credible, were only listed in the middle of the stream, and they were not as good as the "Book of Han" - that's why they were in front of the horses, and the horses were in front of the horses. Why? In fact, the reason is very simple, because Sima Qian was politically incorrect, portrayed Liu Bang as a big hooligan, deliberately highlighted Xiang Yu's heroism, and then slandered Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty a lot...... Of course, after the change of dynasty, the big guys dared to tell the truth, and they had to admit that Shi Qian may be a little extreme, and the above is really a little bit......

Therefore, it is Xun who said that the "Historical Records" is not enough evidence, but Liu Xie has no objection. He just asked, Zen let it go, deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, can you really knock it over with a stick? Could it be that Qin had never mentioned Zen Rang in other books before?

Shi Xun honestly replied that there was, for example: "Zhuangzi. There are clouds in "Getaway": "Yao let the world be in Xu You...... 'you can not only let Xu You, but also let Shun also. However, the guy in Zhuangzi is full of running trains, all of which are fables, can what he said really be regarded as a history of faith?

And - "Mozi. Shangxian has a cloud: 'Therefore, the ancients Yao Ju Shun was in the yang of the service, and the government was granted, and the world was peaceful; Yu moves to benefit from the yin side, the government of granting, Kyushu becomes. However, not to mention that Mozi's words have always been rejected by Confucianism, he also only said "the government of granting", not to give way. Moreover, the following text is: "Tang Ju Yiyin is in the kitchen, and the government is granted, and he obtains it; King Wen raised Hongxiao, Tai was in the midst of recklessness, and the government was granted, and the West was served. "Could it be that Shang Tang also gave way to Yi Yin, and King Wen of Zhou also gave way to Hong Yao and Tai Dian? Outrageous! That's just talking about using sage, not about Zen.

The third - "Xunzi. Chengxiang" has a cloud: 'Please become a Xiang, Dao Shengwang, Yao, Shun Shangxian resigned......

Shun confers Yu, with the world, it is still necessary to promote the virtuous without disorder, not to avoid revenge outside, and not to give ...... to the sages inside'"

Liu Xie said that this is not enough? "Resignation" and "the world", isn't that Zen to say? That's what Xunzi said, can it be wrong?

Shi Xun shook his head: ""Chengxiang" is all rhymes, different from ancient prose, the system is violated, and Anke can be accepted? or posterity added in vain. The "Righteous Treatise" chapter Zeyun: "The worldly speaker said Yao Shun Chan Rang, but it is not. The Son of Heaven, the supreme power, invincible in the world, who has the husband and let go! …… The husband said that Yao Shun Zen let go, it is a lie, it is the legend of the shallow, and the saying of the ugly. Then Xunzi is not Zen and can be understood. ”

In addition, I have other arguments - "Zuo. The eighteenth year of Duke Wen contains the virtue of Shi Keyan Shun, saying: "It is to collapse Yao and the world is the same, and the concentric Dai Shun is the Son of Heaven, and he uses the sixteen phases to go to the four murderers." 'Then Yao collapsed and then Shun practiced the position, and there was a person who died and Zen? It is really an uncle (father-in-law) who is also a son-in-law. ”

Liu Xie was completely confused: "However, Yao Shun is his uncle's son-in-law, isn't Shun Yu Zen?" ”

It is Xun "hehe" Yile: "Yu's father was killed by Shun, but he did not avoid revenge when he heard about his actions, he was loyal to Junye, and he did not avoid revenge when he heard about the throne, who is he loyal to?" "I've finally taken you to the ditch, so it's time to get serious! (To be continued......)