September 1945 can be said to be an eventful year, in which the Central and Eastern European countries first joined the CIS and the World Communist Federation led by the Soviet Union, and then these Central and Eastern European countries happily accepted economic aid from the United States. www.biquge.info At a time when the world was bewildered by the inexplicable foreign policy of the Central and Eastern European countries, it was these Central and Eastern European countries that once again followed the Soviet Union in forming a peacekeeping force in Kosovo, the Commonwealth of Independent States.

The main force of this so-called peacekeeping force was the Soviet Red Army, and General Petrovsky led the Soviet Red Army's 2nd Mountain Infantry Corps, 52nd Infantry Corps and 100th Armored Brigade from Bulgaria to Kosovo at a rapid pace. There was also an infantry brigade from Albania, an infantry regiment from Romania and Bulgaria, an engineer battalion from Czechoslovakia, a cavalry battalion from Hungary and a communications battalion from Greece. The total strength added up is about the level of an army group.

The peacekeeping force, led by Kosovo Albanian forces, marched until it encountered Tito's Yugoslav People's Army in Pristina. Now things are lively!

Petrovsky demanded that the Yugoslav People's Army immediately withdraw from Pristina and Kosovo to ensure that ethnic Albanians would not be subjected to further violent massacres. Naturally, the Yugoslav side categorically refused this, and instead demanded that the Soviet Union and its servant invading forces get out of Yugoslavia immediately, otherwise they should not blame the guns in their hands for not recognizing people.

Petrovsky did not rush to attack, because he knew that his actions were limited. Governance and Army. The committee had greeted him before, and this peacekeeping operation must be restrained, and it must not first fire at the Yugoslav People's Army. Governance and Army. Consent of the Committee.

So, the only thing Petrovsky could do at this time was to immediately report back to the situation and wait for the government. Governance and Army. Committee. And at this time in Moscow, the government. The nine elders of the ruling bureau also gathered together, not to discuss anything, but to wait for Tito's reply.

Yes, as soon as the CIS decided to send peacekeeping troops to Yugoslavia, the CIS sent a telegram to Tito, informing Tito of the CIS's decision and hoping that he would respect the CIS decision and withdraw from Kosovo immediately.

One can imagine how angry Tito was at this time, and he almost roared and dictated a reply telegram: "Has the Soviet Union officially declared war on Yugoslavia?" If yes, then Yugoslavia accepted this challenge and would defeat the Soviet aggressors in the same way that the German Nazis had defeated before! ”

In response, the CIS replied: "The Commonwealth of Independent States has no intention of declaring war on any country, and the CIS peacekeeping force entered Kosovo at the invitation of the local Albanians to mediate ethnic disputes, resolve increasingly serious ethnic conflicts, relieve the humanitarian crisis on the ground, and restore peace." This is not a declaration of war against Yugoslavia, the CIS respects the sovereignty of Yugoslavia, but Yugoslavia should also fully respect the right of the Albanians to exist in Kosovo! ”

Tito was taken aback by this reply, because he had thought that this military dispatch was only an act of the Soviet Union's answer, but now it seems that the Soviet Union has coerced a vote of Central and Eastern European countries, and almost all of Yugoslavia's neighbors have participated in this "peacekeeping" operation. The meaning is completely different.

If it had been a unilateral action by the Soviet Union, Tito thought that it would be easy for him to win international support, but if he portrayed the Soviet Union as an aggressor, international public opinion would have favored the Soviet Union. And now the Soviet Union is followed by a vote of small tails, although these small tails are only symbolic of some power, but this symbolism is very fatal. This meant that the whole of Central and Eastern Europe supported the actions of the Soviet Union, which made it very difficult for him to gain international support.

In fact, when Tito asked for help, there were very few countries willing to stand in the same trenches with Yugoslavia and speak out, Britain and the United States expressed their support, Belgium and the Netherlands expressed limited support, and France said that it would not interfere in foreign internal affairs, hoping that the matter would end peacefully as soon as possible. Sweden also expressed its support, but it was only a rhetorical cannon, after all, Sweden was also close to the Soviet Union and did not want to cause trouble for Yugoslavia. As for the other European countries, which were almost one-sided in support of the Soviet Union, shouting that the armed conflict in Kosovo must be ended, that the basic right of the Albanians to exist must be guaranteed, and that the genocide led by Tito must be stopped, this is an evil neo-Nazi act.

To tell the truth, such international public opinion was very unfavorable to Tito, not to mention putting pressure on the Soviet Union, but all the pressure fell on his side. Tito was immediately entangled, it's not that he didn't know what to do, obviously, it was impossible for him to give up Kosovo, not because of how important Kosovo is, and this is a symbol, once he gave in on the Kosovo issue, it means that his plan to integrate Yugoslavia into a whole is completely bankrupt, and then the Serbs will still be Serbs, the Croats will still be Croats, and the Albanians and Muslims will still be the same, even if Kosovo is not directly independent, this is tantamount to smashing Yugoslavia as a whole, Maybe there will be nothing to do in the past ten or twenty years, or even in his lifetime, but once he dies, once the new generation of Yugoslav leaders can no longer control the situation, then immediately the country will become a mess, and this is the greatest tragedy!

Therefore, Tito knew that he must not give in easily, and he must withstand the pressure of the Soviet Union. But he also has doubts in this regard, after all, the Soviet Union's momentum this time is really too exaggerated, using almost a group army, and also coercing a little brother, if this cannot achieve its goal, will not the CIS become a joke in the future?

But Tito again had a fluke mentality, what if the USSR was bluffing? After all, it is not cost-effective to risk a full-scale development with Yugoslavia for the sake of one Kosovo and the Albanians, right? So, at this moment, Tito is making the final trade-off, and whether it will be soft or hard will soon be known.

Taking advantage of Tito's decision, let us leave Yugoslavia for the time being and go to China to have a look, where things are about to come to light.

The Marshall-led peace talks were fruitful, at least on paper, with both parties accepting the agreement and willing to form a coalition government. Marshall, however, had no hope for a coalition government in China.

In a letter to his wife, he wrote: "During the peace talks, there was constant friction between the two sides, a small fight in three days and a big fight in two days, and the Kuomintang side was constantly looking for trouble, and the T Communist Party did not hesitate to fight back. In my opinion, this negotiation is just a drag on time, and once the KMT has completed its preparations for war, it doesn't matter whether there is an agreement or not! ”

Marshall's judgment was very accurate, and on the seventh day after the negotiations were agreed, large-scale armed clashes broke out between the communists in northern Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Gansu, and Ningbo, and Henan. It can be said that the civil war has broken out in full force!

From a broader historical perspective, the large-scale civil war between the two sides after the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression is, to a large extent, still a continuation of the civil war from 1927 to 1937.

I have to say that things in China are so complicated and interesting, when the Japanese full-scale invasion of China began in 1937, the two sides finally came together under the pressure of the ********, and joined hands to resist the Japanese invaders with the spirit of "brothers Ni on the wall, and jointly resist foreign humiliation". But despite this, during the entire period of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the conflicts and frictions between the two sides of the Communist Party also continued, and in a sense, this was a "fight but not break" style of war that was fought in the civil war in response to foreign enemies.

However, with the surrender of Japan, there is no need for this mode of fighting but not breaking, and there is no foreign enemy, and the brothers will naturally continue to build the wall. In particular, as the nominal central government, the real power of the Kuomintang government is in the hands of Chiang, and he will not allow the phenomenon of "one country, two masters" to continue to exist under any circumstances.

At this time, more than 1.3 million Japanese troops invading China (excluding the Kwantung Army) have become defeated troops waiting to be disarmed and sent back to China after surrendering (there are still a considerable number of puppet troops, of course, as the implementers of Chiang's curve to save the country, a considerable number of puppet troops are actually scraping the army), it is conceivable that the territory and weapons left by the Japanese invading army are the biggest "fat meat", and no one wants this huge batch of equipment to fall into the hands of the other party.

Those of us who have taken history classes all know that because Jiang has always been passive resistance in the later stage of the Anti-Japanese War, the real elite of the scraping army are concentrated in the southwest and northwest regions, which are quite far away from the Japanese-occupied areas. So at that time, Lao Chiang thought of a crooked trick and ordered that the 18th Army (Eighth Route Army) was not allowed to accept Japan's surrender.

According to the "History of the War of Rebellion" compiled by Chiang after "the mainland annihilated 100 million enemies and occupied Taiwan", it is recorded: "The units of the group army (18th group army) should be stationed in the same place and stand by, and the troops fighting in each theater should be under the jurisdiction of the commanders of each theater, and should not act without authorization!" ”

Lao Jiang put it bluntly, he did not allow the T Communist Party to accept the surrender of the Japanese invaders, and was ready to swallow the fat alone. Naturally, this kind of non-authentic approach will not be accepted by the Communist Party. In this regard, Lao Jiang was naturally angry, and wrote in "The History of the War": "...... The troops who were ordered to march north along the Pinghan and Jinpu roads, as well as the surrendered and received troops, not only restricted their movements, but also changed from the 'occupied area' to the 'red zone' in most areas of the three provinces of Shanxi, Hebei and Shandong. In the end, although we tried our best to transport it by air and sea to Jinan, Qingdao, Pingping, Tianjin, and other cities, we could only control the point line due to the limitation of troops, and we were unable to control the overall situation. ”

From this point of view, we can draw a conclusion, that is, the scraping army is indeed beyond the reach of North China, East China and other places, and the reason why it is so whipping is nothing more than Lao Chiang's passive anti-Japanese preservation strength, if he does not shrink so much, as for the inability to grab the territory? Of course, this also proves from another side that the main force in the battlefield behind enemy lines is the T Communists, and if the T Communists are really the so-called guerrilla and not attacking, can they control such a vast area?

This is still in history, in this time and space, the situation of scraping the army is even worse. Because of the strength of the T Communist Party, it swept North and East China in the stage of the major counteroffensive at the end of the Anti-Japanese War, and both rural areas and large and medium-sized cities fell into the hands of the T Communist Party. So Jiang didn't even catch Qingdao, Jinan, Ping, Tianjin and other big cities. In this area, let alone the control point line, there is no sense of presence at all.

Even, this is still a hand left by the T Gong, if you really want the T Gong to let go and rob the Scraping People's Party, I am afraid that the lifeblood of the Jianghuai generation of Lao Jiang will have to fall into the hands of the T Gong, who makes Lao Jiang here have no sense of existence?

Of course, in the Jianghuai generation, Lao Jiang is not completely without a sense of existence, but his sense of existence is reflected in a more embarrassing way, that is, the vast puppet army, in Henan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi This region, the number of puppet troops is as high as 680,000! Most of them were in accordance with Chiang's instructions to save the country, now that the Japanese have been defeated, the salvation of the country can be regarded as a successful completion, this group of puppet troops as the vanguard of the old Chiang to snatch the fruits of victory, but played a major role. It's just disgraceful that "History of the War" actually said that the 680,000 puppet army blocked the process of recovering the country, and if there were no 680,000 puppet army, the action would be faster.

Well, people can't be too shameless. Anyway, these 680,000 puppet army brothers are probably very injured, on the one hand, they have to "endure humiliation and burden" undercover, and on the other hand, they have to help President Jiang grab the territory and carry the black pot, it is not easy for these unsung heroes of the party-state to be honest!

To put it briefly, in August 1945, the general situation in China was that Northeast China was controlled by the Soviet Red Army, most of North China and East China were in the hands of the T Communists, and in northern Shaanxi, that is, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningbo and Inner Mongolia, were also under the control of the T Communists. In addition, the Communist Party also has guerrilla units such as the Liangguang detachment in South and Central China.

On the other hand, the Kuomintang generally controlled Shaanxi, Shanxi, part of Henan, Jianghuai, South China, and most of Central China. The only local forces that can pose a greater threat to Jiang are Yan Laoxi and the Gui faction, among which the strength of the Gui faction is very well preserved, and even Lao Jiang is a little jealous.

Therefore, at the beginning of the civil war, Lao Chiang believed that the main tasks of the scraping army were: first, to eliminate the Central Committee of the T Communist Party entrenched in northern Shaanxi, and second, to recover East China and North China. To this end, he developed a plan for a full-scale offensive. Hu Zongnan led the main force of the northwest army to solve Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia, while Yan Laoxi went to deal with the T Communist Party in northern Shanxi. The rest of the scraping army, the New First Army, the New Sixth Army and Chen Cheng's 18th Army of the Civil Engineering Department, the three trump cards were mainly aimed at Henan and Hebei, while the 74th Army and the Fifth Army were responsible for northern Jiangsu and Shandong.

In Chiang's opinion, the main force of the T Communist Party can be eliminated with a single blow, and after the main force of the T Communist Party is eliminated in the Guannai, it is also expected that the Soviet Union will be forced to withdraw its troops from the northeast with the support of the United States and Britain!

I have to say that Chairman Chiang's idea is good, but there are problems with his sincerity. Why? There is no problem in suppressing the Communist Party with the five main forces of the party-state as the core, but after the baptism of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, these five main forces are no longer what they used to be, and they are steadily higher than other troops, and even higher than the descendants of the Central Army. This can be said to be five tigers, if you want to control these five tigers, you must at least match a few lions, right?

However, the question is, is there a lion among the scraping army? Is there the kind of lion who can lead thousands of troops and horses to serve the people on his own? From the perspective of actual ability, this kind of lion must exist, but Jiang may not be able to use it. For example, Sun Liren.

Objectively speaking, Sun Liren performed very well in the Anti-Japanese War, and the new army among the five main forces was pulled out by this one-handed. Moreover, in the entire scraping army, the expeditionary force stationed in India accounted for two of the five main forces, which shows that the combat effectiveness of the expeditionary force stationed in India at that time was still quite strong. This can also be seen from the fighting situation in the Northeast after the outbreak of the civil war in history, with the New First Army and the New Sixth Army as the main body, the Guanwai Scraping Army once made Lin Shuai quite embarrassed.

But Sun Liren is also a big dead end, the first is not Whampoa background, this one graduated from the Virginia Military Academy in the United States (not the legendary West Point Military Academy, the West Point Military Academy back then was not a casual entry, Barton also mixed in Virginia for a year in order to study West Point, so Sun Liren and Patton are also considered alumni). And after returning to China, he also took the road of the tax police regiment of the Ministry of Finance to enter the scraping army, this tax police regiment does not belong to the central lineage, it can only be regarded as Song Ziwen's personal army, although the equipment is very good, but politically it is naturally separated from Jiang someone's Whampoa department.

And it is precisely because of Sun Liren's American background and his good performance in Myanmar that Americans appreciate him quite a lot, and they really thought about helping Sun Liren to replace ******. In this way, how could Jiang someone trust Sun Liren. At the beginning of the civil war in history, because Sun Liren's prestige was there, he had to "reuse", but once Sun Liren's performance in the Northeast was not so good (there were many reasons), he was immediately removed in the name of not being able to fight.

In this time and space, it is no exception, and the American adviser did suggest that ****** hand over the New First Army and the New Sixth Army to Sun Liren's command, but how dare Jiang agree? The two main trump cards are handed over to an outsider, and with Lao Jiang's personality, there is still sleep left this night?

In fact, Sun Liren's reputation in the expeditionary force system is not the highest one, in this system Sun Liren is not actually the commander-in-chief, he is just the commander of the new First Army, and there are many people at the same level as him, such as Liao Yaoxiang in the Indian army system, this is the commander of the New Sixth Army, and the first division commander of the New First Army is not Sun Liren, he was the commander of the new 38th Division back then, and the commander above is Zheng Dongguo (what is more interesting is that whether it is Liao Yaoxiang or Zheng Dongguo, they are all Hunanese, and they are really not an army without Hunan).

And the reason why Sun Liren's reputation was much greater than the above two back then, in fact, to put it bluntly, the most fundamental reason was his American background, the United States as the mainstay of World War II was naturally much stronger, and Americans liked him and praised him, so there were naturally many more people who bought it...... (To be continued.) )