Shi Xun asked what Hua and what Yi was, and Sima Min, who was sitting in the forefront, hurriedly raised his hand - he could only speak by raising his hand, which was also a unique rule of Shi Xun's lectures.

Immediately nodded to Sima Min, Sima Youda stood up, first bowed, and then replied: "Mr. Zeng Yun: 'China has great etiquette, so it is called Xia; There is the beauty of uniforms, which is called Hua. 'He who knows the beauty of no obedience and no etiquette, that is, the four yi, like beasts. ”

In fact, speaking seriously, "the greatness of etiquette" Yunyun was not said by Xun, but he copied it - the source is the Chinese language of Kong Yingda's "Five Classics of Justice" in the early Tang Dynasty. Even Shixun can't remember exactly when he was lecturing and was casually sold out, and he was actually memorized by the students.

So he waved his hand, motioned for Sima Min to sit down, and then looked around at everyone: "What Youda said is true, but it is a superficial theory, and it has not been obtained." What do you say? China has great etiquette, why not Siyi? There is the beauty of uniforms, why not Siyi? Etiquette, uniforms, two and one, where did they come from? Why can't you do it?

"Chinese, Xu Shuzhong's "Shuowen Jie Zi" Yun 'Rong Ye', Si Meiyan also, Xia Zhe, Yun 'Chinese people also'. The Book. Wu Cheng "Naiyun: 'Huaxia is barbaric, reckless. 'To live in the middle and to defend is China; Cloth outside, is called Nanban, Beirong, Dongyi, Xidi, to say the four Yi. ”

It's all a cliché up here, but there's something new next. Shi Xun said: "Today's southern barbarians, such as Wuling Barbarian and Shanyue Ye; Beijung, such as Xianbei and Karasuma; Dongyi, such as Goguryeo and Zhuhan; Sidi, such as Qiang, Hu Ye. He is naked without clothes? No article and Sudiya? He has no etiquette and is really equivalent to a beast? "Don't these foreigners wear clothes or paint patterns? Is there no rule in their ministry? Why is it said that only China has "great etiquette" and "beauty of uniforms"?

Then we have to talk about the issue of social development. The ancient times described in the texts of the years. Although it is not entirely fictional. There are also many real contents, such as Chao, Suiren, Fuxi, Shennong, etc., the technology is still extremely underdeveloped, and the people are extremely poor, but Confucians often regard it as frugal customs, and it is unlikely to explore the truth of social progress from it. Yesun has to say a good thing about this, and instill some new ideas in the disciples.

"In the world of Fuxi, people do not know how to plant hemp and breed silkworms. There is no ability to weave silk, but to decorate the skin and braided hair to keep out the cold ears, and today's Yidi, how similar? Before Shennong's cultivation of crops, people only fished and hunted, and occasionally livestocked, how similar is it to today's Beirong? At the beginning of the cultivation of crops, slash and burn was also known as 'Lieshan' in Shennong. How similar is it to today's Nanban? It is to know people and be one. The four Yis of China are the ears of the elderly and young children. "People are all the same, there is no distinction between superior and inferior, the biggest difference is that our culture and technology are more advanced than theirs.

"Fishing, hunting, and animal husbandry are water-chasing and grass-dwelling; Slash-and-burn farming, the waste of the field must be migrated. If there is no fixed place, there is no permanent property, and if there is no permanent property, there is no perseverance. And the Central Plains rivers and rivers are irrigated, there is the beauty of the soil, and the five grains are sown after the millet teaching, and the people are relocated, gradually becoming settlements, and the people are breeding, and Si has become China. The people are also taught by the saints, and the etiquette is great, and the beauty of the uniforms is beautiful. Siyi does not know the crops, but it is not the great etiquette and the beauty of the uniform. "There is a fundamental difference between the advanced agricultural peoples and the nomadic peoples, the fishing and hunting peoples, and the primitive agricultural tribes.

So what is the intention of Yexun when he says these words? There are three uses, first: "There is Yu, there is summer, but Henan is also; Chengtang Jubo, there is Shandong; Fengming Xiqi is about Long; Zhao Zhi and Di, Si Youshuo, and; Qin Zhi extinguished Chu, Si has Jing and Yang; Emperor Xiaowu was also the Zhao family, so he had friends and wide. Or it was sown by the Chinese, or it entered China for Yidi, and the etiquette was passed down and the uniforms were distributed. "China has not existed since ancient times, but has gradually formed and expanded to the point where it is today.

"If Yi Di enters China, then China will enter China, and China will enter Yi Di, then Yi Di will ......"

This sentence spread very widely in later generations, but the root cause was Xu Heng's theory made up for Meng Yuan's rule of China, which means: Even if Yidi occupies Chinese land, it can be regarded as China. It's just that Xun sells this sentence today, and it's really not for the sake of Yidi's eyes, because it can be reinterpreted from another angle-

"What do you mean? Yi Di into China, but the evil can not defeat the good, the ugly can not win the beauty, it is necessary to learn its etiquette from its crops, use its uniforms, but can live for a long time, this is Chu Zhi finally China also. China enters Yidi, and the land may not be able to harvest, and the etiquette and uniforms will also be lost, and they will eventually be lost. "Xu Heng, you die, I will say this in the future.

"It is the land of the old Yidi, the people of China may not live for a long time, it is the old Xiaowu Emperor who drove the Huns to Mobei, and Mo Nan is now born Xianbei, Karasuma, thinking that the people who do not raise the army and can live for a long time, pedantic views. But China doesn't take Mo Nanye? Neither is it. It is known that Yi Di has existed for a long time, and it is inexhaustible to kill, and if China retreats, Yi Di advances, and Mo Nan does not defend, and Mo Bei will eventually be a disaster for China. "We must regularly attack the northern nomads, and we must firmly hold Shuo and the two states, otherwise the hinterland of the Central Plains will be in danger!

"Things are different in the South. The north is bitter cold, only wild grass grows, and it is difficult to cultivate...... "At least the technology of these years has not been able to expand the agricultural area to the north on a large scale," although the south is hot, it can also be sown, although it is hidden in the mountains and forests by Wulingman, Shanyue, etc., if it is made by the land, a few generations later, it will also be the Chinese Emperor Xiaowu who cut down Nanyue because of this, and the counties and counties. "The barbarians in the south are also to be defeated, but the purpose is not to build a steel defense line, but to continue to expand and expand the territory.

The different attitudes towards different Yidi -- in fact, strictly speaking, they all have the same attitude, that is, fighting, the difference is whether or not to occupy their land, and whether they can be integrated into China (merged into the Chinese family) -- this is the second question that Xun said.

"Mencius Yun: 'I have heard of those who use Xia to change to raze, and I have not heard of those who have changed to raze.'" Chen Xiang also ...... to blame him, "Chen Xiang, as a student of the Confucian disciple Chen Liang, went to follow Xu Xing, a peasant family who was considered by Mencius to be of low level, and Mencius had a saying-"The way of Xia is definitely too simple, the following is from the top, the people are cultivated, and the people are from above, and the people will be poor." However, Chen Xiangzhi learned from Xu Xing, and he had to change from Xia to Yiye? Even those who have an abnormality in the governor ...... "Don't think that because our culture is advanced, we will inevitably not be assimilated by backward nations, and we must always be vigilant against the impact and destruction of advanced culture by backward culture -- this is the third problem that Hoon said."

Finally, to sum up: "It is because of the soil of crops, the labor of cultivation and weaving, the great etiquette and the beauty of uniforms, which is to become China." The four provinces are not as good as China, because there is no land for crops and no labor for cultivation and weaving, making the people poor and poor. China can harvest its land and teach its people to harvest; If you can't collect its land, you will chase it away, so that it will not be a disaster - Sinai used Xia to change Yi, and Emperor Xiaowu received Nanyue, Wuyuan, and Shuofang. The people of Yidi are poor and have the nature of beasts, and they do not want to get the land of China every day, but they do not know the crops, so they make China even more poor - Sinaixia has changed to Yi, and now the five plains and Shuofang are also.

"It was the old son who said: 'Yidi has a king, but it is better to have nothing than Zhuxia.'" For the summer there is no king, and the etiquette is in; Yi Di can also be educated without a king, if there is a king, he will become a beast! "If the ethnic minorities don't join together, it will be easy for us to assimilate them, and once we hold a group or even establish a country, it will be dangerous-" I asked the King of Wei to analyze the Xiongnu and Karasuma tribes, that is, for this reason. ”

Traditional Chinese view foreigners, despise their backwardness, hate their intrusion, and have the same viewpoint; However, the attitude towards foreigners tends to go to two extremes: one is that since foreigners are backward, they are not enough to be a problem for China, and as long as they teach etiquette, they will be able to assimilate; Second, they believe that foreigners cannot be taught, and it is necessary to clearly define the "distinction between Huayi and Yi" and strictly guard against it, so as to ensure China's tranquility.

As far as this year is concerned, although the powerful dynasty of great unification has gone into decline, after all, the emaciated camel is bigger than the horse, and the foreign race has not yet been able to threaten the land of its heartland, and the basic public opinion is still inclined to the former attitude. Therefore, the Chinese at this time had a strong tolerance and ability to absorb foreign cultures, but at the same time lacked sufficient vigilance against foreign invasions - "thinking that reading the scriptures and obeying the Chinese chapter is also Chinese." And if you don't know that the nurtured ones remain unchanged, you will never be able to do so. ”

Later, the "Five Hu Chaohua", the first to set off the anti-flag Liu Yuan, that is, quite a Sinicized Xiongnu nobleman, the history books said that he "young and studious, the teacher on the party Cui You, Xi "Mao Poems", "Jingshi Yi", "Ma's Shangshu", especially "Spring and Autumn Zuo's Biography", "Sun Wu Art of War", slightly recited it, "History", "Han", Zhuzi, all overview. However, as long as his tribe has not been able to change the traditional living habits, the vast majority of the Xiongnu have not been sinicized, and once Liu Yuan returns, he will become a Xiongnu Shan Yu, not a Chinese monarch.

The Chinese had to go through many painful lessons before they could understand this truth, such as the "Five Hu Chao Hua", such as the "Anshi Rebellion", such as the remnant Tang Five Dynasties, so in the Song Dynasty, the ideological tendency of the relevant Huayi gradually leaned to the right and went to the other extreme, and finally led to the overall conservatism of the Ming and Qing dynasties, and the vitality gradually lost. But that's for later, and in contrast to this tendency, there is no need for Xun Shang to say more.

In response to today's symptoms, Shi Xun mainly taught the students to clarify the "Huayi debate" and be vigilant against the "Xia change in Yi", and on the issue of annexation and integration of foreign races, we should not only look at the surface (using Chinese etiquette and uniforms), but also see the deep (whether it has really changed production and living habits). And this is not a problem that can be solved in one or two generations - "Chu Zhi attached to Zhou, in the world of King Wen, and Shang Drowned Zhao Wang Hanshui, asked Jiuding Luoyang, to Qin Zhizhi, and began to enter China." It is known that the use of summer to change the raze, and it should also be practiced for several generations, and the beginning of the test. ”

If we can raise our vigilance against foreign races on the premise of maintaining inclusiveness, we may not be able to follow the abyss of "five chaotic China" again.

After the presentation, even if the students are free to ask questions. Suddenly, a person stood up and asked, "Mr. Wen has made Xiong Monan and accepted his chief as a fake son, are you?" How is it contrary to what is said? (To be continued......)