Japan finally surrendered, and the country that had caused great disasters to the people of Asia and the United States finally succumbed, and people all over the world, who had been deeply traumatized by the war, wept when they heard the edict of surrender read by the Emperor of Japan on the radio.

On September 2, 1944, under the witness of history, the Japanese government signed a surrender agreement with the Allies on the Chinese battleship "Zhonghua" anchored in Tokyo Bay, and Japan officially surrendered.

After Japan's surrender, China, the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union respectively occupied the Japanese archipelago on 25 August, with the Chinese National Defense Forces being ordered to occupy Kyushu and northwestern Japan, the US troops stationed in central Japan and the northeast, the British troops occupying Shikoku, and the Soviet Union occupying Hokkaido.

Although the war is over, the question of the follow-up to the war needs to be resolved urgently, first of all, how to deal with Japan, whether to divide and occupy Japan, directly dismember Japan, or rebuild the Japanese government, which is a very big issue facing the allies.

The Soviet Union believed that the Japanese people were deeply poisoned by the spirit of bushido and militarism, and that if Japan was not dismembered, then Japan would become a serious problem for the allies in another 10 or 20 years.

But the United States and Britain did not agree, first of all, because there is an example of Germany, and it is precisely because of the mishandling of Germany after World War I that it caused World War II and experienced two world wars. Both the United States and Britain and other countries are afraid and tired, so when dealing with the issue of defeated countries, the United States and Britain and other countries do not only know how to gobble up like they did during World War I.

The United States and Britain believe that the Allies should pay great respect to Japan, a once independent country, and that it is still an independent power, and that they should not permanently occupy Japan under any circumstances, because this will become the trigger for World War III.

The United States and Britain believed that Japan should be given political support, that is, the formation of a new democratic government with the support of the Allies, and the reparation of the losses caused by Japan to other countries. Trials are held on top of those who have committed war crimes in the war.

Throughout. None of the Chinese government made its own statement, and the Allies repeatedly asked the Supreme Commander in Japan, General Wei Lihuang, to the answer that they were waiting for the outcome of the negotiations at home.

On September 15, 1944, the Chinese government made its own demands to the Allies. The first is that Japan must disarm its own army. In addition to having police officers to maintain law and order. can never have any armed forces; The second is the dissolution of the government, all war criminals must be tried internationally, and no one can escape justice for any reason; third, the return of Chinese property and cultural relics looted during the war; the fourth is to compensate for war losses; the fifth is to return the Ryukyu Islands to China; Finally, Japan's future national education must be supervised by the Allies.

China is a victorious country though. However, when dealing with the defeated Japan, it did not put forward unacceptable conditions, which surprised the United States and Britain and other countries, knowing that in the past few decades, Japan has always regarded China as its greatest enemy and has carried out military aggression against China for more than a decade.

In particular, it is indeed admirable that the Chinese Government has taken the initiative to propose an international trial of Japanese war criminals. You must know that according to the Soviets' thinking, they think that the captured war criminals are all guilty of crimes anyway, and they are shot or hanged, so why spend time and money for them?

However, the United States, Britain, France, and Western countries believe that those people are now only defendants in captivity, and whether they are war criminals and to what extent are war criminals still to be tried. In the course of the trial, not only should the defendants be given full opportunities to defend themselves, and they should choose their own lawyers, and the costs should be paid by the court.

The Chinese government, on the other hand, believes that if those people are executed without trial, for the Germans and Japanese, who do not know the truth, those people are national heroes, not war criminals, but the allies are aggressors and injustices, and only through strict trials can everyone understand that those people are criminals and war criminals against humanity and society.

On October 1, 1944, the foreign ministers of China, the Soviet Union, the United States, and Britain convened a Moscow conference and decided to set up two Allied institutions, one for Germany and the other for Japan.

China did not participate in the disposed institutions, because Germany did no harm to China during the war, and the two sides did not fight face-to-face.

The Far East Commission set up by Washington was responsible for dealing with Japan, which was composed of representatives from the Soviet Union, the United States, China, Britain, Australia, New Zealand, and India. On October 10, the Far East Commission adopted a series of resolutions on Japan: first, the establishment of policies, principles and standards for Japan to comply with the terms of Japan's surrender. The second is to review, at the request of Member States, the relevant measures taken by the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Allied Forces. Finally, the resolution of the two newly established Allied Powers must be approved by a majority of the member states, and must include the Soviet Union, the United States, Great Britain, and China in order to be effective; When the Allied forces pursued their policy toward Japan, they should formulate specific directives in accordance with the decisions of the Far East Commission, and then convey the directives to the Allied Supreme Commander for implementation, etc.

The war unleashed by the German, Italian, and Japanese fascists brought great calamities to all mankind, and in order to punish the heinous crimes of the criminals, it was also decided at the Moscow Conference that the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Allied Forces in Japan must severely punish the Japanese war criminals.

On December 10, 1944, in accordance with the decision of the Supreme Council of the Allied Powers, the Special Declaration on the establishment of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East in Tokyo, as well as the Charter of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, were officially promulgated.

Under the rules, the Tribunal has jurisdiction to try and punish war criminals in the Far East who have committed crimes against peace, violations of the laws and customs of war and crimes against humanity. In fact, however, the objects of the Tokyo trial are Class A war criminals (i.e., major or primary war criminals), and the secondary war criminals are tried separately by the aggressor countries.

On December 15, 1944, the International Military Tribunal for the Far East was established in Tokyo, composed of judges from 11 countries, including China, the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union, and the 11 judges appointed by Chen Feng, commander-in-chief of the Allied Asian Theater, were: General Klemore of the United States, Mr. Mei Rujiao of China, Lord Patrick of the United Kingdom, General I.M. Chayanov of the Soviet Union, Sir W. Webb of Australia, S. McDougo of Canada, H. Bernell of France, B.V.A. Rollin of the Netherlands, E. H. Northcroft of New Zealand, R. M. Barr of India, D. Hananila of the Philippines. Sir Webb was appointed President.

In accordance with the provisions of the Charter of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East. The Attorney-General, designated by the Supreme Allied Commander-in-Chief, shall be responsible for the investigation and prosecution of complaints of war criminals falling within the jurisdiction of the Tribunal and, if necessary, shall provide legal assistance to the Supreme Commander-in-Chief; "Any United Nations in a state of war with Japan shall have the right to appoint a Companion Public Prosecutor to assist the Attorney-General."

Accordingly, J.B. Keenan of the United States was appointed as Attorney General and concurrently served as a Solicitor Prosecutor in the United States, while the other Associate Attorneys were Xiang Zhejun of China, A. S. Commins Carr of the United Kingdom, S. A. A. Golonsky of the Soviet Union, A. J. Mansfield of Australia, H. G. Nolan of Canada, W.G.F.B. Mulder of the Netherlands, R. H. Quilian of New Zealand, G. Menon of India, and P. Roberts of the Philippines.

At the same time as the establishment of the Far East Military Tribunal, the Allies also set up military tribunals to try Japanese war criminals in Nanjing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou in China, Manila in the Philippines, and Boli in the Soviet Union.

On January 2, 1945, the International Military Tribunal for the Far East accepted the indictment of 75 defendants, including Hirohito, Okamura Ninji, Hideki Tojo, and Hiroki Hirota, from the International Prosecutor's Office of the Allied High Command.

The first batch of 34 Class A war criminals to be tried in Tokyo was Emperor Hirohito, Hideki Tojo, Kenji Dohihara, Hiroki Hirota, Seishiro Sakagaki, Hyotaro Kimura, Ishine Matsui, Akira Muto, Ninji Okamura, Fumima Konoe, Yuki Anami, Motomo Sugiyama, Shuaki Okawa, Yosuke Matsuoka, Shiro Ishii, Shusei Nagano, Sadao Araki, Shingoro Hashimoto, Shunroku Hatakera, Kiichiro Hiranuma, Naoki Hoshino, Koichi Kido, Kuniaki Koiso, Minamijiro, Keijun Oka, Hiroshi Oshima, Kenri Sato, Shigetaro Shimada, Sadachi Suzuki, Konobu Kaya, Toshio Shiratori, Mijiro Umezu, Shigetoku Togo, Aoi Shigemitsu.

In history, a total of 8 Class-A war criminals in Japan have escaped trial, the first of which is the Japanese Emperor Hirohito. At that time, it was not included in the list of war criminals because of the cover of the United States Government. Also sheltered by the U.S. military is the murderer Shiro Ishii, who was originally the head of Japan's Unit 731.

The second was the commander-in-chief of the Japanese invasion of China, Okamura Ninji, who was acquitted because Okamura was protected by Lao Chiang.

Besides. Former Japanese Prime Minister Fumima Konoe, as well as Yukichi Anami and Motomo Sugiyama, committed suicide in fear of crime. Thus he escaped trial; There is also Shuaki Okawa, director of the East Asia Research Institute of the South Manchurian Railway Company. This person was the author of "The History of the Two Thousand Six Hundred Years" and other best-selling books during the war, an active propagandist of Japanese fascism, and a guide to the ideology of the Japanese military department. After the war, Okawa Shuming was listed by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East as one of the 28 Class A war criminals, but because this person pretended to be crazy and stupid. Thus he escaped trial.

There are also former Japanese Foreign Minister Yosuke Matsuoka and Chief of Naval Operations Nagano Shushen, these two unlucky guys died of illness during the trial so they also escaped the trial, and now the war ended early, and the trial was also carried out early, so none of these people ran away, and all of them were sent to military courts.

The Tokyo Trial lasted nearly one year, from January 1945 to December 1945. During this period, a total of 1,118 court sessions were held, court records were more than 68,000 pages, 819 witnesses testified in court, more than 134,000 pieces of documentary evidence were presented, and the verdict was 3,213 pages long, surpassing the Nuremberg Trial, which can be called the largest international trial in human history, and it was also one of the major political events that occurred in the world after the end of World War II.

Because during the war, Chen Feng specially assigned people to collect evidence of the crimes of the Japanese army, so when the Chinese government accused the Japanese invading army of committing hundreds of crimes in China, each of them provided a large amount of authentication and physical evidence for the court, and the Chinese government alone had more than 90,000 photos and tens of thousands of other documents and materials killed in the court, and more than 134,000 pieces of evidence presented in the entire court, of which 95% came from China.

From December 15 to 25, 1945, the International Military Tribunal for the Far East read out a verdict of several hundred thousand words, sentencing 14 people, including Hirohito, Okamura Ninji, Konoe Fumima, Anami Yuki, Shiro Ishii, Sugiyama Moto, Okawa Shuaki, Tojo Hideki, Kenji Dohihara, Hirota Hiroki, Seishiro Sakagaki, Hyotaro Kimura, Ishine Matsui, and Akira Muto.

Eighteen people, including Sadao Araki, Shingoro Hashimoto, Shunroku Hatata, Kiichiro Hiranuma, Naoki Hoshino, Koichi Kido, Kuniaaki Koiso, Minamijiro, Keijun Okata, Hiroshi Oshima, Kenri Sato, Yosuke Matsuoka, Shusei Nagano, Shigetaro Shimada, Sadachi Suzuki, Konobu Kaguya, Toshio Shiratori, and Mijiro Umezu, were sentenced to life imprisonment. He was sentenced to 20 years in prison and 7 years in prison.

At the same time as the Tokyo trial, military tribunals were also set up in Nanjing, Shanghai, Manila, and other places to try Japanese Class B and Class C war criminals, and a total of 8,226 war criminals were tried, of whom 1,937 were sentenced to death. (To be continued......)

PS: The next chapter of "Glorious Mission 1937" is over.,In fact, the text has ended today.,Tomorrow is some side words to be explained.,Let's be the text!