Since the beginning of Chongzhen's 25th year, there are five ways to select talents in the Ming Dynasty: subjects, schools, recommendations, descriptions, and examinations.

However, the subject and the school are actually the same way, and the recommendation is not an exception, and the Quanxu is just an internal assessment of officials.

Therefore, up to now, there are only two ways for first-class citizens of the Ming Dynasty to enter the ruling class, one is the imperial examination, and the other is the examination.

The imperial examination is the traditional reading of the four books, the five classics, the study of the eight articles, the road of the profession, the entrance examination, the township examination, the examination of the palace, and then the official.

The examination is the selection method for the birth of Daming's new education.

Because there is no threshold for entering primary school, and the number of places in secondary school and university is several times the number of people who will try to get tribute in the township examination, so the probability of becoming an official is greater through the examination.

At the beginning, Ming students were still keen on the road of the imperial examination, but gradually found that it was difficult to become an official by taking the road of the imperial examination, so most of them had to enter the new school instead.

And because the number of places in the imperial examination is small and the learning of Confucian managers is the first priority, the monopoly of the imperial examination of the official eunuch scholarly family is more serious.

In the end, more and more students had to be selected into the new school, and by the thirty years of Chongzhen, the new education of the new school has become the mainstream of basic education in the Ming Dynasty.

In addition, there is no obvious difference in political treatment between the two ways of imperial examination and examination to enter the Jinshi.

Even scholars who graduated from new-style education were more likely to enter the popular yamen to take important positions.

For example, the household department prefers the high-level students of the Qian Law Department of the Jingshi University Hall as the officials of the Guanzheng Department, and the Ministry of Officials prefers the high-level students of the Political Science Department of the Jingshi University Hall as the officials of the Guanzheng Officer.

The Ministry of Rites prefers high-achieving students such as the Normal School, and the Ministry of Engineering prefers high-achieving students from the Daming Industrial School.

The Generalissimo's Mansion is mainly to the Ming Army Military Academy and the Ming Shipbuilding School to appoint officers and students, and at the same time, it also sets up officer training bases in the first batch of key universities in the Ming Dynasty, such as the Beijing Normal University Hall and the Daming Industrial School, and will also absorb some professional talents to work in the core institutions of the Generalissimo's Office.

There are even those who can live in the Qianqing Gate of the Forbidden City of the Ming Dynasty directly as soon as they graduate, and His Majesty the Emperor of the Ming Dynasty can be seen no less than five times a day.

At the beginning, more than half of the Jinshi born in the imperial examination will enter the Hanlin Academy to compile history, and some will be selected to serve as professors of Chinese literature in the Ming Higher School and even the University Hall.

But it is difficult to enter the core department of the Ming Empire's rule, for no other reason, they can only write eight strands of writing, and they are no longer suitable for managing an industrialized Ming Empire.

The top of the empire no longer paid attention to the talents selected by the imperial examination, and only served as historians and economists in the academic field.

As a result, many people began to abandon the path of the imperial examination and entered the road of a new school from the beginning.

Even, gradually, graduating from the Beijing Normal University Hall and the Daming Army Military Academy, the Daming Shipbuilding School, the Daming Industrial School, and the Jingshi Normal School became the highest glory for the scholars.

The rulers of the empire also gave priority to the top students who graduated from these schools.

Five years later, the Cabinet officially abolished the centuries-old Guozijian institution, and the school tribute system was abolished.

In the forty-fifth year of Chongzhen, the imperial examination system was also abolished, and Confucianism was only listed as a subject in the university, which was still a popular subject at the beginning, after all, there were still many Confucian scholars in the world.

However, as the scope of Confucianism graduates narrowed, it gradually fell into an unpopular subject.

The money law and politics of the Beijing Normal University, the mechanical and chemical industry of the Daming Industrial School, and the ideology and etiquette of the Beijing Normal School are the most popular subjects, and most of the high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen come from here, but it is also very difficult to enter the examination, and they are all the leaders of the provincial colleges and universities.

There are two main organizational departments for the distribution of scholars at the top level of the empire, one is the official department, and the other is the general political office of the generalissimo's office.

However, the Ministry of Officials is accountable to the Cabinet, so the power to appoint officials is still mainly concentrated in the hands of the Cabinet and the Political Department of the Generalissimo's Office.

In the first ten years, Daming was extremely short of professional talents.

Both the army and the government need a large number of practical professionals to fill in, so the cabinet and the generalissimo's office often compete for people, and many of them have brought lawsuits to Zhu Youzhen.

Later, with the stability of the new education system, there are more and more professional talents like the products produced by the assembly line, and the two departments no longer compete but organize an examination every year according to the vacancies of each department.

The distribution of college graduation packages is still the main way to use talents in the Ming Dynasty, after all, the empire is still relatively short of people.

In short, since the twenty-fifth year of Chongzhen, the education system of the Ming Dynasty has gradually changed from elite education to national education.

There are more and more talents from all walks of life, and first-class citizens who were originally not good at liberal arts studies will no longer be able to be ordinary people because they cannot pass the imperial examination, and they will also become arithmetic masters, and the utilization rate of human resources will be greatly improved, and even the literacy rate will be higher and higher.

Twenty years later, the first-class citizens of the Ming Dynasty have almost no illiterate, and there are few good-for-nothing common people, the proportion of first-class citizens who graduated from primary schools has reached more than eighty percent, and the number of first-class citizens who graduated from universities accounts for about half of the total number of first-class citizens of the Ming Dynasty, this number is close to the China of later generations, and there is still some gap compared with the developed countries of later generations.

However, there are no less than 100 million first-class citizens in the Ming Dynasty, and the base of high-level talents is still quite a lot, which is enough to beat any country in this era.

……

The conversation turned back.

As soon as the court discussion on new-style education at the end of April of the 24th year of Chongzhen ended, Zhu Youzhen returned to the Qianqing Palace, and at this time, Xu Zhaohua came over with a more important note: "Your Majesty, this is the note of the Imperial Court of Henan Province Yushi Lu Zun impeaching the first assistant of the cabinet, Gao Hongtu. ”

According to Zhu Youzhen's new policy rules, the Metropolitan Procuratorate and the Cabinet stand side by side, so the Metropolitan Procuratorate does not go through the cabinet, and is directly handed over from the Department of General Administration to the Department of Ceremonies.

However, because the matter involves a senior member above the second grade, Xu Zhaohua cannot make decisions without authorization even if he is the master of ceremonies, so he needs to be reviewed by Zhu Youzhen personally.

Now I can go to Zhu Youjian before the case, in addition to the self-recommendation of high-ranking officials of the Ming Dynasty, that is, the Metropolitan Procuratorate and the Criminal Department, there are some secret performances, basically the Imperial History of the Metropolitan Procuratorate is the supervision of the cabinet, so Zhu Youzhen will take a closer look, not to mention that there is still a case involving the impeachment of Gao Hongtu, the first assistant of the dynasty.

Therefore, Zhu Youzhen took it, and at the same time couldn't help but look at Xu Zhaohua's expression, seeing that she was slightly blushing and cramped, she naturally understood why she was like this.

But when Zhu Youzhen opened the recital and looked at the content, he couldn't help laughing: "Gao Aiqing has good physical strength, even more powerful than me!" ”

(End of chapter)