After Jiang Yun left, Long Qian's thoughts returned to the trajectory just now. It has been more than eight years since the founding of the People's Republic of China, nine years since the headquarters of the Mengshan Army entered Beijing, and two and a half years have passed since his second presidential term. The relevant departments have begun to comprehensively review and summarize the gains and losses of the past ten years.

Economic construction is the main business of the Government Affairs Yuan, but it has always been concerned about it. The setting of some indicators and some advanced concepts are proposed by themselves (such as standardization and quality management system). I am glad to see that the achievements in economic construction have exceeded my best expectations. The first five-year plan of the national economy, which was implemented from 1914 onwards, certainly exceeded the main indicators, especially in the areas of industry, transportation, education, and taxation. What is lacking is agriculture, but the situation is not bad. The grain problem has been basically resolved, and although exports have been banned and it is still a net importer of grain, the country's grain reserve system has been initially established and can cope with the famine year. According to the statistics bureau of the Government Council, the per capita grain possession (excluding imports) reached 755 catties. Due to the increase in non-staple food, especially meat, the Chinese people have finally gotten rid of hunger and can eat to their heart's content! Of course, the uneven development has led to the uneven agricultural achievements of the provinces, and the northwest is still very difficult, and the state has to transfer a large amount of relief grain to the northwest every year. Stimulated by the achievements of the Heilongjiang Agricultural Reclamation Corps, the Government Council successively proposed the establishment of state-run farms in the northwest, but he vetoed it, and except for Xinjiang, which mainly refers to the northern Xinjiang region, the rest of the region, including Gansu and Qinghai, strictly forbids the destruction of grassland and the cultivation of wasteland, in order to maintain and restore the ecology.

The most critical is industry. Without industrialization, everything is empty talk. What is the use of solving the food problem alone? Fortunately, although I did not study industrial economics, my knowledge was decades ahead of the best talents of this era. He has a vision of systematic construction and comprehensive development that others do not have. Therefore, the first large investment in mining and metallurgy, electricity, transportation, and especially education has brought benefits. For industrial layouts, avoid duplication as much as possible. Strive to achieve balanced development. At present, a number of industrialized center cities have emerged, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Jinan, Wuhan, Nanjing, Xi'an, Chengdu, Taiyuan, Shenyang, Harbin, Tianjin have become regional industrial centers, and each has its own focus. If there is no industrial center city in a region, it will inevitably lead to a lag in economic development. It is absolutely not advisable to build all factories on the coast for the sake of economic efficiency, and it will be even more expensive in the future......

Originally, it was thought that it would take at least two or five years to basically establish a complete industrial system, but it seems that the actual situation is much more optimistic. Perhaps by the end of his second term, primary industrialization will be completed, and the so-called primary industrialization was proposed by him when the first five-year plan was formulated, and there are two criteria. The first is the establishment of a complete range of industrial sectors, and the second is that the main industrial indicators catch up with or surpass Russia. So far, except for the steel index, the rest of the indicators have surpassed Russia's before the outbreak of the European war, in 1913, Russia's steel production was 4.8 million tons, and now it has dropped a lot, and the figures come from different sources. Some say it's down two-thirds, some say it's half. The decline was certain, and he only cared about the numbers. In China, steel production exceeded 4 million tons in 1917. Next year is the final year of the First Five-Year Plan, and the increase in steel output will definitely exceed 500,000 tons. The most important indicator, national income, was $7 billion in Russia in 1913 and $15 billion in China in 1917. Even in recent years, due to debt and other issues, the Chinese dollar has depreciated. 15 billion Chinese dollars must be more than 7 billion US dollars. Not to mention the establishment of a number of relatively advanced industrial sectors in the world, such as automobiles, such as medicine, such as oil, which overwhelmed Japan to the death! It is the textile industry, which has always been inferior compared to Japan. By 1916 it had been reversed. Now, the textile industry has become a major exporter, seizing a large number of Japanese markets, and making Japan's already debt-ridden and financially difficult situation even worse.

Compared with the war against Japan in 1914, the military industrial capacity has been more than doubled, except for some equipment such as optical equipment, which still needs to rely on imports, all the equipment of the Wehrmacht has been localized, and has withstood the test of the harsh war environment. A number of weapons have reached the international advanced level, such as rifles, light machine guns and light artillery. The development of the military industry has promoted the development of basic industry in disguise, and even the most critical opponents have rarely criticized industrial construction.

In the next step, the second five-year plan, new concepts will be introduced, and efforts will be made in efficiency and effectiveness, as well as in enterprise management, lean concepts, standardization and quality management, and the country's industrialization will certainly present a new atmosphere......

The achievements in culture and education are equally great. Especially in education. It has been eight years since the introduction of five-year compulsory education nationwide, and the national literacy rate has exceeded 30 per cent. Among them, there are various types of evening schools and vocational schools. With the exception of the outlying provinces, primary schools have been established in larger villages and towns, and at least one secondary school has been established in each county. In counties with better economic conditions, there is more than one middle school. In order to encourage secondary schooling, the Ministry of Education introduced a bursary system from 1913 onwards to alleviate the pressure on poor families to study. While vigorously grasping basic education, great efforts have been made to grasp higher education, because the country is in urgent need of high-level professionals, especially in science and engineering. At present, there are more than 100 universities in the country, with a complete range of majors, of which 20 key universities have been identified, and a number of practical rooms with clear goals have been established in key universities, which is his advantage, and he has a sharper vision for the direction of cutting-edge technology than the Ministry of Education and other departments...... After so many years, it is still difficult to accept the compliments of colleagues calmly, it is not the level, but cheating. He really wants to sue them, in fact, I am not a person of this era, what I say to sue you is something that has been proven by later generations, but how can I say this? Even if they do, who will believe it? The result is a guide zhì worship, a sincere worship, and even Cai Xiaomin wrote that China has Long Qian, which is really a great blessing for the country. That article made him ashamed, and he threw it directly into a ball and threw it into the wastebasket, which made Wang Zhao think that he was angry, picked out the newspaper from the wastebasket, and read it over and over again, but found no problems?

Industrialization requires large numbers of skilled workers. The solution is to establish vocational schools of all kinds. At least 500 are now registered and running. In the same way that universities have high grants, financial subsidies for vocational schools are also very high.

Compared to economic construction and cultural education. What worries and troubles him is the building of the political system. It is no exaggeration to say that the current political system was designed by him, and it has been running smoothly for eight years. He has always believed that restraint and supervision and procedural justice are the guarantee of fairness, and he has never dared to place his hopes on human nature, and sometimes he does not even dare to believe in it. Not to mention others. Therefore, he has always vigorously supported the authority of the parliament, not only paying more than the government organs in both houses, but also depriving the parliament of the powers that the world takes for granted to the government. Needless to say, the power to supervise the government and the power to approve the budget was all given to the parliament, and even from 1914 onwards, even the appointment of provincial and ministerial officials was nominated by the Council of Ministers or the Presidential Office, and the parliament approved it.

The surge in parliamentary power. In addition to the strong dissatisfaction of the Government Council, it is inevitable that the value of the senators is getting higher and higher, especially the senators, who have become synonymous with arrogance, and there is a popular mantra in the capital, and when the two have a dispute on the street, they immediately blurt out: Do you think you are a senator?

The phenomenon of election bribery inevitably emerged. Since 1916, seven deputies and three senators have been inspected by the Ministry of Inspection. Six of them were prosecuted, and only one was proven to be falsely accused. Restore the position and reputation. Those who are exempt from litigation are also disqualified from parliament. The two houses are fine, but the grassroots councils are even more smoky. Most of the shells in the Council attacking the parliament came from scandals involving grassroots councils. It is undeniable that the supervision and restraint of the grassroots council on the government is not as good as that at the national level, and Long Qian attaches more importance to the election and operation of the grassroots council, believing that only when the grassroots council does perform its duties, the grassroots government will not slack off and break the law. The reality is. There is a big gap between the election and operation of the grassroots council and what he hoped, and Cao Minzhong, the minister of supervision who is known as the black-faced Bao Gong, made such a pessimistic judgment about Long Qian, at least two-thirds of the provincial, city, and county councillors are not qualified, and either he came from the wrong way or acted recklessly. If true. That's a staggering number. Cao Minzhong further believes that the foundation for the common people to participate in politics and discussion is extremely poor, and most of the local councillors are hooligans, lawsuits, and bullies, and some parliaments are actually the underworld (this word was invented by Long Qian), and that there is a worrying tendency that there is a growing trend in grassroots councils, and some historical opposition forces are using it as a stage to realize their political ambitions, such as Xiaogan, Hubei Province, where the political identities of its parliament members are all opposition parties systematized from the Kuomintang. Now he is taking the salary of the Mengshan Army to study how to overthrow the Mengshan Army legally.

That case was actually solved by the State Security Bureau. Very few can be invoked in the law to punish crimes, and the vast majority of them have an irreproachable procedure for entering Parliament. However, the Ministry of Supervision still intervened in the case, arrested a few for economic problems, sentenced them to prison, and sent them to Gansu to clean up the desert. The case has caused a backlash from the top level, including Fang Shengyuan, Hong Yuecheng and Chen Chao, who have taken it very seriously, and Long Qian has made an internal statement about the case, arguing that the country's democratic government must pay a price, and the people's democratic quality needs time to improve. We must not give up eating because of choking, because there is a problem with filial piety, and we must deny our political system. But in private, Long Qian gave the General Administration of State Security stern instructions, don't always stare at foreigners, the real enemy is inside us.

The situation of the Government is also not satisfactory. Corruption is inevitable. In particular, there are many problems in the departments with real power, such as the departments of transport, industry and the military industry, and even the Ministry of Education. In 1917, Long Qian asked Hong Yuecheng to preside over a retreat to discuss the legal system of "large-scale" corruption cases in the government system since the founding of the People's Republic of China. For example, Senator Li Liejun held that the troubled times must be re-enacted, and although it cannot be said that the troubled times are now, it is still necessary to re-enact, and that the current laws should be amended and severely punished for corruption, and that Zhu Yuanzhang should be learned from them. More people, such as Liang Qichao, believe that corruption is an inevitable phenomenon, and compared with the late Qing government, I don't know how many times better now, and they have said something fair for the government. Sadly, the vast majority of people ignore the system, either advocating harsh punishment or acquiescing in corruption, believing that eradication is an unrealistic ideal. Long Qian said in his speech that it is still necessary to rely on the system. The republic is our new state system in history, and it is inappropriate to compare the parliament to the Imperial Historical Observatory. If every government spending was overseen from outside the government system, there would be much less corruption. If engineering construction and bulk procurement are operated in accordance with existing systems, such as the bidding system, the system of office meetings of provincial, municipal and county magistrates, and the audit system during and after the event, instead of having the final say by one person, there will be much less corruption. Long Qian admitted that although this method is a fundamental solution, it takes time and needs to create conditions. He himself agreed with some of Mr. Li Liejun's views and amended the law to increase the punishment for corruption. After that seminar, the Government Council organized a delegation to visit the United States, Britain, Canada, and other countries to study and study the practices of other countries, and the Parliament and the Ministry of Justice revised the relevant legal provisions, but the actual effect remains to be tested.

This brings up a new problem. That is, the question of the legal awareness of citizens. For most of the time in ancient China, the rule of virtue was emphasized, and those who fought lawsuits were regarded as Diao Min. Few people understand the criminal law, civil law and corresponding procedural laws promulgated by the state, let alone use them. The construction of the judicial system has been carried out for several years, and in the words of Wang Chonghui, Wu Tingfang, and others, it is like two skins: the situation in the cities, especially in the big cities, is better, and the situation in the vast rural areas is still the same. In a country with an illiteracy rate of more than 70 per cent, the road to universal access to the law is difficult.

In Long Qian's view, there are three most serious internal issues, one is the relationship between the central and local governments, the second is the problem of the elders of the Mengshan Army, and the third is the issue of his own "successor".

Let's start with the first question. As a matter of fact, the relationship between the central and local governments has been clearly stipulated in the Constitution, and the "Organic Law on Government" also makes it very clear that China is not a federal system in the United States, and the provinces do not have the right of autonomy, but exercise administrative power at the provincial level under the leadership of the central government. However, even the call for provincial autonomy has always existed, and all provinces where the Kuomintang was strong in the past, such as Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangxi, and other provinces, have always been at odds with the central government, and they think that the local power is too small, especially in the area of taxation, the local government thinks that the autonomy is too small, the local government has no financial resources, and the power is concentrated in the central government, and nothing can be done. Jiangsu and Guangdong are also considered provinces with deep roots in the KMT, and the situation is much better because the Mengshan Army took over early or sent many officials.

On the other hand, border provinces, such as Xinjiang, where there is trouble, and Qinghai, Tibet, where religious authority is heavy, are also calling for the expansion of local powers. The central government has taken patient and legitimate means to solve the calls that have come from legitimate channels, and more people have communicated with local officials to solve them, and the central authorities have dealt with the calls of abnormal channels by extraordinary means, and the bad reputation of the State Security Administration has a lot to do with this. Whether it is provincial autonomy or federalism, Long Qian will never allow it. It was the request for ethnic autonomy put forward by Mongolia, Tibet, and Huijiang, and Long Qian did not agree. He believes that at the present stage, it is necessary to adopt a highly centralized political system in order to concentrate limited resources and financial resources to develop the economy, strengthen national strength, and improve people's livelihood. For example, Tang Shaoyi, who served as vice premier, believed that the central government was too much and too dead, and decentralization was conducive to mobilizing local enthusiasm. Xiong Xiling, who succeeded Duan Qirui as finance minister, looked at the problem from the perspective of taxation, holding that the current tax system needs to be adjusted, and the local governments should be given some financial power, and trivial matters should not be reported to the central government.

Centralization and decentralization are unavoidable problems in all dynasties, China is so big, the situation is so complicated, the central government must rely on local governments at all levels to govern, at the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China was a three-level management, that is, the central, provincial, and county, now it is a four-level system, and there is one more city-level, because I feel that the provincial-level government is directly in charge of the county-level is a little "tired", this decision has caused a surge in the number of people who "eat imperial grain" and increased the financial burden. Long Qian once lost his temper about this, criticizing the Government Council for not having a long-term concept -- a government always takes the road of streamlining to bloated, and the lessons of history are there, so why not learn them?

Up to now, the call for decentralization has not subsided, and the parliament has continued to have proposals submitted to the Government Council, and all of them have been put on the shelf. (To be continued......)