Even so, when the officers and soldiers used the same force, promised to give them oxen to plow and plow, and let their wives have enough to eat, the men and men of his command were scattered and longed to live a normal life......

Therefore, the great peasant uprising at the end of the Ming Dynasty can be called a revolution, but it is different from the revolution of conscience under the guidance of a new system and philosophy, in which a team with common ideals is used to achieve the goal of social justice, but a "belly revolution" in which people are forced to rise up and find a way out under the conditions of hunger, hardship, and threats to their lives.

It is true that revolutions, especially the "belly revolution", interrupted the normal accumulation of society, wasted existing material resources, and undermined the established cultural order. If nothing else, the mere fact that the revolution kills people is enough to make us conclude that reform is better than revolution, and this does not need to be discussed, what needs to be discussed is, how did Li Zicheng "change" Chongzhen's "goodness"? Is it through guò legislation? Election? Or impeachment? Recall?

If China wants to get out of the vicious circle of "countering violence with violence" and "controlling chaos", it must abandon the revolutionary method of "only changing the butt and not the dragon chair" for thousands of years, and must seek a peaceful and gradual way to cut into the trend of world civilization and progress.

And in the process of abandoning the traditional mode of thinking and seeking external resources, is it necessary to demonize these ancestors who were desperate and forced to take risks hundreds of years ago? Is it possible to deny their way of solving problems, but also to give them appropriate respect for their strength of personality and will to live in the struggle against oppression and tyranny?

In Zhu Yongxing's personal opinion, when appreciating these deceased ancients, we should have a little more understanding. Be a little less critical; A little more compassion from the shoes of others, and a little less high-minded talk that doesn't hurt when you stand and talk. At least, if he is unfortunate enough to be born among those hungry people. I won't stay at home and starve to death.

Speaking of Chongzhen, Zhu Yongxing has sympathy, but he doesn't think he is a Ming Jun, and even has a lot of contempt for him. What is "a daily management platform, diligent in political affairs", what is "reducing food and removing pleasure, and strictly economizing". It was as if he could have become a Ming Jun, but he just let Li become a disgrace.

The "Rili Platform" is related to the political system of the Ming Dynasty, in order to strengthen the "centralization of power" - in fact, "the centralization of power by the emperor". The thousand-year-old prime minister system was abolished, and the "civil bureaucracy" of "cabinet ministers assisting the government, cabinet departments being parallel, and ministers reciprocating each other" was implemented. In fact, no one believes it. All small things have to be nodded by the emperor. Even the Cabinet Minister is just a "vote". Specifically, Chongzhen is even more "political inspector", suspicious of people, and good at pretending to be smart, who is "daily reason" if he is not "day reason"?

As for "reducing food and removing pleasure and practicing strict economy", it is also useless. changed offices, wore rotten clothes to work, and asked his ministers to "live and work together". A few fewer dishes at mealtime, which is all good. But the key issue is to remove the levy. Disaster relief and poverty relief, so that the people do not follow Li Zicheng to run, this is the top priority. If the common people have something to eat, what does it matter if you hold two theatrical performances in the palace and eat a few more bowls of braised pork?

But when Chongzhen was defeated and the city was destroyed, it was just a "guilty edict", but what was the use of this? For an emperor, the important thing is not to move the subjects, in exchange for a few tears of the people, the important thing is that the imperial court has to come up with money and grain, come up with policies, relieve the victims, and let the people go home to farm, at least stop the tyrannical expropriation, because in the face of the raging general trend of the world, the levy is tantamount to "driving sheep and feeding tigers", but Chongzhen was still urging money and grain until a month before he hanged himself.

It is not so much that Chongzhen has courage, but that he has the courage to use it in the wrong place. Under the state violence, the rich gentry in Jiangnan did nothing, and they wanted to embarrass the common people who were affected by the disaster. To say that the rich gentry have great energy, can they still resist the knife handle? Raising taxes and levying grain, raiding homes if you don't accept it, and making up for the deficiency with more than you lose, shouldn't it be more expensive than using a large army to suppress civil unrest, right?

In fact, the evil consequences of this kind of "forcing Liangshan" were clearly seen by literati and administrative officials at that time, not to mention ordinary people.

In the fourteenth year of Chongzhen, many prefectures and counties in Henan have been obtained by Li Zicheng, and the people of Ji County, Wang Guoning, risked his death to write a letter, reprimanding the imperial court: "Searching for relics from time to time, changing orders every day, chasing people in barren land, knocking out those who are starved of food, can not be without rice for cooking, white bones and meat." But Chongzhen did not come to his senses until he died, thinking that as long as the edict was written with "serious words" and "deep feelings", the people would be driven by it and there would be no complaints.

The reason why "Chongzhen Fifty Phases" has become a historical term is also that Chongzhen's rewards and punishments are unclear, the punishment is too strict, and he does not want to return to the next generation. "Fifty Ministers" refers to his seventeen-year reign and the successive change of 50 cabinet scholars, which has become a joke in history.

Of course, Chongzhen can't be blamed for the death of the Ming Dynasty, but as the "big boss" of this empire, there is a situation where officials are corrupt and soldiers are lax, factories and guards are numerous, the political system is corrupt, and the sky is angry and resentful, is he not responsible? In order to level Liao, repeated levies, to starve millions of people to death, but it was not possible to prevent the Tartars from plundering the Central Plains, is this price too great?

It is undeniable that Chongzhen is a very backbone emperor, and he died in Sheji, which can be regarded as a tragic hero. But this does not mean that he must be an emperor of great talent, and he must be a successful emperor. Just as a good emperor is not necessarily a good person, and a good person is not necessarily a good emperor. To evaluate a person objectively and completely, we must see both his strengths and weaknesses.

Nanming still has the opportunity to prosper, and the Ming Dynasty is in the hands of Chongzhen, although it is a mess, but can it still be worse than the Yongli period when most of the land was occupied? People have infinite sympathy for Chongzhen, just like the death of Yongli, the last emperor of the Southern Ming Dynasty.

"The people of Yunnan are like mourning, and they are mourning for the market. The citizens of the streets pretended to be Ding Jian's mourning clothes, half of them were vegetarian", "The wind and haze were abrupt, the roof tiles were flying, the thunderbolts were three earthquakes, the heavy rain was poured, and there was black gas in the air like a dragon, meandering away", "Thunder and lightning were intertwined, and there were two dragons winding in the air...... The soldiers and civilians are all mourning", "the great darkness, the wind and haze are combined, and the shadows are gone", "the sky and the earth are dark, the soldiers and the people walk together, and those who cry to the Tao are endless"......

In fact, the Yongli regime is the same as the Hongguang and Longwu regimes, and Yongli is not a heroic emperor who can pick up heavy burdens in troubled times. Although some of his personal conduct. Like Chongzhen, it is quite praised by people. But for a country's leaders, it is not enough to have good moral character. And good intentions do bad things. It is no different from doing bad things with bad intentions in terms of results.

Zhu Yongxing talked eloquently, of course, not all of the above, but the central idea is clear. Similar to the "guilty edict" issued by Chongzhen and Yongli, Zhu Yongxing did not shy away from the dereliction of duty and mistakes of the government at the end of the Ming Dynasty, but he also did not praise the "King Chuang" for doing a good job and doing a good job.

Everyone in Kuidong listened attentively. The mark of "thief" is branded on their bodies, and the "Jiashen Rebellion" forced Chongzhen to death, because they always have doubts. A knot that is always difficult to untie. Zhu Yongxing never used such sensitive words from beginning to end, and the words that bitterly stated the maladministration at the end of the Ming Dynasty seemed to excuse their rebellion. The wary and nervous expression slowly eased, and Zhu Yongxing was so frank. They felt somewhat that His Royal Highness Min had a different attitude from the previous court officials and Emperor Yongli.

“…… From the lonely out of Myanmar into Yunnan. He was determined to turn a page of past history, unite the people with lofty ideals who were still determined to resist the Qing Dynasty, drive out the Tartars, and restore China. Zhu Yongxing stretched out his hand and pointed over one by one, "When the great cause of Zhongxing is completed, you are all heroes, and heroes have their own endings." ”

After a pause, Zhu Yongxing continued: "You all have a bottom line. That is to say, they will never surrender to the Tartars, and that is why they will not surrender. You will always be loyal to the court. This was not understood by the previous court officials, nor did the saints, and they didn't even know what reason there was to stop you from betraying. But Lone knows your persistence, knows your bottom line, and knows that you can be trusted. What about you, do you think Lone can be trusted? Are you willing to be a hero of the revival of China? Are you willing to open up a new world with the lonely king? ”

Linguo Gong Li Laiheng was the first to stand up, as far as his eyes could see, the others also got up and stood, and then fell to the ground with Li Laiheng.

"Your Highness is wise and martial, benevolent and generous, and today's heartfelt words will be grateful." Li Laiheng generously expressed his attitude on behalf of everyone, "The last general is willing to smear his liver and brain, and do his best to follow the example!" ”

"The last general is willing to follow His Highness and be a loyal hero."

"The last general wishes that only His Highness will look forward, go to the soup and fight the fire, and never give up."

…………

"Get up, get up." Zhu Yongsheng stood up and helped each other one by one, ordered everyone to sit down again, and he raised the wine glass again, "Come, drink this cup together, the past grievances and entanglements can be discarded, and you must look forward." As for how the history books evaluate, the benevolent will see the benevolent, and the wise will see the wise, and they may have to argue for hundreds of years! Well, Lone doesn't learn from Song Taizu, nor does he learn from Emperor Gao, Lone wants to learn from Emperor Guangwu, this is not a glass of wine to release military power, but a glass of wine to release the previous suspicion. Come on, it. ”

……………

When Zhu Yongxing woke up in a daze, it was already dark, the lights and candles in the house had not been extinguished, and Duan Wan'er was guarding beside him.

"Your Highness is awake." Duan Wan'er called softly, and hurriedly ordered someone to serve the sobering soup, while helping Zhu Yongxing rub his forehead, he complained softly: "Why did you drink so much wine?" Before leaving, the princess told Her Royal Highness to pay attention to her body, and if she knew about it, she would punish her subordinates. ”

"Well, if you don't say it, how can she know?" Zhu Yongxing tilted his head, pillowed on Duan Wan'er's lap, smiled helplessly, and said: "It's the first time I've drunk too much, how can I show honesty if I don't drink happily on this occasion today?" No way! ”

"The wine hurts the body, Your Highness must remember not to make an example!" Duan Wan'er took the decanting soup brought by the maid, carefully fed Zhu Yongxing to drink, and then waved her hand and waved the maid away.

"Oh, did you see my brother today?" Zhu Yongxing's head cleared up a little, so he asked casually.

"See." Duan Wan'er was mixed, hesitated for a moment, and asked: "Your Highness, in Changsha City, the gentry sent a few maids, you want your subordinates to be resettled, can your subordinates keep one or two?" ”

"If no outsiders are present, don't talk about your subordinates." Zhu Yongxing grabbed Xiao Xiang's hand, sniffed at the side of his nose, and asked suspiciously, "What did you leave them for?" Is it a lack of manpower? Their age is not suitable for being maids in the mansion. ”

"It's not for them to be maids." Duan Wan'er sighed softly and said, "My brother is not too young, and there is no one around to take care of him. Those girls, I saw that they were quite knowledgeable and thoughtful, and I thought-"

"I'm afraid it's inconvenient in the military, right?" Zhu Yongxing understood what Duan Wan'er meant, pondered for a while, and said, "Hmm." If you have this intention, ask your brother if he agrees. and married and started a family. Although there is less gathering and more separation, with a family, his heart can also be settled. When it's convenient, I'll transfer him to a place to be a garrison, so you don't have to worry about it all day. ”

"Thank you, Your Highness." Duan Wan'er's face was full of joy, she lowered her head and kissed Zhu Yongxing, and said with a smile: "He must be willing." I'm her sister! ”

Zhu Yongxing smiled, and he didn't want to say anything to disappoint Duan Wan'er, but he drank this sobering soup. didn't feel sleepy for a while, so he hugged Duan Wan'er, and the two chatted casually.

The night darkness deepened day by moment, and the moon gradually let out its light. It's hard to fall asleep, not to mention Zhu Yongxing. The people of Kuidong are sitting together. A few simple side dishes, drinking slowly, like chatting, and discussing.

"How is Emperor Guangwu?" Ta Tianbao scratched his head and asked suspiciously: "It seems that Tang Taizong, Song Taizu and Emperor Gao are not famous?" ”

"You, read more books in the future." Wang Guangxing glanced at Ta Tianbao and explained: "Guangwu Emperor Liu Xiu is the founding emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and the Liu family is rejuvenated. It still takes 'Han' as its country name, and is known as the Eastern Han Dynasty in history. Emperor Guangwu was broad and accommodated. Thoughtful as God, advocating integrity. Not to mention the martial arts, it is to treat the heroes well, isn't it what my generation expects? ”

"Your Highness said this, and it is also a heart of forgiveness for us." Li Laiheng sighed: "Since ancient times, the prosperity has not come from glory. The only one can push the heart to protect the heroes with soft governance, and be more virtuous than the ancestors. His Royal Highness has the body of a handsome order and the style of a virtuous man, which is really a blessing for us. ”

"What about the saints of Burma?" Dang Shousu has no feelings for Yongli, but has been ostracized and discriminated against, but now he attaches great importance to the question of who is the emperor, "We are willing to be the heroes of His Highness, but if the saint returns to the country, what should we do?" ”

"Holy?" Ma Xiangyun smiled, turned his wine glass and said: "There is no size in the great cause of Zhongxing, and all the generals have been favored to serve His Highness, how can he compete with His Highness?" His Royal Highness is clever, and his words today are not shy about him, so it can be seen that he has made up his mind, and we only have to serve faithfully, so where do we have so many worries? ”

Zhu Yongxing does not shy away from his words, he wants to show domineering and responsibility. After all, these people are not aiming for Yongli's face, but they want to mix with themselves. Only the emperor, who will rest assured that his hope and net worth will be placed on you?

"In the past few years, Emperor Guangwu has cleared the four seas, although he is said to be Zhongxing, he is different from the founder of the husband?" Wang Guangxing flaunted his knowledge and said: "His Royal Highness rose when the building was about to fall, and if he didn't make a sound, he was a blockbuster, and his achievements were not far from Emperor Guangwu." ”

Among China's successive emperors, Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty, was the only emperor who held both the titles of "Emperor of Zhongxing" and "Emperor of Dingding". Liu Xiu's "Zhongxing" is to rebuild a new dynasty, but this new dynasty still uses the title of "Han".

Emperor Qin and Han Wu, Tang Emperor and Song Zu, and Emperor Guangwu may not be as famous, but their evaluation in history is extremely high, and they are also Zhu Yongxing's favorite feudal emperors.

Mao Taizu commented on Emperor Guangwu: the most learned, the most proficient at fighting, and the most skilled at employing people. People often say that "if you show off your talents, you won't succeed in ten years". Liu Xiu is an exception, he has not been a hitter for ten years, and he is a blockbuster. He studied at home, kept to himself, and once he rebelled, he turned the sea and the river overturned, vigorously, started from scratch, and created a new dynasty.

Wang Fuzhi: "The light and martial arts are in the world, and it is especially difficult to be a higher emperor!" Three generations down, the one who takes the world, only Guangwu is alone, and Song Taizu is second. From three generations down, only Guangwu Yunguan is a hundred kings. ”

Zhu Yuanzhang: "But Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty recruited heroes, worked hard, carried the prosperity of the hot luck, and the four seas were salty." Those who have the virtue of the world and the merit of the world. ”

Chen Liang: "Since ancient times, the prosperity has not come from the glory of martial arts. Fight the widow and hit the public, the weak and strong, get up and walk for more than ten years, the great cause to help, the calculation is effective, and the light is Zhouxuan. ”

Li Shimin: "The masters of the ancient world who set things right are all over forty years old, but Guangwu Chinese New Year's Eve three. ”

Qin Shi Huang and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty were uneducated. Tang Taizong and Song Taizu, the quality is a little worse. Genghis Khan, hunting. Only Liu Xiu, the emperor, was deeply appreciated by Mao Taizu, which shows that this emperor is unusual. Later generations of Tang Taizong and Song Taizu were all based on Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty. can become a model for the emperor, this emperor, in addition to Yao Shunyu Tang, is only Emperor Liu Xiu of the Han Guangwu Emperor.

Historically, Goujian, the king of Yue, Liu Bang, the ancestor of the Han Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, the Taizu of the Ming Dynasty, etc., shared hardships and hardships, and enjoyed wealth and prosperity. The cunning rabbit dies, and the lackeys cook; The birds are all gone, and the good bow is hidden. After establishing his own empire, he began to kill heroes. Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty, was a rare emperor who got along very well with the founding heroes.

And these people from the Dashun Army, what they are most afraid of, naturally they will be used now and liquidated later. Even the Ming Army, which was originally reorganized with the Great Western Army as the main body, did not have such worries. There are also Wu Sangui's subordinates, which is also a worry that is difficult to resolve.

This is really because there are too many similar examples in Chinese history, and it is normal for people to have such concerns. But Zhu Yongxing's frank meeting today is one thing, and the other is that he is from a different background from the two emperors who killed the heroes the most in the past dynasties.

"Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty and Emperor Gao were all born in commoners, His Royal Highness is a royal nobleman, Tianxi is righteous and brave, Rouyuan is virtuous, he loves human life, and he is virtuous." He Zhen said meaningfully: "Although Emperor Guangwu was born in cloth, he is the queen of the Han Dynasty clan, and he is similar to His Royal Highness. (To be continued......)

Tips: The new domain name "biquge.info" has been launched by Biquge, and the original domain name is about to be discontinued. Please tell each other, thank you!