Chapter Thirty-Four—Through the Bitter Cold
The final victory of the Battle of Humar has finally been sent to the Forbidden City! On the morning of the 7th day of the seventh month of the 12th year of Shunzhi, the military department offered a victory, saying that the general of the expedition to the north Ming Andali and Ningguta Angbang Zhangjing Shaer Huda came to report that on June 15, more than 300 Rakshasa bandits trapped in the city of Humar abandoned the city and surrendered under the leadership of the bandit leaders Stepanov and Bekotov. Fu Lin was overjoyed, and ordered the military department Shangshu Kadahun to "Xuanjie". The ministers were excited, and the waiters of the Ministry of Etiquette came out to play, saying that with this great victory, the court could send officials to pay tribute to the suburban temple. Fu Lin thought about it, and said that this battle can only be called a "middle victory", that Rakshasa thief is still strong, and he still needs to be severely punished, and the court must be dedicated to this distant barbarian, so he does not hold a ceremony to celebrate.
At that time, Hongyi was practicing calligraphy, and when he heard Xiao Gongzi's report, he suddenly threw off the imperial gift wolf in his hand, and hurriedly ordered him to go to Cining Palace. The two eunuchs who carried the chariot ran all the way, and after a while they arrived at Cining Gate, and then they could not continue to take the chariot, Hongyi did not wait for the chariot sedan to stop, so he half climbed and half jumped down by himself, and he was so panicked that Xiao Gongzi hurriedly helped.
"Huang Ma Ma, Huang Ma Ma ......" The palace people of Cining Palace have never seen the second elder brother so impatient, and they all avoided saluting, and then looked up to see that the young master was "thunderous and stealing the bell", and he could rush over to the ground, still far away from the main hall!
"Emperor, I said I don't need to pass on this kid, he has already installed 'fine works' in the Cining Palace of the Mourning Family, and whenever there is a little wind and grass here, he is always the first to know. Hehe, I didn't expect that the two of us are often led by the nose by you, the little prince, haha...... "In the main hall, the queen mother has long been sitting on the throne in the center, and the emperor Fulin is sitting at the bottom, listening to these words, it is also very rare to have no displeasure, just nodded and said: "Huang Eniang, I really didn't expect it, Xuan Ye is a milky child, under your tutelage, he is like a god, and he also knows how to use soldiers, and his sons are also very pleased......
"The Emperor...... The retainers greet the emperor Amma! Hongyi opened his calf, which was more than a year old, and ran for a minute or two before entering the main hall, and was just about to ask about the latest situation, when he saw Fulin, and hurriedly straightened his face, kneeling down to say goodbye.
"Well, get up!" Fulin responded with a smile.
"Huang Mama, my grandson heard that you have a new delicious meal made by Aunt Su Ma here, so hurry up and come over to ask for it!" Xiao Xuanye took advantage of the situation and wanted to beg for tricks in front of the queen mother's knees.
"Wait!" The Empress Dowager suddenly stopped Xuan Ye's movements with a straight face, and said: "Xuan Ye, although you are still young, you are the prince of my Qing Dynasty royal inheritance, and you and your eldest brother must bear the heavy responsibility of the family and the country." No matter what big things are, you have to be as stable as Mount Tai, and even want Mount Tai to collapse in front of you without changing your face, but look at your appearance, so flustered, what kind of system? Have you forgotten what Huang Ma Ma and Su Ma told you? ”
It turned out that since Zheng Chenggong was counted, the queen mother began to deliberately regulate Xiao Xuanye's words and deeds. Even if he can't rely on himself, he has to train Su Mala from time to time, and even summoned close subordinates such as Park, Sun and Liang Gong together to "have several meetings". Fortunately, Hongyi, who is more than a year old, has the mind of thirty-six years in that life, otherwise he would never be able to adapt to this whole set of royal education that annihilates the nature of young children and promotes seedlings. Hearing the queen mother say so seriously, Hongyi hurriedly stood firm, held the horseshoe sleeves with both hands, shook the hem of the horse coat, knelt down again, and said seriously: "Huang Ma Ma is right, the grandson is wrong!" Grandson respectfully invites the Queen Mother St. Ann! Sons and daughters respectfully invite the Emperor Ama St. Ann! ”
"Haha, okay, this is what it looks like, the emperor's mother is well-trained! Aunt Su Mala is also indispensable! Fu Lin was very happy, and personally reached out to help Hongyi, and patted his mother and Su Mala's ass by the way.
"The slave doesn't dare to take the lead, the master is all carefully raised by the queen mother, and the master is extremely talented, and he will learn it as soon as he learns! The slave and maid also congratulate the master! Su Ma, who was standing on the side, pulled Hongyi into the arms of the queen mother, and then congratulated the emperor.
"Okay, don't come to these nonsense, Xuan Ye can't become a talent, the key is to look at his own creation. Second elder brother, you just flew into the Cining Palace of the mourning family, you must not have smelled the aroma of Su Ma's osmanthus cake in the second east office, right? The Queen Mother hugged Hongyi and became disgusted.
"Hehe, Huang Mama, my grandson doesn't dare to talk nonsense. In the past two days, Sun Er estimated that the war in Nahumar had been going on for almost three months, so he forced Xiao Gongzi to come to the leader of Shang every day to ask for peace, and by the way, he asked if there was a battle report from Nahumar. But every time Xiao Gongzi came back, he didn't dare to report anything useful, because his grandson told them several times about the benefits and disadvantages of the iron plate that Huang Ama set up in the Jiaotai Palace. Today is different, after Xiao Gongzi came back, he just said...... It's just that Huang Ama is also here to eat osmanthus cake, let the grandson come quickly! So the grandson came! Hongyi pretended to be honest, and he also intended to defend his own subordinates, but he amused Fulin and the Queen Mother.
"Good boy, you stinky boy, come to me with these things! But your benevolent heart to defend your minions is indeed very good. Even if you don't come to inquire about me, I don't know how many people in this back ~palace~ see Tian'er thinking of a way to drill my mind, hehe, say, what do you want to ask? I don't blame you! Besides, the iron brand does not allow the minions to make friends with the courtiers, and it does not say that my son cannot think about me and worry about state affairs. Huang Eniang, do you say this is the reason? Fu Lin borrowed the topic to play and said a bunch of things.
"Well, the emperor is right. Although there is a family law inside, slaves also have various ways to run errands, and this has been the case since ancient times. As long as it is not the dictatorship of the ministers, the mourning family does not care much about them. "The queen mother also played a tai chi, and the two of them had a draw.
"Then Huang Mama, Huang Ama, and the sons began to eat osmanthus cakes?" Hongyi didn't want to regulate the heart disease between them now, and tried to lead the topic.
"Haha, let me tell you, the battle of Nahumar is won!" Fulin no longer sells Guanzi and tells the truth.
"Great! Erchen congratulates Emperor Ama to victory! "Hongyi once again rushed to the ground and bowed!
"Get up, you have your staff to do this. Say, how do you want me to reward you? ”
"Back to the emperor Ama, don't reward the sons, it's just that I don't know if the two generals Ming Andali and Sha Erhuda can completely annihilate the Rakshasa bandit army?"
According to the good news of the Ministry of War, the two of them have besieged Nahumar City for 100 days, and Jidu has also broken the Rakshasa bandit army team of four criminals on the coast of the North Sea, and finally those Rakshasas in the city, except for those who starved to death, all went out of the city and surrendered. Now Ming Andali is escorting more than 300 bandits back to Beijing, and Sha Erhuda stays in place to wait for my edict. ”
"Great! In this case, the retainers knelt down and asked the emperor Ama to make another will, ordering Sha'er Huda to stay in Humal City, and send another tiger general to Ningguta. ”
Why is that? Although Nahumar is called a city, it is just a small projectile land, and the weather is cold and the ground is freezing, how can it be garrisoned? Fu Lin was a little puzzled, but there was no displeasure. After all, after talking to John Tang last time, Fulin is now very concerned about this Rakshasa or Oros, and the Manchu warriors' strength to not admit defeat is also sufficient, just listen to the youngest son's "high talk".
"Back to the words of Emperor Amma. Although the Rakshasa is thousands of miles away, its country is still in the ascendant, and in the east of the continent of Europa, it is trying to expand its territory in both the west and east directions at the same time. Its purpose is to barter in order to find an outlet to the sea, the purpose of bartering is to collect money, the purpose of collecting wealth is to strengthen the army, and the purpose of strengthening the army is still to expand the land and accept the people. This cycle goes back and forth, which shows that his country is unpredictable.
Today, the land of Longxing, the great ancestor of the Qing Dynasty, is located in the northeast of the two continents of Europa and Asia, if the Rakshasa gets my northern land, then its vast territory will be no less than my vast China, and second, the vast ocean off the coast of Gyeonggi is under its watchful eye and constraints. Once the two countries go to war, if the Rakshasa sends a strong army of sailors to land in the hinterland of the Beijing Division, one south and one north, one near and one far away, it will become a big disaster, and our dynasty will have to guard against it.
Now my soldiers fought bloodily for 100 days, only to overcome a small castle, if destroyed and abandoned, not heirs in the coming year, the Rakshasa bandit army will come again, the snow field outside the pass and many trees, few people, then it is easy to build a castle again, and it is very difficult to get its traces, and it will be sent to destroy it, it will take time, it will be even more difficult! In the long run, the Qing Dynasty will inevitably be deliberately fettered by a rakshasa and eaten by whales. It is better to choose a key place for four battles, build a city and garrison the army, and hold the key point of the east and west, but if the enemy comes to a brigade, I will destroy one of its brigades, and the enemy will come to three armies, and I will annihilate his whole army! So again and again, again and again, its ambition will be discouraged, and we can have other plans.
For today's plan, you can draw elites from Shengjing Ninggu Pagoda and go north to station in Humar City, one can protect Shengjing in the north, two can hold Heilongjiang, and three can connect the Beihai Jidu Department in the west, and each other will be horns, and the northern Xinjiang of the Qing Dynasty can be safe and sound. Hongyi talked eloquently, and for the first time talked at length about governing the country in front of the emperor and the queen mother.
"Well, the emperor has a point...... However, this Humar is thousands of miles away, and the army is stationed here, I am afraid that the supply and transportation of grain and grass alone will be a big trouble! Fulin apparently listened, and instead thought about it.
"The Emperor is very worried! However, the sons have a countermeasure, please ask the emperor to judge! ”
"Oh, Xuan Ye, talk about it."
"There are two strategies: urgency and slowness. In a hurry, Zheng Zhilong, the king of Tong'an, Fujian, can be ordered to supervise the construction of sea ships on the southeast coast, go north to Sakhalin (now Sakhalin Island), find an ice-free seaport for transit, and then go north to the north end of Sakhalin Island, enter the west from the mouth of the Heilongjiang River in summer, and transfer to Shengjing in winter, so that they can go straight to Humar and solve the difficulty of eating food for the people in armor.
As for the mitigation policy, when the eldest brother was injured, the sons had accompanied him day and night, and heard Tang Lao Mafa, who healed the eldest brother, said that since the end of the former Ming Dynasty, there was a kind of corn imported from outside the domain in the south that was widely planted. It is said that this thing, along with the soybean [shū] (soybean) from the Central Plains, and the 'potato' recorded in the "Complete Book of Agricultural Administration" written by Xu Guangqi of the former Ming Dynasty, can be cultivated in the extremely cold land outside the Guan, and the yield is extremely high, and the use is varied. If the household department and the local governors of the provinces are appointed to find it as soon as possible and send it to the customs for trial planting, if it is successful, it can be done once and for all. As for those who cultivate, they can send those who are traitors in the Guannai to migrate [liúxǐ] [1] Humar, or they can recruit people from all over the world to support their development of Humar. If he offended Tianwei again, he was pardoned by the court officials of Shangyang Fort and Ningguta, who were exiled by Emperor Ama Liu, as long as he voluntarily went to the border of Humar to govern the people, he could atone for his crimes. If the officials are qualified, a period of time, such as five or eight years, can be set, and then they can return to Beijing to listen to the propaganda after passing the inspection. ”
Hongyi summarized and summarized a midterm paper from his college "Geopolitics" major course.
At this moment, I suddenly remembered that after I crossed over, I obviously felt that the summer of the eleventh year of Shunzhi was not too hot! That is to say, will the winter of the eleventh year of Shunzhi be too cold? When I was in college, I read the content of the paper on the "Xiaoice Period of the Ming and Qing Dynasties," and little by little I came to mind.
From 1550 to 1851, that is, during the period from Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty to Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty, China experienced large-scale extremely cold weather similar to the present, and 1640-1700 was the coldest period of this Xiaoice Age, which is also consistent with the time when the Qing army went south to enter the pass and establish power. At that time, there was a lack of experience, and the defense measures were not timely, followed by a series of cascading crop yields, followed by a series of cascading social effects such as famine and peasant uprising, which had a great impact. These events are also recorded in historical records, known in China as the "Ming and Qing Xiaoice Period".
During the Xiaoice period, not only northern China was affected, but even Jiangnan was frozen on the river surface due to abnormal temperatures. Due to the drop in temperature and the continuation of dry and cold weather, China's agricultural economy has undergone a severe test, how severe is it? It can be seen from the "Reading the World" edited by Ye Mengzhu in the early years of the Qing Dynasty. The book mentions that citrus in Jiangxi has always been a tribute, and it is widely cultivated in every household. However, during the Shunzhi and Kangxi periods, when the Xiaoice period of the Ming and Qing dynasties was at its peak, oranges were often frozen to death. The stricken orange farmers were too scared to grow any more oranges. During this period, even the Pearl River Delta, which has always had a warm climate, suffered from abnormal weather, with frequent snowfall in Guangzhou and other places, and livestock freezing to death.
If cold-tolerant and high-yield crops such as potatoes and corn could be introduced a few years earlier than in the official history, and let them become popular in China as soon as possible, perhaps the losses caused by this harsh climate would be minimized!
"A variety of potatoes and corn, eat more vegetables and less meat, in fact, even the Central Plains of Kannai can be vigorously promoted, so that the common people can have enough to eat!" zuihou, Hongyi did not forget to come to such a nonsense that seems to have nothing to do with the overall situation. [2]
The Empress Dowager and the Emperor were silent for a long time, slowly comprehending the deep meaning. If this is done quickly, you can have no worries about food and clothing outside the customs. But there is another important point, that is, once Zheng Zhilong, a great pirate and maritime merchant in the pre-Ming Dynasty, sails to and from the sea again, he will really return to the sea, but he cannot be prevented......
Hongyi saw it in his eyes, and then said: "Qin Shizhen, the governor of Zhejiang, wrote to the imperial court last year and was allowed to train the navy. ”
"Good!" Fulin and the Queen Mother blurted out in unison! The strategy of killing two birds with one stone, who would be inaccurate at all?
Three days later, all the departments of the Beijing Division were busy:
The Ministry of War, set up [Humar Ang Bang Zhangjing], transferred from the former Ningguta Ang Bang Zhangjing Sha Erhuda, with jurisdiction over the west of the Lena River [3], east of the Yenisei River [4], north of the Beihai Sea (Lake Baikal), and north to the Arctic Ocean ice sheet (named after Xuanye). Ningguta Angbang Zhangjing was succeeded by his son Ba Hai, and governed the north of Kaiyuan, south of the Arctic Ocean ice sheet, east of the Lena River, including the entire northeast coastal area, including Sakhalin Island, North Island (Kamchatka Peninsula), and a vast area to the north of the main island of the Wa Kingdom. The newly established [Ulan-Ude Angbang Zhangjing], temporarily led by Jidu, has jurisdiction over the entire basin of the North Sea (Lake Baikal), west of the Yenisei River, the entire basin of the Ob River [5] (including the Gulf of Ob south of the Arctic Ocean ice sheet) and the vast area of the Irtysh River basin [6]. As a result, most of the territory east of the Ural Mountains and northern Asia was nominally part of the Qing Dynasty.
In his statement to the emperor, Xiao Xuanye particularly emphasized that the jurisdiction of Ulan-Ude Angbang Zhangjing must be based on the concept of the "river basin" of the two major rivers of the Ob River and the Irtysh River, rather than the east and west of the main river channel. This statement puzzled Fu Lin, thinking that "it cannot be subdivided", and Hongyi proposed-for-tat that although the above land is now beyond the reach of the whip, the Qing Dynasty first proposed its clear ownership, in order to put an end to the ambition of the rakshasas. Although the land is vast and sparsely populated now, it is only by dividing troops to guard it over time that we can never suffer in the future. Only then did he reluctantly get permission from Fulin).
The Ministry of Officials, in conjunction with the Criminal Department, formulated the "Investigation Cases of Officials of the Great Qing Dynasty Ruling the Border People from Far Away and Wearing Crimes and Meritorious Contributions", and at one time there were no less than 100 border officials who responded to the exoneration, and they had to be sent to Humar, Beihai Ulan-Ude, Shangyangbao, Ningguta, and other places in batches according to their talents and virtues.
The Ministry of Industry, with two holy decrees with similar contents, galloped from the capital to Fujian and Zhejiang, and began to supervise the construction of large shipping ships.
The Ministry of Household issued an order to the governors and governors of all provinces to search for cold-tolerant and high-yield crops such as corn, soybeans, and potatoes among the people from now on, and to recruit farmers to voluntarily go north of Shengjing for trial planting.
The second son of the emperor, Xuan Ye, also specially implored the emperor, saying that among the six departments, only the Ministry of Rites had nothing to do, and he could not be idle. Therefore, Fulin issued an edict to the Ministry of Rites, asking it to join the Ministry of Households, and select dozens of Jinshi every three years to be sent to various northern fortresses, to set up official schools, spread civilization, and civilize barbarism.
A seemingly accidental small-scale move~** movement began to be quietly implemented......
[1] Exile, exile, exile, one of the five punishments of antiquity. Migration, in ancient times, was called the punishment of exile. Exile is actually exile. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the Heilongjiang region was a place of exile for prisoners. Exiled prisoners are known as "exiles" in history. At that time, the main places of exile in Northeast China were: Bukui (Qiqihar), Ningguta, Sanjia (Yilan), Alchuka (Acheng), Beduna (Buyeo), Xibei, Hunchun and other places. Daninguta is the most famous of these penal colonies. The exiles sent to the Northeast were mainly convicted literati and officials, rebel soldiers, craftsmen, and various sect members.
"The crimes of the exiles are different, and they are all marked with names, such as the book case and the flower case. The book case uses words to bring disaster and harm to children and grandchildren, and imprison the wall, and there are up to four or five generations." According to the "Cases of the Great Qing Dynasty", in the sixteenth year of Shunzhi (1659 AD), the Qing court stipulated that the prisoners who were sent abroad should be resettled in Ningguta, Jilin, Heilongjiang and other places. At the same time, it is stipulated that those who migrate to the north will be changed to Liuning Ancient Tower. In the eighteenth year of Shunzhi (1661 AD), it was stipulated that all those who should be displaced in the case of rebellion should be exiled to Ningguta; In the fifth year of Kangxi (1666 AD), it was stipulated that the government officials who embezzled money and grain were exiled to Ningguta in addition to capital crimes. In the twenty-third year of the Kangxi reign (1684 AD), it was stipulated that all three times of theft, human seduce, and abduction of medicinal cakes were committed, and Ningguta was enslaved.
The Qing Dynasty's exile punishment was the continuation of the Ming Dynasty's relocation system. Some people have studied the migration of people in the Qing Dynasty, which can be divided into three periods. The first period was the early Qing Dynasty, when four large prisoners were captured, and the population of one million people was captured four times, all of which were placed in the area of Shenyang (Shengjing). The second period is the first year of Shunzhi (1644 AD) Qing soldiers pass, Dingding Beijing, set up a circle of fields, set up the Guanzhuang system to control the people in the Ningguta area, in the Guanzhuang farming. The offender was sent to the banner man to be enslaved by A and did farming work. The third period was to exile the convicted literati and the "second ministers" in the late Ming Dynasty to Ningguta and develop the birthplace of the Qing Empire in Northeast China. At that time, Ningguta was a "heavy ice and snow with the ground, not a complex shijie".
[2] This paragraph about the Xiaoice period of the Ming and Qing Dynasties is thanks to the dedication of childhood sweetheart Xiao X! Thanks!
[3] i.e. "Lena River". As early as the 10th century, the Chinese state of Liao had sent officials to investigate the Lena River region. In the 17th century, the Russian Empire expanded into the Lena River valley, which was referred to in Qing Dynasty documents as the Lena River. In 1689, when the Qing and Russia negotiated the demarcation of the eastern section of the border in the Treaty of Nebuchu, the Qing Dynasty proposed that the Lena River should be used as the national boundary, with the west to Russia and the east to the Qing Dynasty. However, in the treaty, it was determined that the outer Khingan Mountains were roughly boundary.
[4] The Yenisei (Russian: Енисе?й, English: Yenisei) is one of the largest rivers in Russia and one of the great rivers of Shijie. It is located in the north of Asia, on the west side of the Central Siberian Plateau. The most abundant river in Siberia.
It is the largest river flowing into the Arctic Ocean. It is slightly shorter than the Missouri-Mississippi River, but has a flow of 1.5 times that of the former. Originating in Mongolia, it flows north to the Kara Sea, and its basin encompasses most of central Siberia. If the Selenga River-Angara River is taken as the source, it has a total length of 5,539 kilometers, making it the fifth longest river in Shijie. The upper reaches are turbulent, with many rapids and floods, and the surrounding area is sparsely populated.
[5] The Ob River (Russian: Обь) is located in western Siberia and is a famous river in Russia. The Ob River, known by different names among the different ethnic groups of the region, has a length of 3,700 kilometers and a basin area of 2,600,000 square kilometers.
[6] The Irtysh River is a transnational river that originates from the southern slope of the Altai Mountains in Fuyun County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, flows northwest along the southern foot of the Altai Mountains, enters the state of Kazakhstan to the west of Haba River County, and flows into Zaisangpo (now after transit, it is injected into the Bukhtarma Reservoir, which has become part of the reservoir), and after leaving the lake, it continues to flow northwest through northeast Kazakhstan, and after entering Russia, it turns northeast through Omsk, turns northwest near Tara, and turns north at Tobolsk. It joins the Ob River near Khantymansiysk and is the largest tributary of the Ob River.
[7] Official name. Also known as Shu Chang, the name comes from the meaning of "Shu Chang Jishi" in the "Book of Books and Politics"; It was originally placed in the early Ming Dynasty and was a short-term position in the Hanlin Academy during the Ming and Qing dynasties in China. The purpose of selecting potential candidates for the imperial examination is to allow them to study in the Hanlin Academy before being awarded various official positions. The situation was similar to that of today's trainees or graduate students. The form of talent reserve is actually a re-study and re-selection after passing the highest level of imperial examination. In the Ming Dynasty, from the school to the school, the scholar to the scholar, until the Shuji Shi, constituted a pyramidal system based on the imperial examination system. It's just that not every subject is chosen; At first, it was selected once every other autumn, and then it was either three subjects at the same time, or mathematics subjects were not selected, or even nine subjects were not selected. In the selection of officials who are likely to become important ministers of the national cabinet, the imperial court is very cautious.
[This chapter modifies the word "wandering" to "wandering" to be more accurate!] xiexie childhood sweetheart little X! 】