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The key to the sluggishness of the Southern Ming Dynasty lies in the fact that there has never been an authoritative core that can mobilize all the anti-Qing forces. Although there were often intrigues within the Qing court, they were generally able to enforce orders and prohibitions, and rewards and punishments were clear. The fundamental reason for the victory and defeat is not the strength and weakness, but the difference in internal cohesion.

In fact, the two major battles launched by the Southern Ming were likely to be won. On the battlefield of Guangdong on the southern front, it was fought in the west and not moved in the east; The battle of the Yangtze River on the northern front was fought in the east and not moved in the west. If the battle is like this, what are the chances of victory?

As long as Zheng Chenggong cooperates with Li Dingguo with the main force, Guangdong will undoubtedly fall, and Shang Kexi and Geng Jimao will not escape the fate of Kong Youde. If the combined forces of Li and Zheng could recover the whole province of Guangdong, the situation in the Ming and Qing dynasties would be very different. In the Battle of the Yangtze River, the Ming army had an absolute advantage in the naval division, and there were a large number of Ming warriors in the Qing ruling area to prepare to respond, and the troops that could be invested in the west were also quite large.

At that time, in addition to Sun Kewang's designation of Liu Wenxiu to lead the army to attack Changde or Yuezhou to the east of the Shunjiang River, the geographical location of the thirteen armies in Kuidong was also extremely advantageous and the combat effectiveness was also very strong. But why didn't the army of the Thirteen Families of Kuidong show any signs of action?

Quite simply, for some reason, the pro-Ming forces could not work together, and the figures who actually exercised the supreme power were selfish and narrow-minded, and did not do a good job of coordination.

The current anti-Qing form shì is very different. Fujian Province is the main battlefield, but it is not isolated. Li Sixing, the son of the Jin dynasty, leaned on Shaoguan with his back, sat in the big and small Meiling, and used a feint to contain the Qing army in Jiangxi; The Yangtze River Naval Division entered the river to fight, intending to join the ten families and put pressure on Huguang. and threaten along the Yangtze River; The two fleets of Deng Yao and Yang Yandi, which could be divided or combined, threatened Fuzhou and the northern part of Fujian Province, and attacked and contained the Qing army in Zhejiang.

Coordinated, cooperated, and echoed, and the Ming army's combat strength increased greatly because of its unified command. With the help of the naval division and the firm control of the strategic initiative, the battle situation continued to develop in a direction unfavorable to the Qing army.

In fact. It's not just the South-East that's getting into action. In Sichuan, Liu Zhen, the king of Qingyang, was the vanguard, leading his troops out of Jiading, attacking Xuzhou (now Yibin) in the east, making a posture of advancing by land and water, threatening Chongqing.

The thirteen families of Kuidong gathered tens of thousands of people, and suddenly took a boat down the river from Badong, and first broke back to Guizhou (now Zigui County). Later, the army marched to attack Yiling (now Yichang City, Hubei), and the Chu army was defeated in a field battle. Turtle cowered in the city and called for reinforcements.

After breaking through the Qing army's river defenses, the Yangtze River Naval Division bombarded Nanjing to demonstrate, and then went upstream. During this period, small battles continued, but they were frequent but not intense, and the Qing army could no longer stop their advance.

“…… Build forts on the north and south banks of the river, and send troops to defend them. To prevent thieves is a good law. However, there are only one or two soldiers, and even those who have no soldiers in the empty fort, and there are even fewer from Nanchang and below. When I went to Anqing, I saw the martial arts field to drill some water divisions, and there were only more than 200 soldiers. They are all old and weak, like child's play; And the warship is small, only accommodating a few people, and the large ship (referring to the 100-ton ship of the Yangtze River Naval Division) is like looking at the high mountains. With such a shape, hope that it will break the enemy against the enemy and win a decisive victory on the river? Therefore, if the Haikou is reckless, if they enter a no-man's land, the flood defense officers and soldiers have not heard of the battle in the storm, and they have the name of defending the generals, and they have wasted the money of the imperial court, and there is no actual effect of river defense......"

In the case of the right of the Qing officials, Guo Yiyu once boarded a boat from Ezhou, traced the river, and wrote down the chapter to report to the Qing court what he saw along the way. He looked at it very carefully and analyzed it correctly. The bunkers were empty, the defenses were lax, the ships were cramped, and the officers and men had no experience in water warfare......

But seeing the problem is one thing, and solving the problem is difficult. The Qing court also knew that it was weak, and the adjustment it made was to concentrate its water forces as much as possible and build river fortifications from the lower reaches of Nanjing to the mouth of the sea, in order to deter the Ming army's advance. And once the key river fortifications were destroyed, the weakness of the middle and upper reaches was exposed.

……………

The implementation of the entire grand strategy, the Intelligence Bureau, as the hero behind the scenes, has made great contributions. Without long-term silent operation, how can a smooth communication channel be established, and it is impossible for the thirteen companies in Kuidong to launch an offensive at the right time to respond. There is also the southeast coast, and the raids of the sailors are mostly based on the intelligence transmitted by the personnel of the local intelligence station.

Only by clearly distinguishing rewards and punishments can we stimulate motivation and enthusiasm. Zhu Yongxing reviewed the list and happily signed the commendation order.

"Your Highness can't be merciful, this time you will use the topic to play and knock on the mountain and shock the tiger, but it will also save you from bleeding in the future." Ye Hu did not accept the commendation order, and stubbornly reaffirmed his opinion.

"Who said there would be a river of blood in the future?" Zhu Yongxing shook his head lightly and said in a deep voice: "Your loyalty, Lone knows. There is also a feasible way to build yì. It's just - the implication is too great. ”

Ye Hu thought for a while and said, "Then I will only deal with a few leaders." His Royal Highness is kind-hearted, and hopes that others can learn a lesson from this and dare not have a different heart. ”

"Strange heart-" Zhu Yongxing smiled bitterly, pondered for a long time, and then said slowly: "It's Zhang Xinzhi." If his head can wake up others, it is worth dying. ”

Ye Hu was not satisfied in his heart, opened his mouth, but swallowed back his words.

"Cooperate well with the Department of Missions, small things have a big impact, and since then they have no mind." Zhu Yongxing continued to explain the key points, "If you are still obsessed, it will be the end of thousands of people pointing out and being spurned by people." ”

"Your subordinates understand, please rest assured." Ye Hu bowed down and listened.

"Jiangnan's rebellion work can be strengthened." Zhu Yongxing paused, and the topic turned to the current war, "First along the coast, then inland." Taking advantage of the moment when people's hearts are shaken, try to cooperate with the attack of our army to expand its influence. ”

Ye Hu hesitated for a moment, and said: "In the past, there were many people in Jiangnan who contacted the king of Yanping in the southeast and Zhang Shangshu in Zhoushan, I wonder if His Highness thinks it can be used?" ”

"Which scholars have names and surnames?" Zhu Yongxing asked lightly.

At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, perhaps because of the vagaries of the environment, or perhaps because of the fear of bloody rain, many people's behavior was inconsistent, capricious, and incomprehensible.

For example, Li Chengdong was first a butcher, and then he was martyred anyway; For example, Qian Qianyi, who saw the wind and steered the rudder during the Hongguang period, was shameless, and after the Qing army attacked, he shaved his hair shyly, took the initiative to surrender, and became a high-ranking official. But only half a year in the capital, he went home from illness and secretly threw himself into the torrent of anti-Qing and Ming restoration.

In the winter of the third year of Shunzhi, his friend Huang Yuqi rebelled against the Qing Dynasty and was in urgent need of money and food, hoping that he could donate generously. Qian Qianyi didn't say a word, and immediately complied. Unexpectedly, the matter was revealed, and Qian Qianyi was arrested and imprisoned. After being released from prison, he "did not die of a thief's heart", and from the seventh year of Shunzhi, he took many risks to rush to Jinhua and rebelled against the general soldier Ma Jinbao. During this period, he was imprisoned many times, but he never changed his will, and contacted Yao Zhizhuo and others to resist the Qing forces in the southeast and southwest, and planned the battle of the Yangtze River.

In addition to the action, Qian Qianyi also whipped the Manchurian with his own pen, cursing them as "slaves", "captives", "mongrels", etc., vigorously praising the heroic deeds of the anti-Qing warriors, and judging the previous Qian Qianyi who was greedy for life and afraid of death.

In the final analysis, humanity has not been extinguished, and conscience has not been lost. The murderous nature of the Manchurian people and the willingness of countless Han people with lofty ideals to die rather than surrender, coupled with the continuous humiliation and ridicule of others against him, made Qian Qianyi realize the little conscience left in his heart. Therefore, in his later years, he knew that there was a risk of killing his head, but he still fought hard, which somewhat comforted his conscience.

"When Qian Qianyi went to Beichong to repair the vice president of the Ming Dynasty, the Liu family, who stayed in Nanjing, committed adultery with others, and his son was angry, and Ming officials punished him. When Qian Qianyi came back, he angrily scolded his son, "The country is ruined and the king is dead, and the scholar can't do the whole thing, but he can't keep his body and blame a woman?" He will never see his son again. Ye Hu stated the names and surnames of some literati and told a short story similar to a joke.

"Hehe, this Qian Qianyi is truly repentant." Zhu Yongxing smiled, pondered for a while, and said: "Since Qian Qianyi has made a bold move and won the forgiveness of Lu Liuliang, Huang Zongxi and others, then it is not easy to be harsh. By the way, then the Liu family is Liu Ru, right? ”

"It is Liu Rushi, who is known as Hedong Jun." Ye Hu was a little surprised, Liu Ru was one of Qin Huai's eight Yan, but this was nearly twenty years ago, and Zhu Yongxing was able to call out his name.

"Interesting." Zhu Yongxing looked very appreciative, Liu Ru was out of the dust, but his style and bones were comparable to that of a doctor, which was really rare, "Well, think about it and give you an answer tomorrow." ”

"Yes." Ye Hu saw that Zhu Yongxing had no more explanations, so he retreated.

Lu Liuliang, Huang Zongxi, Gu Yanwu, these big names are all familiar to Zhu Yongxing. Although Qian Qianyi's character is not good, he is not inferior to the above in terms of learning, poets, historians, essayists, and collectors...... He was once known as the most prestigious person in the literary world after Wang Yizhou (Shizhen).

Zhu Yongxing is not unaware of the lack of celebrity and Confucian support under his subordinates, but he has been busy making money, governing politics, and the military, so he has to temporarily shelve the idea of gathering talents.

In fact, in Zhu Yongxing's heart, he has always wanted to form a set of literary teams and do two jobs well. One is the history of the Ming Dynasty, and the other is Neo-Confucianism.

Taking history as a mirror, we can know the rise and fall, and this is only one of them. Characterizing and conclusively formulating some historical issues is a far-reaching consideration for long-term peace and stability. For example, the Great Western Army, such as the Thirteen Families, what was the nature of their original uprising, was it the officials who forced the people to rebel, was it forced to survive by hunger and cold, or did bandits swarm? In contrast, the ideological burden of the Thirteen Families is obviously heavier, after all, it was Li Zicheng who broke through the city of Beijing and forced Emperor Chongzhen to death. How to completely calm their minds is not a simple matter. Zhu Yongxing is doing well now, but will they worry about it in the future, turning their faces ruthlessly, there are many such examples in history.

Only by explaining the various policies of the Ming Dynasty can we prove the necessity of reform, which is also the theoretical basis for Zhu Yongxing to provide reform. (To be continued......)