ps: If you want to hear more of your voices and receive more of your suggestions, search for the WeChat public account "qdread" now and pay attention to give more support to "Mengshan Army"!

For China, the news themes of 1919 were disarmament and the midterm elections to Congress.

The administrative heads of Great Russia tried desperately to keep them to no avail, and the unfair attitude towards China at the Paris Conference determined that China, which had basically achieved the Russian strategy, would have to extricate itself from the mire of the Russian civil war as soon as possible. Since April, the Chinese Expeditionary Force has been transferred to the motherland. In an inverted curtain posture, the westernmost 1st Army was the first to return home, opening the Don Valley valley to the gradually recovering Red Russia. At the end of June, the commander-in-chief of the expeditionary force, Marshal Feng Guozhu, led the 2nd Army to return to the motherland. Only Lieutenant General Wu Nian led the 3rd Army to remain in Western Siberia and shrink the troops on the line from Irkutsk to Chita. Red Russia tacitly cooperated with the Chinese withdrawal, and in the spring of 1919, the Russian battlefield was relatively silent due to the muddy season and the Chinese withdrawal, and it was not until July that the rejuvenated Red Army launched a second siege of Kharkov. It was already a complete showdown between the Russians.

In July, in the whole of Ukraine, there was not a single Chinese soldier. Even the tombs of the fallen martyrs were disposed of, and all of them were cremated and brought back to China. Along with the return of about 3,500 Russians or Ukrainians who volunteered to join the expeditionary force, including the beautiful Ukrainian girl Natalia, whose marriage to a Chinese engineer officer was approved by General Wang Mingyuan, then the top commander of the expeditionary force, her husband has returned to China, and Natalia is full of joy to embark on a new life.

It is worth mentioning that the Chinese-style wedding of Natalia and Yan Kisheng was very grand, and Marshal Wang Mingyuan, Minister of National Defense, took the opportunity of inspecting the Northern Military Region to hold a grand wedding for the newlyweds in Changchun.

In September, the Zhangbei-Kulen-Irkutsk railway was officially opened to traffic. General Wu Nian (awarded the rank of general at the end of August) led the last troops of the expeditionary force back from Irkutsk to Outer Mongolia. China has completely left war-torn Russia.

The results of the midterm elections in Congress were not expected. It is still a situation in which the Peasants' and Workers' Party and the CDD divide the world. However, the Peasants' and Workers' Party overwhelmed the CDL, and in both the House of Representatives and the Senate, the Peasants' and Workers' Party had the largest number of seats, becoming the largest party in the name only. Moreover, the political divide between the two parties is becoming increasingly apparent. The Peasants' and Workers' Party, which represents the interests of the broad masses of peasants and the new class of industrial workers, is even more in favour of the fight against corruption and the formation of state-controlled conglomerates. On the other hand, the CDL, which represents the intellectuals and the representatives of business owners, advocated further formulating policies to encourage the development of industry and commerce, continuing to increase investment in education, and setting up more private enterprises in order to accelerate the process of industrialization.

About 20 percent of the seats in both houses of Congress are divided between seven political parties, and even if they act together, it will be difficult for them to influence major policies. The election results led to the division and reorganization of the smaller parties, and the birth of the New Democratic Party (NDJ) with right-wing policies and fierce criticism of the government's "weakness" on the Russian and Japanese issues.

At a press conference after the midterm elections. Mr. Hung Yue-cheng, who was re-elected President of the House of Councillors, announced that the constitutional amendment would be put on hold, and that there was no serious conflict between the current constitution and the status quo, so the National Assembly did not support the proposal to amend the constitution.

Hong Yuecheng's remarks blocked Long Qian's possibility of re-election. provoked a backlash from the military system.

But then the army fell into "civil strife". In accordance with Long Qian's decision, the Ministry of National Defense and the General Staff Headquarters jointly drew up a disarmament plan, which was revised and approved at the Supreme National Defense Conference held in August, and a preliminary decision was made to reduce the total strength of the army by half.

The whole army will be reorganized into 20 full-trainers. These 20 divisions will undertake the task of being on duty for the state's combat readiness, and their establishment has been redetermined, and for the first time, they have been organized according to the characteristics of the theater, for example, the 13th Division of the Southwest Military Region has embodied the characteristics of mountain divisions. The 19th Division of the Northwest Military Region was a heavy division, and the total number of artillery pieces in the division exceeded 300.

For the first time in the world, the Wehrmacht organized armoured divisions. Two divisions with outstanding military achievements were selected for reorganization. That is, the 25th Division of the 9th Army and the 17th Division of the 6th Army are all ace divisions that shocked the whole army. It is enough to see the importance that the headquarters organs attach to the formation of armored divisions. However, each division has only one tank regiment at present, and there is still a big gap between the design and the design.

The armored divisions of the Chinese National Defense Forces cannot be concealed from the eyes of the world. Some countries, such as Britain and France, scoffed at this. The tank is not an invention of the Chinese, and the performance of the tank in the European war is not satisfactory. The approach of the Chinese amused the British and French troops.

The number of infantry was reduced in the full training division, and for the first time in the rest of the troops, the infantry, the most traditionally proud of the army, gave way to the rest of the troops, except for the two divisions that were responsible for mountain operations.

The rest of the forces were reorganized. After being organized into a type B division, the strength of the B division is only about half of that of the whole training division, and the heavy equipment is less than one-third of that of the whole training division.

In addition, 11 divisions of the whole army were revoked.

The 20 all-trainers have naturally become the sweets and sweets that all military regions and units are desperately fighting for. After a month's discussion and study at the national defense conference, the fate of the 20 all-training divisions was determined, including five divisions of the Northern Military Region, four divisions of the Northwest Military Region, three divisions of the Central Military Region, and two divisions each in the southeast, south, southwest, and garrison regions.

The railway corps was transferred to other jobs and placed under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Railways, becoming a number of engineering construction bureaus under the direct management of the Ministry of Railways, and becoming a large state-owned enterprise group.

While the army is being abolished, the navy and air force are being strengthened, and the Supreme National Defense Council has increased investment in the navy and air force while reducing the number of the army and adjusting the size of the army. However, the investment priorities of the two arms are different, and the Air Force has strengthened its R&D investment, not only not expanding the size of the flight wing in active service, but reducing it by 40 percent. However, three aviation schools and five aviation factories were newly established. More aircraft models have been included in the pre-research, the design direction of combat aircraft has become more complex, the functions of reconnaissance, operation, and transportation have been more refined, and a large number of flight-related projects have been launched and included in the top-secret management, for example, in order to develop an instrument that can remotely explore the traces of aircraft, the Ninth Aviation Institute has been specially established, and the manpower, material resources, and secrecy paid by it are extremely high. Its code name is LD, and it is said that the president himself took the name. However, Cheng Jianguo and other generals who have actual combat experience in Russia are both concerned and suspicious about this, and if the location and number of enemy planes can be discovered half an hour in advance, air combat will immediately become simpler. Can that kind of thing really be made? Cheng Jianguo was seriously skeptical.

In order to manage aviation enterprises (including aviation research institutes) more efficiently, Long Qian's proposal to establish the Ministry of Aviation Industry was approved, and the relevant aircraft development departments were separated from the General Administration of Ordnance Industry and the Ministry of Heavy Industry. Long Qian, who has always opposed the expansion of the establishment of the government affairs department, took the initiative to propose the establishment of the Ministry of Aviation Industry, which is enough to see that Long Qian attaches great importance to aviation.

The navy has really expanded in size. In addition to the purchase of two American pre-war design and finalized cruisers, the Navy also launched a batch of six destroyers, a total of three tonnages, the highest of 3,000 tons and the lowest of 1,500 tons, to test the design and manufacturing capabilities of the Navy shipyard. The three types of destroyers are used in different directions, and the positioning of anti-submarine and broken diplomatic relations is very clear, and there have always been huge differences in the direction of the development of combat ships in the navy, and the six destroyers that have now been approved to start construction indicate that they will take the road of "specialization" rather than "integration" in surface ships.

After ten years of struggle, the navy desperately strengthened its foundation, focused its investment on research institutes and shipyards, bought a large number of technologies from the United States and Germany, especially engine and naval gun technology, and developed it stoically in accordance with the overall idea of naval development determined by Long Qian. Now it's finally time to harvest the first fruits, six small-tonnage ships are really nothing, but these six ships are completely their own design, their own technology, and all the parts, including the engines, are completely made by themselves. On small-tonnage warships, the Chinese Navy has finally gotten rid of purchase and imitation, and has embarked on the path of independent research and development. Admiral Sa Zhenbing, deputy commander-in-chief of the Navy, was in tears of excitement. He was in charge of equipment in the navy, and he knew better than anyone how much money he had spent and how much effort he had spent in the past ten years. Now he fully understood the correctness of Long Qian's thinking on the development of the navy.

"Shipbuilding and buying ships are completely different things, China is a big country, and we must not pin our hopes on allies and friendly countries in the same way as small countries, because there is no absolute friendship and alliance between countries, and there are eternal and unchanging interests. Therefore, we must learn to build ships, not only to build large ocean-going ships for civilian use, but also to build first-class military ships! However, we can't climb behind others, with our industrial base, if we don't take some unconventional means, we can't see through time and space to see the future form of naval warfare and take targeted measures, we will never be able to become a naval power......" The former president's speech at the naval development seminar is still in his ears, and General Sa Zhenbing has already seen the navy begin to exert its strength. Even if the president's future naval battle will be a form of war that integrates the seabed, surface and air, and the prophecy that the aircraft will play the core armament role in it is correct (Sa Zhenbing seriously doubts that the aircraft can carry torpedoes and launch attacks), it is also inseparable from large surface ships, this view has been accepted by the president, so in the next decade, the Navy will vigorously enrich the North and South Ocean Fleets, especially the North Sea Fleet, The imaginary enemy is the Japan that Sa Zhen Bing is thinking about in the twilight. For historical reasons, the Northern Fleet was named the North Sea Fleet, which always sounds less formidable, but the internal name of this fleet, which is far inferior to the South China Sea Fleet, is the Pacific Fleet, which in turn is the Indian Ocean Fleet. From these two ambitious names, Sa Zhenbing knew that the North Sea Fleet would be developed even more. (My "Mengshan Army" will have more fresh content on the official WeChat platform, and there will also be a 100% lottery gift for everyone!) Open WeChat now, click on the "+" sign in the upper right corner to "add friends", search for the official account "qdread" and follow, hurry up! (To be continued.) )