Chapter 189: Don't let the rights lose their restrictions (ask for subscriptions, ask for monthly passes, ask for various !! ）

"The Ministry of Supervision? Is this an inspection department? Deng Xiaoping then asked.

"The Ministry of Supervision, as the name suggests, is a department responsible for supervision and inspection, and the powers exercised by this department are only internal, not external. That is to say, this department is mainly to supervise and inspect the internal affairs of our provincial government, one is to supervise corruption, the second is to supervise inaction and disorderly acts, and the third is to supervise the traitors who collaborate with the enemy. This department is aimed at all officials in Chahar province, including those sitting here, and if the charges are convicted, the circumstances are serious and the punishment will be given accordingly. ”

Then Chen Feng said: "The Western politician Montesquieu once said, "All people with power will abuse power, which is a hard-won experience." To prevent abuse of power, it is necessary to use power to check power. Former Premier Sun Wen also said, "Political corruption is the result of abuse of power." So to eradicate corruption, power needs to be restrained. No one has the absolute power to ignore the will of the people. "Therefore, uncontrolled public power is the greatest threat to social stability, because in the absence of supervisory pressure, some officials often do not automatically correct their mistakes, preferring to do nothing and let their mistakes run rampant; What is more, government officials are often the initiators of social tragedies themselves, and uncontrolled public power is the greatest threat to social stability. The rebellion of the eight kings of the Western Jin Dynasty, you don't know, who knows the way? ”

Kang Ze got up and said, "The Rebellion of the Eight Kings was the biggest cause of the decline and even the demise of the Western Jin Dynasty, and the turmoil began in 291 AD. After the death of Emperor Sima Yan of the Jin Dynasty. Left behind a huge empire that had been unified for only 10 years and a "why not eat minced meat" dementia emperor Jin Hui Emperor. Unfortunately, this demented emperor has an ugly, fierce, and vicious queen Jia Nanfeng. In the second year after the death of Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty, Jia Nanfeng conspired with Sima Wei, the king of Chu, to kill Yang Jun, the elder brother of Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty and the assistant of the government, thus opening the prelude to the most ruthless power struggle in Chinese history and the 16-year-long "Rebellion of the Eight Kings". After Yang Jun's death, the government was presided over by Sima Liang, the king of Runan, and Wei Qiang, Jia Nanfeng first instructed Sima Wei to kill Sima Liang and Wei Qiang, and then killed Sima Wei with an edict. The praying mantis catches the cicada, and the yellow finch is behind, just when the Jia family is full of arrogance and then abolishes the prince. Sima Lun, the king of Zhao, and Sun Xiu took revenge for the crown prince. The edict abolished Jia Nanfeng and eliminated the Jia family. After Sima Lun took charge of the government, he was still not satisfied, so he simply usurped the throne and stood on his own. Followed by. Sima Jian, the king of Qi, united Sima Hao, the king of Hejian, and Sima Ying, the king of Chengdu, to raise troops. Destroy Sima Lun's party. Emperor Hui of Yingjin was reinstated. I never thought that Sima Jian's monopoly on the throne of the government was not hot, and he was killed by Sima Yi, the king of Changsha, only half a year later. However. Sima Yi reenacted the story of Sima Yin, and not long after taking power, he was immediately destroyed by Sima Hao, Sima Ying, and Sima Yue, the king of the East China Sea. This time, it was Sima Ying who came to power. The next was even more chaotic, first Sima Ying was defeated by Sima Hao, and then Sima Ying was defeated in the confrontation with Sima Yue, and the "Rebellion of the Eight Kings" ended with Sima Yue's victory. However, Sima Yue did not laugh at the end. The "Rebellion of the Eight Kings" not only exhausted the manpower, material resources, financial resources, and military strength of the Western Jin Dynasty, but also almost wiped out the elite group of the Western Jin Dynasty. After five years of dictatorship, Sima Yue died in a state of internal and external troubles, and his body was burned by Shi Le's coffin before his bones were cold. ”

After Kang Ze sat down, Chen Feng continued: "Director Kang is worthy of being a person valued by Chairman Jiang, he is very knowledgeable, and he is ashamed of himself!" As Director Kang said just now, the Rebellion of the Eight Kings eventually led to the decline and demise of the Western Jin Dynasty, but this is not a concentrated portrayal and epitome of the power struggle in Chinese history. Monarchs and ministers turn against each other, flesh and blood cannibalism, the government is out of order, the harem is out of order, I am deceitful, the clouds and the twilight rain, all kinds of characters sing and I appear, and all kinds of means are used to the extreme. Today you kill someone, tomorrow someone kills you, and whoever kills someone is killed again until they are all killed. In this battle for power, both the wise and the foolish, young and old, are rushing into the center of the whirlpool of power like moths to a fire. It can be said that power is like an aphrodisiac, which has lost people's hearts, made people unable to distinguish the situation, did not understand the reason, went forward and succeeded, obsessed, and had no hesitation. Looking back at the competition of the Eight Kings, everyone was full of ambition before the appearance, but once they took power, their performance was all disappointing. This can't help but remind people of Max? Weber said that instead of basing power on charismatic "karisma" authority, it is better to base power on institutional authority. While this institutionalized politics may lack the thrilling dedication and heroism of Karisma-type politics, it is more stable, more reliable, safer, and more predictable. Human nature always has weaknesses, and it is difficult to change the nature of human nature with weaknesses and unchecked power. Rather than pinning the operation of power on the self-control of individual authority, it is better to hope for the restraint of the system. This is because the unpredictability of an individual's authority is rooted in our inability to hope in his moral character. In short, power is a thing that can be both beneficial and disruptive, and the key is whether to lock it in a cage and let it dance in the shackles of supervision, rather than believing too much in the moral self-control of those who hold power. ”

The old official system in Chahar has been destroyed in the war, more than half of the province has no local government, 60% of the wealthy families fled to other provinces, and more than half of the local people who stayed in the local area took refuge in the Japanese.

There needs to be a clean and efficient local government, not a bunch of rice worms transferred from elsewhere, so the local government in Chahar must be one that is always under scrutiny.

After listening to Chen Feng's words, Deng Xiaoping thought for a while and said: "What Commander Chen said is reasonable, checks and balances of power are necessary, only in the process of exercising power by the main body of power, supervision and restraint of power can ensure normality, integrity, order, and efficiency, Montesquieu and other thinkers also believe that unfettered power is bound to corrupt, and absolute power leads to absolute corruption; Morality cannot restrain power, power can only be constrained by power. ”

Kang Ze also said: "Power supervision has existed in ancient China. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, there was a so-called public opinion supervision of making poems and reciting poems, and at that time it also created the 'three supervisors' system, which became the source of the supervision of the imperial history and the assassination system in the later Qin and Han dynasties. Since then, all Chinese dynasties have established a power supervision system, and a multiple supervision system began to be established in the middle of the Western Han Dynasty. Such as the supervision of the imperial history, the supervision of the prime minister, the supervision of the lieutenant, etc. Kublai Khan, the ancestor of the Yuan dynasty, once said, 'Zhongshu Province is my left hand, the Privy Council is my right hand, and the Yushitai is what I use to heal my left and right hands.' 'The establishment of the Ministry of Supervision is still very necessary, but I don't know which party Commander Chen intends to hand over the Ministry of Supervision to be in charge? ”

"Hehehe, the Ministry of Supervision is not in charge, but it is in charge of either side. Not only the Ministry of Supervision, but also the other five departments, except for the Armed Forces Department, which is under the full control of the 40 th Group Army, the other four departments all adopt the principle of the three-three system, that is, one-third of the personnel from each of our three departments are formed. Chen Feng said with a smile.

"What about the minister? Do you take turns too? Kang Ze asked with a frown.

If this is the case, then either party will be supervised by the other two parties in the course of its work, which has caused great trouble for the Nationalist government's plan to infiltrate Chahar.

Of course, the ministers also rotate, but in order to ensure the consistency of policy implementation, each ministerial term is tentatively set at three years, and the term will be changed after three years. In addition, the Ministry of Industry and the Ministry of Commerce are under the supervision of Vice Chairman Kang, the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Supervision are under the supervision of Vice Chairman Deng, and the Ministry of Propaganda and Education and the Ministry of Armed Forces are also under the control of my father. The ministers of each ministry are recommended by the vice-chairmen in charge and reported to the presidium of the provincial government for deliberation and determination. Chen Feng said.

"Commander Chen, I have been in charge of Jiangxi for three years, and I have also presided over anti-corruption work there, and I have achieved quite a lot. In just over a year, a total of 1,200 "major corruption cases" and countless small cases have been investigated and dealt with, and the corrupt elements in Jiangxi have almost been eradicated. Kang Ze said.

"Director Kang, your set in Jiangxi can't be exercised here, this is Chahar, you can put us together in Jiangxi. The procrastinated party members and the revolutionary masses have been killed, is it okay here? We are altogether. The prostitution party is the most insistent on personal principles, so our soldiers are more disciplined and effective than you. So I think that if you want to be in charge of the Ministry of Supervision, you must have good principles, but unfortunately the soldiers under your Director Kang don't seem to have that principled, so this Ministry of Supervision is still in charge of us! Deng Xiaoping said.

"Don't think that the Ministry of Supervision has much power, in democratic politics, the most important form of power restraint is power checks and balances, and power supervision is only a subordinate power constraint. Logically speaking, the power in the supervision of power is an external power, and in terms of function, it can only play an after-the-fact role at most. At the same time, since the right of supervision is itself a power, it must also be supervised. Then there is a question of who will supervise the oversight, and this is the focus of contention between the two of you. Although the supervision of our power in Chahar is in the hands of the Ministry of Supervision, the Ministry of Supervision is divided into three parts, and no one wants to engage in favoritism. ”

Then Chen Feng said: "In addition, the Ministry of Supervision only has the power to supervise and supervise, but it does not have the right to try and deal with it, and the trial will be decided by the military court of the 40th Group Army. Another point is that all officials in Chahar have been integrated into the army and awarded military ranks at the provincial division, city brigade, county and regiment levels, and township (town) battalion levels, and all official crimes will be dealt with in accordance with military law. After taking office, administrative officials at all levels are given military pay subsidies according to the rank of the troops, wear military uniforms and hats, and participate in military training more than twice a month. ”

(To be continued......)