"Yanwu Xiuwen?" Zhu Yongxing pondered for a long time, smiled, and said: "Mr. Shunshui has a very bright and handsome personality, a very simple and profound knowledge, and a very sincere and kind feeling, which has given great influence to the Japanese people. If all the Japanese people become Confucian nationals, the greatest credit belongs to Mr. Shunshui. ”

Historically, Korea and Japan have been deeply influenced by Chinese culture, and it is not an exaggeration to even say that China is their cultural mother country, and that it is Chinese culture that has nurtured the growth of their civilization. Needless to say, far away. Even in the Ming Dynasty, these countries were deeply influenced by the culture and ideas that came from China at that time.

For example, modern Japan was greatly influenced by the great Confucian Zhu Shunshui at the end of the Ming Dynasty, and in the 200th year of Tokugawa, Japan as a whole became a Confucian national. Later, Tokugawa returned to the government with a happy requirement, abolished the feudal domain, and became the great cause of the Meiji Restoration. Therefore, Shunshui was not a benefactor of the Tokugawa Dynasty, and also had a direct and fundamental impact on Japan's restoration and strengthening.

The so-called "unification of the king" is similar to the idea of "great unification" in China's "Legend of the Ram in the Spring and Autumn Period". Whether it is Confucius's proposition that "the conquest of rites and music comes from the Son of Heaven", he praised the king for trying to save the divided and chaotic political situation at that time; It was Mencius who proposed that the world should be "fixed in one", and Xunzi proposed that "if there is one family within the four seas", the direct political purpose of his academic theory was to find a way to achieve national unity and social stability.

When the Ram School explained the Spring and Autumn Period, it began with a clear meaning and put forward the theory of "great unification". The word "big" here means "respectful". "Great unification" is expressed in modern Chinese as "attaching importance to the unity of the country." For thousands of years, this thinking has had an immeasurable impact on safeguarding national unity, social stability, and national unity.

As for what Zhu Shunshui said, "the amount is narrow and biased, and I am afraid that it will be a disaster for China in the future." While admiring his vision and observation, Zhu Yongxing did not have a plan to occupy the Wa Kingdom. What is the disaster of China, civil strife cannot be afforded, it is not ignorant, backward, a small Japanese country, barren and narrow. Do you dare to shake the tree? In the final analysis, it is still not competitive with yourself. Could it be that because of the Eight-Nation Alliance, we want to take advantage of the country's strength to destroy all the countries thousands of miles away? Could it be that because of the rampant hegemony of the US imperialists in later generations, it is impossible to send troops to the South American continent?

"Long live the false praise, Weichen is ashamed and dare not be." Zhu Shunshui had a good impression of this young new saint, and he could see the temperament of the new saint in his speech, not arrogant or discouraged, kind and kind, and knowledgeable. Far-sighted.

If it weren't for the knowledge of later generations, he would never be the opponent of these Confucians. Zhu Yongxing has another emotion in his heart, there are Wang Fuzhi, Zhu Shunshui, Huang Zongxi, Lu Liuliang, Yan Yuan, Fang Yizhi, and Qian Qianyi, all of whom are famous university scholars and famous in history.

These scholars were not convened according to their fame, but to see whether their doctrines were beneficial to Zhu Yongxing's reform. The emperor of "nine words and nine words" and "golden mouth" can forcefully launch his own measures. But to occupy a high point in public opinion and theory, the support of these famous scholars is indispensable.

Yan Yuan. Confucianism, thinker, and educator in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, and the founder of the Yan and Li School. He vigorously criticized the 2,000-year-old educational tradition of emphasizing literature over reality since the Han Dynasty, and advocated practical learning. He believed that Yao Shun Zhou Confucius was the representative of practical education, such as Confucius's practical learning focused on the examination of practical activities, and his disciples either practiced etiquette, or drummed, or learned dance, or asked about benevolence and filial piety, or talked about business and military affairs. It's good for yourself and for the world. On the contrary, Song Confucian science education was the opposite, the main was quiet and the main was respectful, sitting with a book in hand and closing his eyes like a clay sculpture, and the lecture hall focused on explanation and meditation, reading or epiphany.

There are three harms: First, "bad talents". That is to say, the talents cultivated by science education are as weak as women and women, and there is no talent through heaven and earth. This kind of education is not only harmful to oneself, but also to the country. The second is "the study of extinction". He believes that the physicists only work the exegesis of chapters and sentences, annotations and lectures, and thus fall into a kind of literary and ink world, where the state takes scholars, teachers teach, father and brother prompt, and friends learn from each other, all of which are based on words, which discards the spirit of practical learning of Yao Shun Zhou Kong. In particular, after advocating the eight-share policy, the harm is even greater. The third is "doom fortune". Han Confucianism and Song Confucianism corrupted the academic and social atmosphere. Scholarship has completely become a kind of word game, and the rulers have even used the eight units of the imperial examination to confine scholars to words, which has caused great danger, and the corruption and exhaustion of social morality, economy, and talent are all related to this.

Wang Fuzhi, the greatest thinker and writer in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, the spiritual source of Huxiang culture, and Hegel are known as the twin stars of Eastern and Western philosophy, the master of Chinese naïve materialism, and the forerunner of Chinese enlightenment. He is more concerned about real life, pays attention to the actual investigation of society, likes to ask others about things in all directions, as for the study of the country, the economy of food, and the study of rules and regulations, he is very interested in and interested in research. In order to apply the world and display ambitions.

Zhu Zhiyu, known as Shunshui, was a scholar and educator during the Ming and Qing dynasties. The characteristic of its learning is to advocate "practical learning, learning to apply", and believes that "the way of learning is important in practice, and the learning of sages is in practice". He talks about learning, and takes practicality as the standard. The so-called pragmatic person is beneficial to one's own body and mind, and the other is beneficial to society. He said: "The way to learn lies in being close to oneself, benefiting the world and the country, not to fall into the spleen and chase after the wind...... Don't plagiarize, whitewash, call yourself a Confucian, and say, 'I'm a Confucian'. In the midst of danger and doubt, Fu can decide, and if it is difficult to invest, Fu can win, how can it be a Confucian? ”

Huang Zongxi, versatile and erudite, studied the history of the Hundred Schools of Classics, astronomy, arithmetic, music, interpretation, and Taoism. In particular, he has made great achievements in historiography, and in terms of philosophy and political thought, he is a person who criticizes the absolute monarchy from the standpoint of "people-oriented", and can be called the first person to enlighten Chinese thought. In terms of education, he believes that "learning is noble and practiced, and it is applied to the world", and the establishment of schools is not for the sake of raising scholars, let alone for the imperial examination, but "the tools for governing the world must come from the school, and then the intention of setting up a school is prepared".

At the same time, Huang Zongxi opposed the single imperial examination and advocated the use of multiple channels to recruit talents, so as to prevent the children of high-ranking officials from using the power of their elders to defeat the commoners in an improper way in the recruitment process. The target of admission has been expanded, including small officials, people who can learn (including calendrical calculations, music rhythms, surveys, fortune telling, firearms, water conservancy, etc.), and those who write books and talk about things.

Lu Liuliang was an outstanding scholar, thinker, poet, critic and publisher in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Zhu Xi has been admired since childhood, and he is like Zhu Xi for his writing. Turbulent, good at reasoning; Poetry Yang Wanli, Chen Shidao, affectionate and bitter words, which is touching. Deng Zhicheng, a close friend, said: "In terms of poetry and literature, Chengzong Xi is a strong enemy, but only history is inferior." ”

Fang Yizhi. Famous philosopher and scientist of the Ming Dynasty. Academically, it is based on the origin of wisdom and learning, absorbing the strengths of others, advocating the combination of Chinese and Western, and the unity of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. He described and examined the traditional Chinese natural sciences and the Western sciences introduced by Matteo Ricci and Xu Guangqi, and divided the entire science and technology into three categories: "quality measurement" (natural science), "Zaili" (social science), and "Daoji" (philosophy) according to their objects.

It can be seen that the first batch of Confucian masters convened are similar or similar to Zhu Yongxing in academic theory: or emphasize the "economic and practical use" of talents. or bitterly denounce the danger of "Eight Strands of Scholars", or criticize the dross of Cheng Zhu Lixue, and even the enlightenment idea of "constitutional monarchy".

Qian Qianyi, lost in the front, returned to the back, and still did not lose the position of the suzerain of the literary world. "Yushan is still there, and the history of the country is still not dead", which shows the depth of its historiography.

Other words. These Confucian celebrities may be the help of Zhu Yongxing's reform, and they are the fighters he wants to occupy the position of public opinion. The influence and call of these people. It is more effective than the decree of the emperor in some ways.

Naive materialism, we understand! What are the two sides of the contradiction, what quantity changes to qualitative change, and what world is made of matter......

We also have ideas for the new talent selection mechanism! Dedicated to the Specialist Examination. The change in the recruitment of the civil service examination in the future should also be suitable for the present, right?

"Constitutional monarchy", we are more thoughtful than Huang Zongxi's idea, and we can also cite the example of the United Kingdom!

The economic model is both agriculture and industry. It is more detailed than Huangli Prefecture's "industrial and commercial capital"! We understand that we can "open up" to increase peasant incomes, and in "reducing expenditures", we can take measures such as reducing taxes and streamlining bureaucracy; As for the disadvantages of taxation and collection of silver, we also have plans to change: first, continue to develop banks and put an end to the exploitation of profiteers in the exchange of silver; The second is to set up a non-governmental impartial agency to set prices to collect in kind.

As for education, a century-old plan, of course, we must invest vigorously. However, given the current finances and the fact that the war has not ended, it is still necessary to give priority to universal education in the villages. As for those who want to continue their studies, they can only work their own. In order to facilitate self-study, the state can squeeze out funds to build libraries, and also encourage the rich to donate, give the library a name, and erect a statue in front of the library.

And these Confucian celebrities, this young emperor gave them a great shock, or rather a surprise. The saints descended from heaven, for them, it was a matter of "the son is silent, strange and confused". But this little-known distant clan and descendants of the Zhu family made them believe that it was Taizu who had a spirit and a vision in the heavens, and that such a Zhongxing hero was born.

Hallym Academy, Fellow of University. These temptations were not irresistible to them, but they were sincerely joyed and uplifted by the rise of the nation and the destruction of the Tartars.

Suppress a group of scholars and respect a group of scholars, and this scholar is not another scholar. Zhu Yongxing just wants to set an example with this, what kind of doctrine is liked by the imperial court, and what kind of scholars and Confucianism are what the country really needs.

…………

It has been several months since the new emperor ascended the throne, and although he did not achieve exciting military results, the tune of the Northern Expedition has been sung high. Issuing war debts, issuing a ban on grain and wine, replenishing new soldiers, and procuring supplies...... No one doubted the actions of the Northern Expedition, it was just a matter of time.

Although it is temporarily in a state of accumulation, domestic and foreign affairs have shown vitality and results. The common people gradually settled down under the favorable policy of reducing taxes and taxes, and a large number of confiscated ownerless fields and Manchu official fields were distributed to the people who contributed to the war or were industrious, and the enthusiasm aroused led to a significant increase in the amount of cultivated land.

Especially in diplomacy, after seeing that the Ming Dynasty had been revived and had a certain advantage in the war, the Wa Kingdom granted the Ming Dynasty the privilege of commerce and trade, which was even greater than that of the Dutch. Although the DPRK had not yet raised the anti-Qing banner, it actually gave great help, and Jeju Island temporarily lent the Ming army to raise horses to form an army, and did its best to buy horses and provide grain and grass for the Ming Dynasty.

"For the Ming Dynasty, the Koreans have always had a broad identity, which not only connects their own country to the Ming Empire, but also ties the Korean kingdom to the culture symbolized by the Ming Empire quite deeply."

This was by no means a policy of "big deals", and at that time, the North Koreans did have a feeling of admiration for China. In the Ming Dynasty, he came to China again and again to make pilgrimages. The records of the envoys and their retinue are often called Chaotianlu, and in the word "Chaotian", there are not only political submissions, economic tribute, but also cultural centripetal.

In history, even the North Korean scholar Cui Pu who inadvertently drifted to China unexpectedly. In response to the inquiries of the Manchu officials, he also repeatedly affirmed that Korea really regarded the Ming Empire as its suzerain, and asked: "Is your king called the emperor?" The minister replied: "There are no two days in the sky, and there are two emperors under An one day?" My king's heart is just a big thing. ”; He asked, "What is the law of your kingdom?" Don't have a year name? The minister said: "The name of the year and the law are in accordance with the Ming Dynasty."

In the picture painted by many Chinese, the golden age of Chinese culture and thought peaked in the Spring and Autumn Warring States, and then it continued to regress. The darkness and ugliness of the Manchu Qing Dynasty is only a symptom of the continuation of this regressive historical trend. It is not the responsibility of the Manchus themselves.

On the surface, these Chinese do not completely deny their country's inherent cultural ideas, and sometimes even appear as advocates with all their might, but the essence of this view is that they cut off the inherent bloodline of Chinese culture, cannot see the process of continuous evolution of Chinese culture and thought in the long river of history, and scandalizes Chinese cultural thought before the entry of the Manchu Qing Dynasty into something that is constantly degrading, decaying, declining, and losing its vitality.

This kind of view, which seems to respect Chinese culture, actually scandalizes Chinese culture, because of its deceptive nature. The danger may be even greater.

And the root of this view may be the ignorance of the lack of a full understanding of the extent to which the Manchu rule distorted Chinese culture. Or is it consciously exonerating the Manchu rulers! The essence of this is still to make Chinese culture blame the Manchu rule.

Under the rule of the Manchus, not only did the Chinese people become ignorant, impoverished, numb, and rigid, but also the Chinese dreams of many foreigners were shattered. The devastation of the reality of China that Uno Tetsuto saw was already clear from the time he set foot on Chinese soil in Tanggu, "from Tanggu to land." What I saw at first was very unfortunate and by no means pleasant. The houses built between the river are all extremely low mud houses, and the walls are not to mention. Even the roof field is painted with mud. It was the dry winter season, the field was endless, and the eyes were full of desolation, no wonder the houses in Tanggu were mistaken for pigsties. ”

Moreover, during the Qing Empire, the Koreans felt from the bottom of their hearts that when they came to China, they did not come to make a pilgrimage to the Son of Heaven, but only to Yandu on a business trip, and most of the names of the envoys' travels were changed from "Chaotian" to "Yanxing".

Although they also came to congratulate respectfully, their hearts were full of resentment. An envoy surnamed Han said in the fifty-second year of Kangxi that he was unwilling to go to the Qing Kingdom to be humiliated, but for the sake of the king, he really had no choice. "Circling in foreign lands, seeing ugly people every day, being forced to be full, immeasurable pain, chime breaking the bloody court, kneeling and knocking on the gift of dogs and sheep, it is invincible, and its great shame." He feels that this is because "Chinese cultural relics have been lost for a long time", and he still recalls the Ming Dynasty in his heart.

After seeing through these folk customs of the Qing Empire, he looked down on the Korean envoys of the Qing Dynasty from the beginning, and he was even more contemptuous. For example, Xu Changfu, who was sent to Beijing in 1803, came to a conclusion: "The rules of the Qing people to build the country are mostly based on the customs of birds and beasts, and the people of the world are foolish......"

Although these foreigners were disgusted with the Manchu Qing Dynasty and even believed that "there was no China after the Ming Dynasty", their respect for historical China, especially for Ming Dynasty China, not only did not change in the slightest, but after hundreds of years, it was still strong.

But after the end of the Manchu rule, they reversed their despises for the Manchu Qing and were still the object of praise in China, on the contrary, they used to respect and worship the object, but in China they were scandalized and insulted.

At that time, North Korea even felt humiliated to write its year name, and the Kangxi, who was "lowly" and did not do it, was actually worshiped as the Holy Lord Mingjun in China, and this was still a situation where the Manchu butcher's knife did not survive; And for hundreds of years, the Wanli Emperor and the Chongzhen Emperor, who included emotional ceremonies, were portrayed as sick scum in China, and the Ming Dynasty China, which they once sincerely admired, was portrayed as a darkness by the Chinese themselves.

In such a situation, I am afraid that even they themselves will be ashamed. It turns out that the people we respect so much, in China, when the Han people have been freed from oppression, are still not as good as the ugly shit, then we continue to respect and admit that the Chinese helped us at that time, then we can only say that we ourselves are too low.

It can be said that for the sake of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, China wantonly trampled on and ravaged its own culture, arbitrarily criticized and denied; For the sake of the Manchus, China arbitrarily scandalized and slandered its own history. Since China itself likes to trample on itself and slander itself, why should it ask other nations and other countries to respect China?

Masochism? In this way, the heroes worthy of praise and respect have done everything in their power to slander and vilify, and the tyrants and beasts that invaded and slaughtered themselves praised and worshipped China.

Such a nation that does not respect its own history, does not respect its own culture, and worships the invaders and slaughterers, even if its strength rises and becomes strong for a while, it can only be like the Manchu Qing Dynasty, which can only be feared on the surface and disgusted and disliked by other nations in their bones! (To be continued......)