At the end of the year, there was no peace in the world, and in addition to the revolution in Romania, there was also a war in Panama, the choke point of Central America. The United States is once again holding high the banner of interventionism and invading Panama to ensure its own interests in the region.

In the final analysis, the ups and downs of Panama are the product of the influence of the Truman Doctrine in the United States. At the beginning of the 20th century, the United States encouraged Panama to become independent from Colombia, and then obtained the qualification to open the Panama Canal, and stationed the American governor in the canal zone.

The status of the Panama Canal is self-evident, the United States has huge strategic interests here, and it is also one of the important bargaining chips for the United States to control its influence in the Americas, the political situation in Panama has been unstable, and the United States has spared no effort to interfere in the situation in Panama. In 1978, then-Panamanian military dictator Toljos signed an agreement with then-US President Jimmy Carter, known as the "Democracy for Canal Agreement", which required the United States to completely withdraw its troops from the Panama Canal Zone by December 31, 1999, in exchange for fully democratic elections in Panama.

However, when President Torjos was killed in a helicopter accident in 1981, the planned elections did not take place as scheduled. Panama then continued to repeat the story of a military strongman coup d'état seizing power, with five factions taking turns in power and being ousted, just like ordinary South American countries.

At this time, a figure came to prominence, he was Colonel Noriega, then deputy commander of the Panamanian Defense Forces, who had already had some contacts with the CIA in the mid-sixties, but this gentleman did not listen to the Americans very much, but liked to engage in some out-of-the-ordinary activities, including drug smuggling, money laundering, selling American military intelligence to Cuba, and so on. There are also reports that he has some ties to the M-19 guerrillas in Colombia.

In the President Ma presidential election in May this year, the presidential candidate jointly nominated by the opposition parties, Guillermo ? Ndara won the election, but Noriega declared the election null and void and continued to serve as Pana'President Ma. The United States then announced sanctions against Panama and then orchestrated a mutiny against Noriega to seize power, but ultimately failed. Two days later, on December 15, the military dictator, who appeared to be mentally dead, declared war with the United States...... On 16 December, several U.S. troops in civilian clothes were attacked by Pakistani troops on their way to Panama City, killing a young U.S. military officer. President George H.W. Bush announced the start of Operation Just Cause.

In the early morning of December 20, the United States launched the "Just Cause" operation against Panama, and the US military used the F-117 Nighthawk stealth attack aircraft for the first time to drop two GBU-24 laser-guided bombs in front of Rioharto's headquarters, officially opening the era of stealth. However, the strike effect of the two Nighthawk attack planes was average, and in fact, the US military also played more with a verifying idea. A few laser-guided bombs did not cause many casualties among the Panamanians, but alerted the Panamanian army.

Subsequently, several C-130s from the United States were used by the Pakistani army when they arrived at Rioharto Airport. Under the attack of the 5mm anti-aircraft heavy machine gun, a C-130 was hit and damaged an engine, but fortunately, the anti-aircraft capability of the Pakistani army was limited to anti-aircraft machine guns, so it did not cause any substantial losses to the US military. As soon as the U.S. military saw that it was not good, it immediately sent several additional AC-130 air gunboats to suppress and reinforce the ground. Then the injured transport plane finally dropped the commandos at a low altitude of 200 meters. Because many commandos with a lot of equipment landed on the hard airstrip, 35 of them were wounded.

After some scrambling, the U.S. military successfully occupied the Rioharto airfield and used it as a fulcrum to begin to send more force to the area.

The more fierce battle took place on the battlefield when the US army attacked the "2000 Battalion" in Panama, and the US Army Contingent, with the support of several AC-130 air gunboats, wiped out a column of the 2000 Battalion of the Pakistani Army and destroyed a large number of armored vehicles.

In order to prevent Noriega from escaping, the U.S. military sent the fourth squad of the Navy SEALs to capture Puenta? Patila Airport. However, because of intelligence errors, the U.S. military did not know that a large number of Pakistani troops had been stationed here, and the seals, who were considered to be omnipotent, finally did not have three heads and six arms, and were besieged by the Pakistani army quite miserably.

When the U.S. forces attacked the Panamanian Command, they also encountered relatively strong resistance, and the U.S. troops also lost several armored vehicles and some personnel, but the U.S. forces relied on superior aerial firepower, AC-130 and helicopter units to perform well, and still quickly completed the capture operation, but there were serious collateral injuries in the firefight, resulting in the death of 220 ordinary Panamanian civilians.

The U.S. forces captured most of the key positions within 24 hours, and only a few sporadic exchanges of fire remained in the following days. The Panamanians were also very strong in the nature of the Belt and Road Party, helping the U.S. military to overthrow the Noriega regime. Noriega fled to the Vatican embassy for refuge on Christmas Eve, and after the U.S. military found out, they used a large decibel playback device to generously sing MJ's song "No Way Away" at the entrance of the Vatican embassy.

Finally in utter despair, Noriega surrendered to Admiral Thurman, commander of U.S. forces in Pakistan, on January 3, 1990.

The muddy waters of Panama Qi Yiming have not yet reached the point of blending, after all, the Americas are too far away, and China's strength is not enough to radiate to the backyard of the bald eagle's house, at the beginning he also planned to let Ximu go to Panama to block the United States, but later he still felt that Ximu's backstage was too easy to see, and it was easy for the United States to be dissatisfied with China and destroy the harmonious atmosphere between China and the United States created by Qi Yiming in advance.

Therefore, Qi Yiming could only watch the United States bully a three-year-old child in Panama with the image of a strong man, and said secretly: "Look at how many years your interventionism can continue!" ”

By this time, the Cold War was drawing to a close, and too much had happened in the second half of the year, with Eastern European countries falling one after another, or more hard-line revisionist CPs coming to power. Poland held its first parliamentary elections in the middle of the year, and at the end of the year changed its name to the Republic of Poland. In October, the Hungarian People's Republic also became the Republic of Hungary, the ruling Social Workers Party changed its name to the Socialist Party, claimed to develop "democratic socialism", decided to abolish the Presidium of the Republic as the collective head of state, and introduced a presidential system; the establishment of a multi-party system and parliamentary democracy based on the rule of law; Abolition of the provisions on the leading role of Marxist-Leninist parties in state institutions. In November, Zhirkov, Bulgaria's decades-long leader in power, was ousted from his throne and faced a prolonged house arrest, and if nothing else, Bulgaria will change its name next year.

Qi Yiming spent a lot of energy and resources to finally stabilize three countries that he thought were still promising, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, and Romania. These three countries have maintained their leadership position in the CP, and although they have announced to varying degrees that they will relax their policies and actively protect human rights and democracy, it is predictable that their line will be closer to China in the Far East in the future, rather than to the so-called socialist countries that have been replaced by Western political parties.

Western countries led by the United States naturally did not welcome the drastic changes accomplished by the three countries in Nantero in this way, but these three countries all did the same thing, that is, large-scale arrest of Western spies, and somehow did they arrest Western spies very accurately, which made Western intelligence personnel and agents rumor for a while, and although the United States vigorously condemned the arrest actions of the three countries, there were not too many solutions. The arrest of Western agents was a ploy to draw salaries from the bottom of the kettle, and without these troublemakers, the control of society was strengthened, and with the support of China behind them, the situation in the three countries was finally eased to varying degrees.

Some Western scholars believe that the series of events of the year cannot simply be characterized as the endorsement of capitalism by these countries, but rather the weariness of the monopoly of "truth" and the weariness of a closed world. No expert or scholar can predict these events exactly, and these revolutions did not take place at a time when authoritarian regimes were cracking down on a large scale, but at a time when these countries were seeking reforms. Thanks to some imprudent moves and the impetus of the West, the revolution eventually swallowed up the reforms.

At the end of the year, all sorts of things surprised and surprised, and on November 9, the new East German government began to plan to relax travel restrictions for the East German people, and the Sunitist ********** member Günt? Misinterpreting the orders of his superiors, Schabowski falsely declared the opening of the Berlin Wall, and a large number of East Germans cautiously tried to cross it that night, until the border guards allowed them to cross the border without even checking their documents.

On the second morning, the crossing of the Berlin Wall reached its climax. West Berliners heard of the opening of the Wall and began to warmly welcome visitors from East Berlin on the other side of the Wall, with some relatives and friends who had been separated for decades seeing each other in tears, people who knew and did not know each other hugging and greeting each other on the other side of the wall, and many nearby bars offering free beer.

From this day on, although the Berlin Wall was opened, it had not yet been demolished, and some people began to carve out the walls of the Berlin Wall as souvenirs, and these people later became known as "wall woodpeckers". Strong pressure led the East German government to open more exits, bulldozers knocked down walls, and people cheered and jumped. At first, the Border Guards were still stationed on the Berlin Wall and tried to repair the walls that had been damaged by the wall's woodpeckers, but they eventually gave up on their attempts and began to ignore the free passage of East and West Berliners. It wasn't until the summer of the following year that the GDR ordered the demolition of the Berlin Wall, and a piece of history finally came to an end.

At the end of the year, on December 22, the Brandenburg Gate in East and West Berlin was reopened, where East German Chancellor Modro and West German Chancellor Kohl greeted each other in a friendly atmosphere.

Also in December, U.S. President George H.W. Bush and Mikhail Gorbachev held a summit in Malta, at which Maphead declared: "We will no longer see you as enemies." This sentence and this summit are also considered to be a symbol of the end of the Cold War.