Xianling, is the Ming Dynasty Gongruixian Emperor Zhu Youyuan and Empress Jiang Shi joint burial tomb, was built in 1519, has a history of nearly 500 years. As early as 1988, it was listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit by the State Council, and at the end of 2000, the Xianling Tomb was successfully declared as a world cultural heritage and was entered into the United Nations "World Heritage List", becoming the common wealth of the people of the world. I just said that Xianling is the mausoleum of Emperor Zhu Youyuan of the Ming Dynasty, and some people will ask: There was an emperor named Zhu Youyuan in the Ming Dynasty? Then I'm going to say, you know right, I'm right, not only in the Ming Dynasty, but also in Chinese history. Because there is indeed no such person in the emperor in Chinese history, because he is the only person in Chinese history and the history of the world who was posthumously recognized as an emperor after his death, which is also the peculiarity of Xianling. Although Zhu Youyuan did not become emperor during his lifetime, after his death was his son, Zhu Houxuan, the Jiajing Emperor of the Ming Dynasty, who later became emperor, not only posthumously recognized him as emperor, but also built the largest imperial mausoleum in Chinese history for him. In order to make the scale of the Xianling Tomb exceed that of the Chinese imperial tombs, Emperor Jiajing reigned for more than 40 years, used the treasury for more than 40 years, and tens of thousands of laborers built for more than 40 years before it was built into today's scale. It is also the world's longest construction period and one of the largest in the world.

First of all, it completely retains and embodies the feudal ritual system, plays a role in connecting the previous and the next, and affects the shape of the Qing Dynasty imperial tomb, he is the most outstanding representative of the Ming Dynasty imperial tomb, it itself has the uniqueness of other imperial tombs: one of the tombs and two mounds, for the past dynasties of the imperial tombs unique! China does not have it, and there is no second one in the world! The gold-bottle-shaped Outer Luo City, the Imperial River with the Nine Curved Loops, the Dragon-shaped Shinto, and the Circular Inner and Outer Mingtang are also absolutely absent from other imperial tombs. Secondly, the construction of the tomb is based on the principle of "the mausoleum is commensurate with the landscape" in the Chinese feng shui theory, and the landscape is regarded as an organic part of the mausoleum and the layout is unified. The building is located on the hill and is scattered, constituting a genius masterpiece that combines architectural art and environmental aesthetics. More importantly, the construction of the Xianling Tomb was the product of the "Great Ritual Dispute", a major historical event in the early years of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty. There are so many peculiarities about the tomb that meet the relevant standards of the United Nations for world heritage, and even the United Nations World Heritage expert Jean Louis was amazed, saying that the tomb is really a "magical and obvious tomb". I don't know how everyone will feel after visiting the Tomb! What will be the evaluation! Okay, everyone, now that you have set foot on the imperial mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty, please remain quiet and let me bring you back to the Ming Dynasty......

First of all, we see this stele called "dismount stele", engraved on the "officials and people get off the horse here" eight big characters, for the Jiajing period of the prime minister Yan Song handwritten, in our country's feudal society, the dignity of the emperor is supreme, the mausoleum area is regarded as a sacred forbidden area, not only the common people can not go in and out casually, even if the court officials come here to pay homage, they must also dismount here, this stele has a legal effect at that time, the offender will be severely punished, at the same time, it is an important landmark building of the tomb.

Ladies and gentlemen, this single-eaves mountain-style building in front of us is called the New Red Gate, and you will officially enter the mausoleum area through this gate. Xianling project is huge, it takes 40 years before and after, covers an area of 183.13 hectares, the whole Xianling is surrounded by two city walls inside and outside, connecting the new red gate city wall called Wailuo City, the wall is 6.5 meters high, 1.9 meters thick. The circumference is more than 3,600 meters, the red wall and yellow tiles, winding in the ups and downs of the mountains, majestic and magnificent, each brick and a tile have a complete mark of where the pull comes from, it can be seen that the project is huge. Viewed from the air, Wailuo City is in the shape of a "golden bottle", which is believed to be not only able to spare qi and protect the life in Feng Shui, but also a magic weapon worn by the gods. Its meaning is sacred and auspicious. At the same time, the winding city wall undulates along the mountain, avoiding the external stiffness of the building and making it more harmonious with the natural environment. Xianling Wailuo City is the first of the Ming Dynasty imperial tombs! Subsequent tombs of the Ming and Qing dynasties followed this practice.

The royal river that connects this bend by the outer pond is called "Jiuqu River", and it turns nine bends along the Shinto road that enters the mausoleum area, hence the name. Five single-hole bridges were built along the river, and the Jiuqu River and the Wudao Bridge were attached to the meaning of "Ninety-Five Supreme". It symbolizes the supremacy of imperial power. Due to the ingenious design, the curved river divides the ground of the mausoleum into several different areas, which appropriately plays the role of natural elements of mountain, water and trees. "The stone is jade and the mountain is bright, the water is surrounded and the river is charming", due to the construction of the Jiuqu River, the surrounding environment is looking forward to the brilliance. Although the tombs of the Ming Dynasty attached great importance to the drainage and flood discharge of the mausoleum area, and excavated or used natural rivers to form the imperial river, the Jiuqu River of the Xianling Tomb with its perfect drainage system, reflecting the perfection of the feng shui theory, and other Ming tombs have significant differences, becoming an important feature of the magical tombs.

Ladies and gentlemen, what kind of imagination can you imagine with this curved Jiuqu River? That's right, Dragon! It is like a curved and moving water dragon cruising in the mausoleum area of green mountains and green waters, adding a fresh aura to the tomb. Please look at this royal bridge, its whole body is built by precious white marble stones, the white jade railings on both sides of the bridge deck, there are 72 railings, 72 pillars, all the railings are hollowed out to the net bottle Ruyi square, the pillars on both sides of the bridge are fire-shaped columns, and the pillars of the side bridges on both sides are plain square columns, the pillars of the middle bridge are lioness squatting on the column heads, very unique, the railings at both ends are carved with a kind of monster, we call it a mountain beast. The whole imperial bridge is built gorgeously, the carving art is exquisite, looking at it from afar, it is very majestic and magnificent, some people say that it can be compared with the Jinshui Bridge in front of Tiananmen Square. The bridge deck was originally left in the tomb, and the bridge guardrail was destroyed in *, and the guardrail you see now was repaired in 1998.

Okay, now please follow me to visit the most distinctive and unique spectacle in the history of Chinese and foreign mausoleums, that is, one mausoleum and two mounds! What is one tomb and two mounds? It is a cemetery with two burial mounds. So why do other mausoleums not have this phenomenon and only show their tombs? This also starts from the change of identity before and after the tomb owner: in the 14th year of Ming Zhengde, that is, in 1519, the tomb owner Zhu Youyuan died of illness, at that time he was just a Pan Wang, according to the feudal etiquette system, his mausoleum was built according to the regulations of Pan Wang, and the former tomb we see now is the tomb of Zhu Youyuan, the king of Xingxian, after his death.

In 1521, after Zhu Houxuan ascended the throne and became Emperor Jiajing, he posthumously named his father, that is, Zhu Youyuan, as the "Emperor Xian", and once wanted to move his father's mausoleum to Beijing, and was buried with other late Ming emperors, this idea was opposed by the ministers, so it was not moved, and in December of the 17th year of Jiajing (1539), the mother of the Jiajing Emperor, the Empress Dowager Zhang Shenghuang, died of illness in Beijing. In order to find "auspicious soil" for his mother, Emperor Jiajing visited Tianfu (i.e., Zhongxiang City) in the south in February of the following year, and after visiting the tomb of his father, Emperor Xinxian, he thought that this was a rare feng shui treasure, so he decided to send his mother's coffin from the capital to Zhongxiang Xian Mausoleum to be buried with his father. However, upon inspection, it was found that the underground palace where the father's coffin was stored had been flooded, and it was smaller. So Jiajing ordered the Ministry of Works to build a new underground palace behind his father's original tomb for his parents' coffins. In this way, the original single-mound Pan Wang's tomb has been continuously expanded by Emperor Jiajing's reign for several decades, and has become a large-scale double-mound imperial mausoleum.

Please look at the overall environment of the whole mausoleum area: according to the principle of ancient feng shui "negative yin and yang", "back to the mountain and water", in this vast area, all the mountains, water systems, forest plants are used as the constituent elements of the mausoleum to unify the layout and arrangement, with the pine forest mountain at the back of the mausoleum as the ancestral mountain as the constituent elements of the mausoleum to unify the layout and arrangement of the building, the Jiuqu River bends in the meantime, and the Tianzigang in front is the Ping Mountain, which constitutes the perfect feng shui pattern of the former Vermilion Bird, the rear Xuanwu, the left green dragon, and the right white tiger. It has formed a high degree of harmony and unity between the human landscape and the natural landscape. Xianling is worthy of being a natural masterpiece combining ancient architecture and environmental aesthetics!

Ladies and gentlemen, after visiting the tomb, will you be as impressed as the United Nations World Heritage expert Jean Louis? Of course, according to the vastness of Xianling, the richness of the cultural history of pregnancy and Tibet, it is impossible to fully understand it in this short period of time, and I am only shallow in learning, and my knowledge is limited, and there is still a lack of explanation in many places. To this end, I will redouble my efforts to grasp more knowledge about the Tomb, at that time, welcome everyone to visit the Tomb again, I will also visit the Tomb again, I will also give you a more wonderful explanation. Thank you! Have a great trip!