, that is, the Yellow Crane Tower towering in Wuchang Snake Mountain, was built in the Three Kingdoms Wu Huangwu period (223 AD), with a history of 1700 years. However, the history is long but after the vicissitudes of life, repeatedly built and destroyed, the last yellow crane tower in history is also called Tongzhi Building, in Guangxu ten years, that is, in 1884 destroyed by fire. Repeatedly built and destroyed in the world, why? This is because the Yellow Crane Tower is no longer a famous building in the general sense, it is not only a lyrical place for countless literati and scholars, but also a witness to the rise and fall of an era. Not long ago, the Yellow Crane Tower was lit up, and a feast of lights kicked off in the Yellow Crane Tower. The lit up Yellow Crane Tower shines brightly, which is the collision of the times and the soul. The times are advancing, the soul is constantly being renewed, and we must be civilized when traveling. Please let this visit be remembered in your heart.

The Yellow Crane Tower, which is about to arrive, was started in 1981 to build, based on the Tongzhi Building of the Qing Dynasty, and can summarize its characteristics in five words: Qi, beautiful and wonderful. It is composed of the main building, the pavilion, the corridor, the archway, the ancient commercial street, etc. The main building has a net height of 51.4 meters and a total of five floors. Each side is 35 meters long, 72 big pillars rise from the ground, 60 warped corners fly the eaves in the air, absorb the length of the building, and gather the wind of the north and the south. The golden glazed roof is simple and magnificent, and the red gourd-shaped treasure roof sparkles at night, and each layer has a strong poetic and picturesque feeling. Like a yellow crane, spread its wings and want to fly.

We now walk into the hall on the first floor of the Yellow Crane Tower, what catches our eyes is a large ceramic mural with a height of 9 meters and a width of 6 meters - the white cloud and the yellow crane, the picture can be divided into two parts: the sky and the earth, the immortal in the sky blows the jade flute, drives the crane to take off, very elegant. In the world, the common people sang and danced and were jubilant. Please look at the columns on both sides, the columns are engraved with the couplets known as one of the two unique Yellow Crane Towers: the refreshing air comes from the west and the clouds and mist sweep away the heaven and earth, and the great river goes to the east to wash away the eternal sorrows. It means that the crisp and pleasant air comes from the west, dispelling the fog accumulated in the clouds, and sweeping away the regrettable things between heaven and earth; The surging Yangtze River rolls eastward, washing away all the troublesome things that have been troublesome throughout the ages. Climb the Yellow Crane Tower today, let us forget about the humiliation, and the future can be expected. Please go upstairs with me, this is the first and a half floor of the horse running corridor, and it is also the only mezzanine floor of the Yellow Crane Tower that is open to the public. By now, you may have noticed that the Yellow Crane Tower has five floors on the outside, but it is not the case on the inside, it actually has nine floors. This is because in ancient China, the singular number was called the yang number, and "9" is the largest of the yang numbers, and it is the same as the Chinese character "long", which has the meaning of "long". In this racecourse, some celebrity calligraphy and paintings are mainly displayed for everyone to enjoy.

Now we are in the hall on the second floor, which displays the historical rise and fall of the Yellow Crane Tower, where the models of the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties and the modern six Yellow Crane Towers are displayed. You see, this Tang Dynasty Yellow Crane Tower, the first floor is connected to the city, there are only two floors from the outside, the overall structure is relatively simple and rough, giving people a simple and majestic feeling. It is very consistent with the famous style of opening up in the Tang Dynasty. Take a look at the building of the Song Dynasty, which is a courtyard-style building group composed of buildings, platforms, pavilions and corridors, showing the exquisite and elegant artistic style of the Song Dynasty. The Yuan Dynasty is characterized by peculiarity and has obvious national characteristics, which is related to the vast territory of the Yuan Dynasty, and there is a bridge in the middle that embodies the good wish of peaceful coexistence between the cultures of the north and the south. In the Ming Dynasty, the Yellow Crane Tower gathered the essence of northern and southern cultures. Look, there's some stuff like that, you know what it's for? That's right, this is the parasol that people used in ancient times. Please look at the Yellow Crane Tower of the Qing Dynasty here, the Yellow Crane Tower of the Qing Dynasty is the most distinctive one in the ancient Yellow Crane Tower, it should be divided into three layers of heaven, earth and man, the first layer has 12 eaves, representing 12 hours of the day, the second layer of twelve eaves, representing 12 months of the year, and the twenty-eight corners of the third layer, representing the 28 constellations.

It is the most amazing thing to be able to integrate the traditional Chinese astronomical calendar culture into it, and it is a pity that it finally turned into ashes, which is now the Yellow Crane Tower. After reading these, it is not difficult for us to find that each dynasty has its own unique architectural style and culture, and in the end, we can also see the inheritance and development of history and culture, and the integration of northern and southern cultures.

Please hold the stairs and follow me to the third floor. Here is a ceramic engraving painting called "The Quintessence of the Literati". The characters in the picture have different expressions and are lifelike, reproducing the scene of literati and writers who came here to recite poems and give gifts. You see, the red-robed man in the middle is the great poet Cui Hao of the Tang Dynasty. Although he is talented, because of the traitorous ministers, his career is tortuous, and he has no talent, so when he climbed the Yellow Crane Tower, he created this poem:

The deceased has taken the yellow crane to go, and the yellow crane tower is vacant here.

The yellow crane is gone, and the white clouds are empty for thousands of years.

Qingchuan calendar Hanyang tree, fragrant grass and parrot island.

Where is the sunset township, and the Yanbo River makes people worried.

The narrow sense of nostalgia for missing relatives and the broad sense of nostalgia for the world are organically combined into this poem. Friends, I don't know if you have heard of Cui Hao's inscription poem, Li Bai's beautiful talk about putting down the pen, interested friends can go to check the literature to investigate, but Li Bai has a soft spot for the Yellow Crane Tower is true, he wrote at least 16 poems about the Yellow Crane Tower in his life, such as "Sending Meng Haoran to Guangling" on this mural

The fourth floor is the cultural activity place of the Yellow Crane Tower, which displays the improvised works of contemporary calligraphy and painting masters to visit this building, and here is also specially prepared the four treasures of the study, if any tourist is interested, you may wish to show your skills here Xianling, it is the joint burial tomb of Emperor Zhu Youyuan and Empress Jiang of the Ming Dynasty, which was built in 1519 and has a history of nearly 500 years. As early as 1988, it was listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit by the State Council, and at the end of 2000, the Xianling Tomb was successfully declared as a world cultural heritage and was entered into the United Nations "World Heritage List", becoming the common wealth of the people of the world. I just said that Xianling is the mausoleum of Emperor Zhu Youyuan of the Ming Dynasty, and some people will ask: There was an emperor named Zhu Youyuan in the Ming Dynasty? Then I'm going to say, you know right, I'm right, not only in the Ming Dynasty, but also in Chinese history. Because there is indeed no such person in the emperor in Chinese history, because he is the only person in Chinese history and the history of the world who was posthumously recognized as an emperor after his death, which is also the peculiarity of Xianling. Although Zhu Youyuan did not become emperor during his lifetime, after his death was his son, Zhu Houxuan, the Jiajing Emperor of the Ming Dynasty, who later became emperor, not only posthumously recognized him as emperor, but also built the largest imperial mausoleum in Chinese history for him. In order to make the scale of the Xianling Tomb exceed that of the Chinese imperial tombs, Emperor Jiajing reigned for more than 40 years, used the treasury for more than 40 years, and tens of thousands of laborers built for more than 40 years before it was built into today's scale. It is also the world's longest construction period and one of the largest in the world.

First of all, it completely retains and embodies the feudal ritual system, plays a role in connecting the previous and the next, and affects the shape of the Qing Dynasty imperial tomb, he is the most outstanding representative of the Ming Dynasty imperial tomb, it itself has the uniqueness of other imperial tombs: one of the tombs and two mounds, for the past dynasties of the imperial tombs unique! China does not have it, and there is no second one in the world! The gold-bottle-shaped Outer Luo City, the Imperial River with the Nine Curved Loops, the Dragon-shaped Shinto, and the Circular Inner and Outer Mingtang are also absolutely absent from other imperial tombs. Secondly, the construction of the tomb is based on the principle of "the mausoleum is commensurate with the landscape" in the Chinese feng shui theory, and the landscape is regarded as an organic part of the mausoleum and the layout is unified. The building is located on the hill and is scattered, constituting a genius masterpiece that combines architectural art and environmental aesthetics. More importantly, the construction of the Xianling Tomb was the product of the "Great Ritual Dispute", a major historical event in the early years of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty. There are so many peculiarities about the tomb that meet the relevant standards of the United Nations for world heritage, and even the United Nations World Heritage expert Jean Louis was amazed, saying that the tomb is really a "magical and obvious tomb". I don't know how everyone will feel after visiting the Tomb! What will be the evaluation! Okay, everyone, now that you have set foot on the imperial mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty, please remain quiet and let me bring you back to the Ming Dynasty......

First of all, we see this stele called "dismount stele", engraved on the "officials and people get off the horse here" eight big characters, for the Jiajing period of the prime minister Yan Song handwritten, in our country's feudal society, the dignity of the emperor is supreme, the mausoleum area is regarded as a sacred forbidden area, not only the common people can not go in and out casually, even if the court officials come here to pay homage, they must also dismount here, this stele has a legal effect at that time, the offender will be severely punished, at the same time, it is an important landmark building of the tomb.

Ladies and gentlemen, this single-eaves mountain-style building in front of us is called the New Red Gate, and you will officially enter the mausoleum area through this gate. Xianling project is huge, it takes 40 years before and after, covers an area of 183.13 hectares, the whole Xianling is surrounded by two city walls inside and outside, connecting the new red gate city wall called Wailuo City, the wall is 6.5 meters high, 1.9 meters thick. The circumference is more than 3,600 meters, the red wall and yellow tiles, winding in the ups and downs of the mountains, majestic and magnificent, each brick and a tile have a complete mark of where the pull comes from, it can be seen that the project is huge. Viewed from the air, Wailuo City is in the shape of a "golden bottle", which is believed to be not only able to spare qi and protect the life in Feng Shui, but also a magic weapon worn by the gods. Its meaning is sacred and auspicious. At the same time, the winding city wall undulates along the mountain, avoiding the external stiffness of the building and making it more harmonious with the natural environment. Xianling Wailuo City is the first of the Ming Dynasty imperial tombs! Subsequent tombs of the Ming and Qing dynasties followed this practice.

The royal river that connects this bend by the outer pond is called "Jiuqu River", and it turns nine bends along the Shinto road that enters the mausoleum area, hence the name. Five single-hole bridges were built along the river, and the Jiuqu River and the Wudao Bridge were attached to the meaning of "Ninety-Five Supreme". It symbolizes the supremacy of imperial power. Due to the ingenious design, the curved river divides the ground of the mausoleum into several different areas, which appropriately plays the role of natural elements of mountain, water and trees. "The stone is jade and the mountain is bright, the water is surrounded and the river is charming", due to the construction of the Jiuqu River, the surrounding environment is looking forward to the brilliance. Although the tombs of the Ming Dynasty attached great importance to the drainage and flood discharge of the mausoleum area, and excavated or used natural rivers to form the imperial river, the Jiuqu River of the Xianling Tomb with its perfect drainage system, reflecting the perfection of the feng shui theory, and other Ming tombs have significant differences, becoming an important feature of the magical tombs.

Ladies and gentlemen, what kind of imagination can you imagine with this curved Jiuqu River? That's right, Dragon! It is like a curved and moving water dragon cruising in the mausoleum area of green mountains and green waters, adding a fresh aura to the tomb. Please look at this royal bridge, its whole body is built by precious white marble stones, the white jade railings on both sides of the bridge deck, there are 72 railings, 72 pillars, all the railings are hollowed out to the net bottle Ruyi square, the pillars on both sides of the bridge are fire-shaped columns, and the pillars of the side bridges on both sides are plain square columns, the pillars of the middle bridge are lioness squatting on the column heads, very unique, the railings at both ends are carved with a kind of monster, we call it a mountain beast. The whole imperial bridge is built gorgeously, the carving art is exquisite, looking at it from afar, it is very majestic and magnificent, some people say that it can be compared with the Jinshui Bridge in front of Tiananmen Square. The bridge deck was originally left in the tomb, and the bridge guardrail was destroyed in *, and the guardrail you see now was repaired in 1998.

Okay, now please follow me to visit the most distinctive and unique spectacle in the history of Chinese and foreign mausoleums, that is, one mausoleum and two mounds! What is one tomb and two mounds? It is a cemetery with two burial mounds. So why do other mausoleums not have this phenomenon and only show their tombs? This also starts from the change of identity before and after the tomb owner: in the 14th year of Ming Zhengde, that is, in 1519, the tomb owner Zhu Youyuan died of illness, at that time he was just a Pan Wang, according to the feudal etiquette system, his mausoleum was built according to the regulations of Pan Wang, and the former tomb we see now is the tomb of Zhu Youyuan, the king of Xingxian, after his death. he