On April 5, 1945, around the time of Qingming, in this drizzly season, the Grim Reaper appeared in the sky over Japan. www.biquge.info Paul Tibbetts flew over Hiroshima aboard the Super Fortress Enola Gade in the Super Flying Fortress.

At 8:15 a.m. local time in Japan, at an altitude of 9,000 meters, Pandora's box opened. As the boy staggered down to an altitude of about 550 meters, the fuse on the bullet began to work, and soon a fireball appeared in the sky. After a few milliseconds, the fireball grew and grew, eventually evolving into the second sun in the sky.

The artificial sun scorched the vastness, and the blast wave of the explosion was so high that it was as powerful as a tsunami. Supersonic winds and shock waves spread outward, destroying all the buildings they encountered like building blocks.

The storm was followed by a relentless heat, released in large quantities within 3 seconds of the explosion. The power unleashed is simply beyond imagination. The center area is about 100 calories per square centimeter, 56 calories within 500 meters, and 23 calories within 1000 meters. In other words, the ground receives 1,000 times more energy than an ordinary sun. The temperature at the center of the explosion reached a high of 3,000 to 4,000 degrees Celsius. The house tiles near the explosion center have "blistered", and the wooden houses will spontaneously combust when they reach the ignition point.

Of course, these are not the most terrifying, what is even more terrifying is that this sun emits countless deadly rays, and the explosion emits a large number of a-rays, β rays, γ rays and neutrons. It is estimated that there are 1.2 trillion high-speed neutrons and 9 trillion slow neutrons (thermal neutrons) per 1 square centimeter on the surface. Although not as awesome as the later neutron bombs, in the core area of the explosion, almost no one could escape the attack of this neutron rain. Especially considering that most of Japan's traditional buildings are made of wood, their ability to resist neutrons is even worse.

Paul. Tibbetts pilots the Super Flying Fortress Enola. The Gad soon flew away, unaware that he had created a world discipline and that he might be the most murderous man in the world. At least 70,000 inhabitants of Hiroshima died when the boy exploded, and the aftermath of the atomic bomb could kill at least 100,000 people in the next decade or so.

Of course, the spectacle of this explosion was also recorded by the US Air Force, who were watching from afar, who would show the world in the form of photographs how terrible nuclear weapons are and how powerful the United States is. Anyway, when Washington received the news of the successful bombing a few minutes later, the White House and Capitol Hill burst into cheers.

According to the arrangement of the American ******, the photos of the scene will be sent to the major media as soon as possible, and then the before and after photos of the destroyed Hiroshima will also be sent to the media as soon as possible. After that, the United States can show off its military might to the whole world, and it can make the Soviet Union honest.

Of course, Roosevelt did not know this good news, because the night before the atomic bomb was dropped, the old president suddenly fell into a coma with a cerebral hemorrhage, and Congress appointed Vice President Truman as acting president after urgent discussion, which has to be said to be a pity.

And just when Hiroshima was being planted with mushrooms, in addition to the US fighter planes, there were also several specially modified Learjet-2 transport planes that had just arrived from Vladivostok to watch.

The Soviet Red Army's special mapping unit watched the explosion and recorded all the relevant data of the little boy, and while the Americans were excited, the Soviet nuclear experts quickly received the relevant data.

After rigorous analysis, the experts came to a roughly reliable conclusion: it was a uranium bomb with an explosive power of about 15,000 tons. The power can only be said to be so-so, if you can figure out how much uranium-235 the little boy used, you can probably estimate the level of the American atomic bomb. The latter point was quickly figured out, and when it was learned that the little boy had consumed 64 kilograms of uranium-235, the Soviet experts pouted and were disdainful. Because this data is too embarrassing, more than 10,000 tons of explosive yield, 64 kilograms of uranium are needed, which is an out-and-out waste, and it can even be said that most of the uranium materials in this atomic bomb are wasted. At the current level of the Soviet Union, it would take only five kilograms of uranium-235 to create an atomic bomb with an explosive power of about 20,000 tons. The capability gap between the two sides is obvious.

These findings make the government. Governance and Army. The Venezuelan capital was a little relieved, which fully shows that the relevant technology of the Soviet Union is still a large step ahead of the Americans, and as long as they continue to ensure investment, it will be difficult for the Americans to catch up.

Of course, these are not known to the Americans, so after successfully planting mushrooms in Hiroshima, the American ****** soon spread this great news to the world: "The nuclear attack on Hiroshima is the victory of peace-loving and justice-loving mankind over the devil, which means that the free and peaceful world has mastered the ultimate capability, all Japanese resistance is useless, and we advise the Japanese government to immediately and unconditionally lay down its arms and surrender immediately, this is your only way out!" ”

Especially after the photos of the nuclear explosion came out, when the whole world was amazed by the "achievements of the United States", the pride of Americans was palpable. Soon this sentiment translated into all sorts of political pressures, which, of course, were the Soviet Union. On the same day, the US Secretary of State and the US ambassador to the Soviet Union made more than one public speech or clearly warned that the Soviet Union would not make senseless resistance and would no longer provoke the patience of the United States.

On this day, the freedmen. The Overworld was excited, it was in a carnival, Churchill was in a big show of victory with his trademark cigar in his mouth, and Learvine breathed a sigh of relief for the first time, thinking he had won. While they were rejoicing, a military column with the highest defense level quietly drove into the city of Vladivostok, and under the strict escort of KGB security personnel, several high-security containers on the special train were carefully unloaded and properly stored in the KGB warehouse.

At the same time, a Type 41 destroyer, which had just received a special modification not so long ago, leaned against the dock in Vladivostok. The original two torpedo launchers in the middle of the destroyer were completely eliminated, and the chimney in the middle was also rerouted, freeing up a large "open space", on which a large missile launcher was installed, which was specially prepared for nuclear cruise missiles and was enough to accommodate hundreds of tons of T2 missiles. In accordance with the Army. Venezuela will make arrangements for the missile to be used in the next nuclear strike against Japan.

Of course, the political . There is still a debate within the administration as to whether the first actual use of nuclear weapons should be carried out by strategic bombers or T2 missiles. The mainstream opinion is to be on the safe side, and it is better to use a traditional bomber when throwing the first mushroom, and the T2 is not very safe and reliable after all.

So soon, another ten specially modified Tu-3 bombers also flew to Vladivostok, and the reason why so many of them had to be modified was actually for insurance, and in the end the bombing would only use the crew with the best aircraft condition and the best flight technology.

To tell the truth, these 10 Tu-3s were also the only crews that could be used for nuclear strikes in the Soviet Union at that time, not only did the aircraft undergo special modifications and be equipped with some anti-radiation protection devices, but the crew members have only carried out one job in the past year, that is, endless simulated bomb dropping training. Almost every member of these crews has received at least the Order of Lenin and has been a hero of numerous bombing missions in the war for his country. And each pilot has gone through countless political trials. Check, only the most reliable pilots receive this honor.

Yes, it was an honor to grow mushrooms for Japan in the eyes of the Soviet side, and only the best pilots could receive this honor. Just as the whole free world was in a carnival, in the midst of darkness, Tu-3 bombers carrying atomic bombs flew into the sky.

About three hours later, the plane arrived over Tokyo, at 6 a.m. The whole of Tokyo is still in a pre-dawn slumber, and the little devils don't know that they are going to hell in their sleep.

The Soviet Union's first atomic bomb was dropped and turned into a dazzling fireball at an altitude of about 500 meters.

According to the measurements of the Soviet Air Force mapping aircraft, the explosion power of this atomic bomb was about 30,000 tons, and the violent explosion caused the death of 100,000 people in just one minute, and a large number of buildings, including the imperial palace of the Japanese emperor, were destroyed, and the whole of Tokyo turned into hell on earth.

In addition to the Soviet Air Force, which was the first to observe the explosion, the US Air Force was also the first to perceive the explosion. A large number of US bomber pilots who had returned home from night bombing missions said that a second sun had appeared in the direction of Tokyo, and the sound of violent explosions could be heard 200 kilometers away.

The explosion immediately attracted the attention of the US Pacific Theater Command, and after learning the news, it immediately dispatched a reconnaissance plane to find out.

Of course, at this time, the Americans were not fully aware of what was happening, and even many optimistic Yankees thought that this was their country's second nuclear strike on Japan, and they were all laughing at the jokes. Only the generals of the Pacific Theater Command knew that the United States did have plans for a second nuclear strike against Japan, but they did not carry it out, and this time the big explosion was not their handiwork.

Truman, who was sleeping, was immediately woken up, and Nimitz and MacArthur sent him an urgent telegram at the same time, claiming that Tokyo was suspected to have been hit by an atomic bomb.

Truman, who had just become president, was still intoxicated with happiness at this time, thinking that he would develop for the better in the past. So they were stunned when they learned the news, because they should theoretically be the only ones who have the ability to carry out a nuclear strike on Japan, but Roosevelt knew very well that he had not yet ordered a second nuclear strike. So what's going on with this suspected nuclear explosion? Who did it?

In fact, there are not many suspects at all, the most suspicious are only the Soviet Union and the United Kingdom, only these two countries have such strength, especially the Soviet Union, which is highly suspicious. But Truman genuinely did not want to believe that the Soviet Union also possessed nuclear weapons, because once this was confirmed, yesterday's revelry would have turned into an outright international joke, and as for any demonstrations and threats, it would be ridiculous.

"Let me know when you have the result!"

Years of experience in political struggles taught Truman that he had to be more cautious at this time, and that it was better not to say anything until he was sure of the outcome, which would only lead him to passivity.

Truman sat behind his desk in a daze, looking at all kinds of documents, but those who are familiar with the president know how absent-minded he is at this time, don't you see that all the documents have been taken down.

A few hours later, about a little after eight o'clock in the morning Moscow time, Secretary of State Stydinus hurriedly barged into the White House and said to Truman in a panic: "Mr. President, I just received the news. TASS is announcing to the whole world that they have carried out a nuclear strike on Tokyo, Japan! ”

With a click, Truman broke the pencil in his hand, showing how surprised he was at the news. Although he still had a one-ten-thousandth chance of hoping that the Russians were lying, the common sense of international politics told him that this was impossible.

Stedinius later recalled: "The president was stunned for a long time, and in fact we were all shocked by the news, that the Soviet nuclear weapons came so suddenly that we were unprepared." Yesterday we were celebrating that only the United States has the ultimate power that only God can have, but when we wake up, we find that God has two ...... However, the president erupted after silence, and he issued a series of orders for Nimitz to immediately determine the nature of the explosion, ordered Donovan to step up his intelligence work to see if he could get any clues, and finally he silently prayed that God would bless America. ”

Churchill's reaction is not to say much, and Liervin sighed again, in fact, as early as when the Americans succeeded, she had some doubts, with her knowledge of someone, someone must attach great importance to such a major issue as nuclear weapons, and the result of great attention is naturally that it is impossible to master this weapon later than the Americans. She felt that it was not necessary to do any confirmation at all to know that the Soviet Union was not lying. The current situation is really too bad for the British Empire!

Two of the Big Three already have atomic bombs, which makes Britain so pitiful, and it can even be said that there are no Big Three anymore, only two Big Ones.

Learwin wrote in his work diary at the time: "The world has turned on a bipolar mode. ”

In fact, Learwin's narrative is not entirely correct, and it is correct to say that the world has completely entered a bipolar mode. Because in the next race to drop the atomic bomb, Britain was thrown farther and farther away. Immediately after Nagasaki received an atomic bomb, the Soviet Union dropped a second, followed by a third and a fourth. Six Japanese cities were reduced to ashes in an instant, and even the most conservative estimates put 500,000 Japanese dead in less than a week, and in the long run, at least one million Japanese would die as a result of the atomic bombs, and more than 3 million would be injured or disabled. And what is even more terrifying is that this nuclear race has not come to an end, and the Soviet Union will carry out a fifth nuclear strike.

And the significance of this nuclear strike is very special, because in this nuclear strike the Soviet Union used not an ordinary nuclear bomb, but an enhanced atomic bomb. What is an enhanced atomic bomb?

What we call "nuclear bombs" today generally refers to two kinds, one is a fission reaction atomic bomb, and the other is a fusion reaction hydrogen bomb (the neutron bomb is a special kind of hydrogen bomb), and the hydrogen bomb also refers to a "thermonuclear weapon", or a "multi-stage thermonuclear weapon".

The beginning of the development of the hydrogen bomb can be traced back to 1950, when Truman asked American scientists to develop a "super bomb" in response to the first atomic bomb exploded by the Soviet Union in 1949, and the use of fusion energy became an inevitable. But as I said before, fusion reactions are not what junior high school physics classes say: an atomic bomb and a tube of liquid tritium or deuterium are all that is fine. That configuration doesn't make any sense.

So the Americans invented the "Taylor-Ulam" configuration, and the "two-stage nuclear weapon" appeared, which is the "hydrogen bomb" in our general concept, which is divided into "primary" and "secondary", and the X-rays emitted by the primary explosion can trigger its fusion reaction before the "secondary" is blown away.

The actual combat strategic nuclear weapons equipped by the five rogue today, that is, the so-called hydrogen bomb that has matured by convention, usually do not have this two-stage model, but use a "three-phase bomb" structure, and the entire explosion process is a triple interaction of fission-fusion-fission. Three-phase bombs have the same "primary" and "secondary", and complex interactions between the two will occur. In addition, there is an "outer shell", which is generally composed of uranium-238, which can ensure the cooling of the secondary within the 1 subtle after the primary explosion; Later, under the action of a large number of neutrons emitted by the explosion of the hydrogen bomb, a nuclear fission reaction can take place, releasing energy -- in fact, the fission of uranium-238 in this layer is the main source of energy for the strategic nuclear weapons of the five nuclear powers today. Because it is difficult to prepare highly enriched uranium-235 as a fissile material and fusion materials deuterium or tritium, but uranium-238 is abundant in nature. In addition, by adjusting the shell material, various effect bombs (such as neutron bombs) can be made.

It is said that theoretically it is possible to further increase the "progression" to create a super-nuclear bomb. For example, the United States has done the conceptual design of the "seventh" nuclear bomb, and its explosive yield will far exceed that of the third-level Soviet "Tsar" bomb, which can reach 50 to 100 million tons. It's just that a nuclear bomb with such exaggerated power no longer has any practical value, so it has not entered the actual manufacturing stage.

The "enhanced atomic bomb" is a "by-product" of the distorted scientific and technological tree in the process of researching the hydrogen bomb -- it is an unsuccessful attempt before the creation of the hydrogen bomb, but fortunately, the primary and secondary stages of the hydrogen bomb can actually be regarded as "enhanced atomic bombs" with a special structure, and it is not a particularly unsuccessful attempt to build them, and it should be regarded as accumulating experience.

The so-called "enhanced atomic bomb", simply put, uses the high temperature and high pressure of the atomic bomb explosion to cause a fusion reaction of the tritium-deuterium mixture placed in its core, which will turn into helium and release a large number of neutrons. The neutrons emitted in a fusion reaction can greatly speed up the fission reaction of the fissile material encased around them, allowing them to join the fission reaction before they are blown away, that is, wasted. To put it simply, an "enhanced atomic bomb" can increase the utilization of fissile material and double the power of the atomic bomb.

Compared with the "multi-stage nuclear weapon" commonly referred to as the hydrogen bomb, the "enhanced atomic bomb" is still a "first-class nuclear weapon" and has a relatively simple structure. And it also has a certain significance for the miniaturization of the atomic bomb. For example, replacing the uranium-238 reflective layer wrapped in the outer layer of an enhanced atomic bomb with beryllium would allow for a significant reduction in diameter and weight without compromising the yield. In this way, the amount of explosives required to compress this inner core can also be reduced, which in turn further reduces the overall mass of the bomb. On the other hand, by increasing or decreasing the amount of deuterium and tritium in the bomb core, the explosion yield can be controlled.

In short, the enhanced atomic bomb is not as powerful as the hydrogen bomb, and it is an attempt at technological innovation. Big bosses of the level of the five hooligans have all had the idea of building an enhanced atomic bomb, but some of the big hooligans found that this path was not right after continuous experiments, and the increase in explosive power was limited, so they embarked on the road of "three-phase bomb". On the other hand, some of the big hooligans discovered that the enhanced atomic bomb was a chicken rib in the stage of theoretical research, and directly opened their minds to come up with a correct model of the "three-phase bomb" or hydrogen bomb.

Of course, these are all later words, because the Americans have just developed the atomic bomb at this time, and they are still a cut away from the hydrogen bomb. The Soviet Union was the first to make a choice between an "enhanced atomic bomb" and a "hydrogen bomb", because of Li Xiaofeng's involvement, the Soviet Union greatly accelerated the progress of new nuclear weapons, and the focus was naturally on the use of tritium and deuterium.

Those of us who came after us naturally knew the significance of tritium and deuterium to fusion reactions, but at that time, not everyone had tritium and deuterium, and everyone could develop a hydrogen bomb. In all articles about thermonuclear weapons, you will be told that tritium and deuterium are a key material. However, the two isotopes of hydrogen, deuterium and tritium, are extremely rare on Earth. If you want to use them to make a nuclear bomb, you have to find a way to artificially produce this substance.

At present, there are two most common methods, one is to use alloys or ceramics with high concentration of lithium-6 to make targets, and put them in the reactor for irradiation, which can produce tritium. Another option is to extract tritium from the reactor's neutron-irradiated heavy water.

But either way, the productivity is pitifully low. So even if a certain immortal opened the hanging, in principle, for the Soviet Union, but without tritium, it would not be possible to make a hydrogen bomb and an enhanced atomic bomb.

That is, in March 1945, after several years of busy work, the Soviet Union produced enough tritium. Because the configuration of the hydrogen bomb has not yet been completely realized, the relevant data model is still being calculated by computer. Therefore, for the time being, the Soviet Union could only conduct an enhanced atomic bomb test to find out the bottom of it.

If the enhanced atomic bomb can meet the demand, then there is no need for a hydrogen bomb, otherwise, the hydrogen bomb project will be given the highest priority.

Li Xiaofeng is noncommittal about this, sometimes failure is more precious than success, and if you don't fail, you won't know that you are on the wrong path. It's not a bad thing to let those who support an enhanced atomic bomb see the actual results...... (To be continued.) )